• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2008

The use of titanium in the field of dentistry has increased, due to their excellent biocompatibility, appropriate mechanical properties, corrosion-resistance and low price. However, many difficulties with the use of titanium for metal-ceramic crowns remain to be solved. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of surface modifications on the bonding characteristics of specific titanium porcelain bonded to cast titanium. The surfaces of Titanium were prepared with 4 test groups, i) sandblasted with particles of different size, ii) sandblasted after treated oxidization and oxidized after sandblast. We observed the bond strength and node aspect of titanium and ceramic, and respect to the methods of modifying surface of titanium by the test of mean roughness of surface, Scanning Electron Microscope, and 3-point flexural bend test. The results show that, 1. The specimens, which treated oxidization after process of sandblast with particles of 50um size, were the better for the bond strength in comparison with other specimen. 2. The specimen with process of sandblasting after oxidization treatment were the better for stability of the bond strength. 3. The wettability of titanium surface affect the bond strength.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제24권A호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2004

The flexural strength from 3-point bend test and fatigue properties were measured to evaluate mechanical properties of metal/ceramic interface of the multilayer ceramic package produced through tape casting. From the results, the specimens with three electrode layers showed the highest strength. The temperature distribution with time during thermal cycle and thermal stresses with the change of electrode's shape have been estimated by mathematical modelling. Specimen affected by thermal shock, produced microcracks by the difference of thermal expansion coefficient. The results of tensile test and fatigue test showed the rupture at pin. The fact that the pin brazed specimens were always fractured at the pin proved the good bonding condition between pin and electrode.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the flexural strength of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and bis-acryl composite resin reinforced with polyethylene and glass fibers. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three groups of rectangular test specimens (n = 15) of each of the two resin/fiber reinforcement were prepared for flexural strength test and unreinforced group served as the control. Specimens were loaded in a universal testing machine until fracture. The mean flexural strengths (MPa) was compared by one way ANOVA test, followed by Scheffe analysis, using a significance level of 0.05. Flexural strength between fiber-reinforced resin groups were compared by independent samples t-test. RESULTS. For control groups, the flexural strength for PMMA (215.53 MPa) was significantly lower than for bis-acryl composite resin (240.09 MPa). Glass fiber reinforcement produced significantly higher flexural strength for both PMMA (267.01 MPa) and bis-acryl composite resin (305.65 MPa), but the polyethylene fibers showed no significant difference (PMMA resin-218.55 MPa and bis-acryl composite resin-241.66 MPa). Among the reinforced groups, silane impregnated glass fibers showed highest flexural strength for bis-acryl composite resin (305.65 MPa). CONCLUSION. Of two fiber reinforcement methods evaluated, glass fiber reinforcement for the PMMA resin and bis-acryl composite resin materials produced highest flexural strength. Clinical implications. On the basis of this in-vitro study, the use of glass and polyethylene fibers may be an effective way to reinforce provisional restorative resins. When esthetics and space are of concern, glass fiber seems to be the most appropriate method for reinforcing provisional restorative resins.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.523-530
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• 2014

Machine material and structural strain are critical factors for appraising mechanical properties and safety. Particularly in three and four-point bending tests, which appraise the deflection and flexural strain of an object due to external force, measurements are made by the crosshead movement or deflection meter of a universal testing machine. The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method is one of the non-contact measurement methods. It uses the image analyzing method that compares the reference image with the deformed image for measuring the displacement and strain of the objects caused by external force. Accordingly, the advantage of this method is that the object's surface roughness, shape, and temperature have little influence. However, its disadvantage is that it requires extensive time to compare the reference image with the deformed image for measuring the displacement and strain. In this study, an algorithm is developed for DIC that can improve the speed of image analysis for measuring the deflection and strain of an object caused by a three-point bending load. To implement this algorithm for improving the speed of image analysis, LabVIEW 2010 was used. Furthermore, to evaluate the accuracy of the developed fast correlation algorithm, the deflection of an aluminum specimen under a three-point bending load was measured by using the universal test machine and DIC measurement system.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.743-746
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• 2006

ZTA tubes were prepared by centrifugal casting and sintered at $1600^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs. The ZTA tubes were machined into specimens of $3{\times}4{\times}40$ mm. Molten Soda lime glass (SLG) was penetrated into the surface of ZTA at an optimized condition of $1500^{\circ}C$ for the holding time of 5 h and furnace cooled. The extra glass on the surface was removed using a resin bonded diamond wheel. The glass penetrated samples were tested for their flexural strength using four point bend test. Vickers Indentation cracks were made on the glass penetrated surface at different loads of 9.8 N, 49 N, 98 N and 196 N. The residual compression on the surface enhanced the flexural strength and crack arrest behaviour remarkably. This was attributed to the thermoelastic mismatch between the glass and ZTA matrix during cooling.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.183-195
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• 2020

목적: 이 논문의 목적은 CAD/CAM 의치상 레진과 열중합 의치상 레진의 굴곡 강도를 비교해보고, 두께에 따른 굴곡 강도 변화도 비교해보는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 열중합 의치상 레진은 Lucitone 199^® (C-LC)을 사용하였다. 3D printing 의치상 레진으로는 DIOnavi - Denture (P-DO)와 DENTCA - Denture Base II (P-DC)를 사용하였다. 밀링 PMMA 블록으로는 Vipi Block Gum (M-VP)과 M-IVoBase^® CAD (M-IV)를 사용하였다. 시편의 최종 규격은 65.0 mm × 12.7 mm × 1.6 mm / 2.0 mm / 2.5 mm였다. 굴곡 강도와 굴곡 탄성율을 측정하기 위해 3점 굽힘 시험을 실시하였다. 그리고 파절된 시편의 단면을 주사전자현미경 (SEM) 을 사용하여 분석하였다. 데이터의 정규성을 확인한 뒤 일원분산분석(one-way ANOVA)을 사용하여 유의 수준 P = 0.05로 설정하여 그룹 간의 차이를 평가한 뒤, 사후 분석을 위해 Tukey HSD test를 시행하였다. 결과: 동일 두께 내에서, P-DO를 제외한 나머지 CAD/CAM 의치상 레진들과 열중합 의치상 레진의 굴곡 강도는 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. M-VP는 열중합 의치상 레진 보다 굴곡 강도가 높게 나타났고, P-DC와 M-IV는 낮은 굴곡 강도를 보였다. 굴곡 탄성률은 M-VP에서 제일 높게 나타났고 C-LC, P-DO, P-DC, M-IV 순으로 낮아졌으며 재료간에 모두 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 두께에 따른 굴곡 강도는, C-LC에서는 2.5 mm가 1.6 mm보다 유의하게 높은 굴곡 강도를 보였고, P-DC, M-VP는 2.5 mm와 2.0 mm에서 1.6 mm보다 유의하게 높은 굴곡 강도가 나타났다. M-IV에서는 두께가 증가할수록 유의한 굴곡 강도 증가가 나타났다. SEM 분석 결과 서로 다른 재료들의 파절된 단면은 각기 다른 양상을 띄었다. 결론: 본 연구에서 사용된 CAD/CAM 의치상 레진의 굴곡 강도는 각 재료의 성분 및 특성에 따라 다양하게 나타났다. CAD/CAM 의치상 레진의 굴곡 강도는 두께가 감소하여도 1.6 mm 이상의 두께에서는 ISO 20795-1:2013에서 제시하는 굴곡 강도보다 높게 나타났다. 하지만 보다 얇은 두께의 의치를 임상적으로 사용하기 위해서는, 더 낮은 두께의 의치상 레진의 다른 특성들에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.288-299
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• 2003

Statement of problem: Many kinds of post and core systems are in the market, but there are no clear selection criteria for them. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of core materials, and measure the bending strength of post systems made of a variety of materials. Material and Methods: The flexural strength and elastic modulus of thirteen kinds core buildup materials were measured on beams of specimens of $2.0{\times}2.0{\times}24{\pm}0.1mm$. Ten specimens per group were fabricated and loaded on an lnstron testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.25mm/min. A test span of 20 mm was used. The failure loads were recorded and flexural strength calculated with the measured dimensions. The elastic modulus was calculated from the slopes of the linear portions of the stress-stram graphs. Also nine kinds commercially available prefabricated posts made of various materials with similar nominal diameters, approximately 1.25mm, were loaded in a three-point bend test until plastic deformation or failure occurred. Ten posts per group were tested and the obtained data were anaylzed with analysis of variance and compared with the Tukey multiple comparison tests. Results: Clearfil Photo Core and Luxacore had flexural strengths approaching amalgam, but its modulus of elasticity was only about 15% of that of amalgam. The strengths of the glass ionomer and resin modified glass ionomer were very low. The heat pressed glass ceramic core had a high elastic modulus but a relatively low flexural strength approximating that of the lower strength composite resin core materials. The stainless steel, zirconia and carbon fiber post exhibited high bending strengths. The glass fiber posts displayed strengths that were approximately half of the higher strength posts. Conclusion: When moderate amounts of coronal tooth structure are to be replaced by a post and core on an anterior tooth, a prefabricated post and high strength, high elastic modulus core may be suitable. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS In this study several newly introduced post and core systems demonstrated satisfactory physical properties. However when the higher stress situation exists with only a minimal ferrule extension remaining a cast post and core or zirconia post and pressed core are desirable.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2011

In the present study, crack healing effect and residual stress of $Al_2O_3$ ceramics were investigated by changing the sintering temperature and heat treatment conditions. And also it was investigated that the influence of different filler loadings of nano-sized SiC particles on the crack healing behavior of $Al_2O_3$ ceramics. The test samples were characterized by three point bend flexural tests to evaluate their mechanical properties. The morphological changes were studied by FE-SEM and EDS. The test results indicated that the $Al_2O_3$ with nano-sized SiC ceramics sintered at $1800^{\circ}C$ were showed highest density. Sintering temperature at $1800^{\circ}C$, the bending strength of heat treatment in air atmosphere specimens showed about 42 % increment in comparison to the un-heat treated specimens. The cracked specimens can be healed by heat treatment in vacuum atmosphere but the crack healing effect of $Al_2O_3$ ceramics, which is heat treated in air atmosphere was higher than that of heat treated in vacuum atmosphere. $Al_2O_3$ with 30 wt% of SiC ceramics indicated higher crack healing ability than that with 15 wt% of SiC ceramics. The FE-SEM images showed that the median cracks and pores were disappeared after heat treatment in air.