• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.6_1
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• pp.565-574
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• 2007

Because of most current cadastral systems maintain 2D geometric descriptions of parcels linked to administrative records, the system may not reflect current tendency to use space above and under the surface. The land has been used in multi-levels, e.g. constructions of multi-used complex buildings, subways and infrastructure above/under the ground. This cadastre situation of multilevel use of lands cannot be defined as cadastre objects (2D parcel-based) in the cadastre systems. This trend has requested a new system in which right to land is clearly and indisputably recorded because a right of ownership on a parcel relates to a space in 3D, not any more relates to 2D surface area. Therefore, this article proposes a 3D spatial data model to represent geometrical and topological data of 3D (property) situation on multilevel uses of lands in 3D cadastre systems, and a conceptual 3D cadastral model in Korea to design a conceptual schema for a 3D cadastre. Lastly, this paper presents the results of an experimental implementation of the 3D Cadastre to perform topological analyses based on 3D Network Data Model to identify spatial neighbors.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.674-675
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• 2015

A 3D indoor model becomes an indiscernible component of BIM (Building Information Modeling) and GIS (Geographic Information System). However, a huge amount of time and human resources are inevitable for collecting spatial measurements and creating such a 3D indoor model. Also, a varied forms of 3D indoor models exist depending on their purpose of use. Thus, in this study, three different 3D indoor models are defined as 1) omnidirectional images, 2) a 3D realistic model, and 3) 3D indoor as-built model. A series of reconstruction methods is then introduced to construct each type of 3D indoor models: they are an omnidirectional image acquisition method, a hybrid surveying method, and a terrestrial LiDAR-based method. The reconstruction methods are applied to a large and complex atrium, and their 3D modeling results are compared and analyzed.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2013

W ith the recent increasing build and application for 3D spatial information, the importance of management and application for spatial information based on indoor space has been increased. Especially, Due to the increasing of the scale and complexity of the building according to the development of construction technologies several studies have been conducted to provide the services based on indoor space such as indoor navigation for disaster. Therefore, to efficient manage and service for information of complicated indoor space, it is necessary to extend and develop 3D spatial model and services that have been developed for outdoor space. In this paper, Indoor Spatial Data Model(ISDM) is developed to support building spatial information for complicated indoor space and location based services through topological information. ISDM contains a feature model which is a CityGML Application Domain Extension(ADE) model and a topology model that refers the IndoorGML.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1177-1179
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• 2003

Recently, the ground-based laser profiler is used for acquisition of 3D spatial information of a rchaeological objects. However, it is very difficult to measure complicated objects, because of a relatively low-resolution. On the other hand, texture mapping can be a solution to complement the low resolution, and to generate 3D model with higher fidelity. But, a huge cost is required for the construction of textured 3D model, because huge labor is demanded, and the work depends on editor's experiences and skills . Moreover, the accuracy of data would be lost during the editing works. In this research, using the laser profiler and a non-calibrated digital camera, a method is proposed for the automatic generation of 3D model by integrating these data. At first, region segmentation is applied to laser range data to extract geometric features of an object in the laser range data. Various information such as normal vectors of planes, distances from a sensor and a sun-direction are used in this processing. Next, an image segmentation is also applied to the digital camera images, which include the same object. Then, geometrical relations are determined by corresponding the features extracted in the laser range data and digital camera’ images. By projecting digital camera image onto the surface data reconstructed from laser range image, the 3D texture model was generated automatically.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.140-143
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• 2003

In this paper, we present a probabilistic approach to determining whether extracted facial features from a video sequence are appropriate for creating a 3D face model. In our approach, the distance between two feature points selected from the MPEG-4 facial object is defined as a random variable for each node of a probability network. To avoid generating an unnatural or non-realistic 3D face model, automatically extracted 2D facial features from a video sequence are fed into the proposed probabilistic network before a corresponding 3D face model is built. Simulation results show that the proposed probabilistic network can be used as a quality control agent to verify the correctness of extracted facial features.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.13 no.2 s.33
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• pp.119-128
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• 2005

Most spatial data handled in GIS is two-dimensional. These two-dimensional data is established by selecting 2D aspects form 3D, or by projecting 3D onto 2D space. During this conversion, without user's intention, data are abstracted and omitted. This unwanted data loss causes disadvantages such as restrictingof the range of data application and describing inaccurate real world. Recently, three dimensional data is getting wide interests and demands. One of the examplesis Database Management System which can store and manage three dimensional spatial data. However, this DBMS does not support spatial query which is the essence of the database management system. So, various studies are needed in this field. This research designs spatial relationship that is defined in space database standard using the three-dimension space model. The spatial data model, which is used in this research, is the one defined in OGC for GMS3, and designing tool is DE-9IM based on Point-Set Topology blow as the best method for topological operation.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

There is no doubt that the urban heat island (UHI) is a mounting problem in built-up environments, due to energy retention by the surface materials of dense buildings, leading to increased temperatures, air pollution, and energy consumption. To investigate the UHI, three-dimensional (3-D) information is necessary to analyze complex sites, including dense building clusters. In this research, 3-D building geometry information is combined with two-dimensional (2-D) urban surface information to examine the relationship between urban characteristics and temperature. In addition, this research introduces spatial regression models to account for the spatial spillover effects of urban temperatures, and includes the following steps: (a) estimating urban temperatures, (b) developing a 3-D city model, (c) generating urban parameters, and (d) conducting statistical analyses using both Ordinary Least-Squares (OLS) and Spatial Regression Models. The results demonstrate that 3-D urban characteristics greatly affect temperatures and that neighborhood effects are critical in explaining temperature variations. Finally, the implications of the results are discussed, providing guidelines for policies to reduce the UHI.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2009

Most 3D models found in the literature focus on theoretical topology for exterior 3D volumes. Although there are a few indoor models such as CityGML or IFC, implementing a full topology for the indoor spaces is either less practical due to the complexity or not even necessary in some application domains. Moreover, current spatial DBMSs do not support functionalities explicitly for 3D topological relations. In this study, an alternative method to build a 3D indoor model with less complexity ernativespatial DBMS is suggested. Focusnation the fact that semantic attributes can be storedion the floor surface, we suggestivemulti-layered 3D model for indoor spaces. We show the process to build the proposed model in the PostGIS, a spatial DBMS. And, then, as an example application, we illustrate the process to build and run a campus building information system.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2009

Each system should have a suitable data model about their purpose for efficiently managing, analyzing, and manipulating data. And the usable range of application is determined by the data model, and suitable data models are being developed for each application. In GIS, diversity spatial data model is being developed too. The accuracy and update of the spatial data would be important for applying efficient application as well as the data modeling is important as constructing the spatial data structure. Therefore, the purposes of this research are to 1)compare domestic spatial data models with oversea spatial data models about their geometry model, topology model and visualizing method of 3D spatial data 2)to compare the features of the data model by analyzing each data structures. We 3)compare and analyze features of each spatial data models via the quantitative analysis of each spatial data models.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2007

Since large portal service providers started web services for 3D city models around the world using spatial imagery, the competition has been getting intense to provide the models with the higher quality and accuracy. The building models are the most in number among the 3D city model objects, and it takes much time and money to create realistic model due to various shapes and visual appearances of building object. The aforementioned problem is the most significant limitation for the service and the update of the 3D city model of the large area. This study proposed a method of generating realistic 3D building models with quick and economical texture mapping using multiple spatial imagery such as aerial photos or satellite images after reconstructed geometric models of buildings from building layers in digital maps. Based on the experimental results, the suggested method has effectiveness for the generation of the 3D building models using various air-borne imagery and satellite imagery quickly and economically.