• The Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.69-74
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• 2018

The road name address is a two-dimensional location marking method for naming each road and assigning a number to each building. However, the road name address only shows the necessary parts for administrative and legal acts, and it does not properly display the main characteristics of various roads and non-residential areas. This has become more and more difficult to standardize different location identification methods, merely as a separate location identification method. This paper proposes road-based 3D location identification code to overcome the difficulties of integrating different location identification methods in Korea and to overcome the limit of 2D plane. This is a method to integrate various location identification methods based on roads and to identify spatial coordinates. It is a study on 3D digital coding of the land suitable for the 4th Industrial Revolution era.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.343-364
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• 2021

In the 5G era, the communication networks tend to be ultra-densified, which will improve the accuracy of indoor positioning and further improve the quality of positioning service. In this study, we propose an indoor three-dimensional (3D) dynamic reconstruction fingerprint matching algorithm (DSR-FP) in a 5G ultra-dense network. The first step of the algorithm is to construct a local fingerprint matrix having low-rank characteristics using partial fingerprint data, and then reconstruct the local matrix as a complete fingerprint library using the FPCA reconstruction algorithm. In the second step of the algorithm, a dynamic base station matching strategy is used to screen out the best quality service base stations and multiple sub-optimal service base stations. Then, the fingerprints of the other base station numbers are eliminated from the fingerprint database to simplify the fingerprint database. Finally, the 3D estimated coordinates of the point to be located are obtained through the K-nearest neighbor matching algorithm. The analysis of the simulation results demonstrates that the average relative error between the reconstructed fingerprint database by the DSR-FP algorithm and the original fingerprint database is 1.21%, indicating that the accuracy of the reconstruction fingerprint database is high, and the influence of the location error can be ignored. The positioning error of the DSR-FP algorithm is less than 0.31 m. Furthermore, at the same signal-to-noise ratio, the positioning error of the DSR-FP algorithm is lesser than that of the traditional fingerprint matching algorithm, while its positioning accuracy is higher.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.88-89
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• 2014

A vector-photo is a photography which contain image and 5W1H information. Objects pictured and an image in a vector-photo can be linked by 5W1H information in the vector-photo. This study discuss a positioning module to link between vector-photos and 3D BIM model. The module developed in this study can be utilized in a system that can link the vector-photos with objects in BIM model.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.149-155
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• 2014

A study on the indoor positioning system has been active recently, and TDOA technique using acoustic signal has been used generally. The drawback of the TDOA is very weak against signal distortion due to multipath effect. Especially to estimate the smartphone position, the sound distortion is very severe, and the generated radio signal jitter when using WLAN or Bluetooth as a time reference signal makes the receiver difficult to estimate the position. In this paper, acoustic trigger signal for the receiver preparing the positioning signal reception is proposed, and the mitigation of the multipath effect is shown.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2002

GPS in the United States and GLONASS of the old Soviet Union are used currently as satellite navigation systems. Plans are being made to use the Galileo satellite system in Europe, and these plans focus on a combined application of the satellite navigation systems. In this study, we examined the possibility of effective application of a combination of GPS/GLONASS in urban areas, where 3-dimensional positioning is impossible with GPS alone. We analyzed the 3-D coordinate deviation of a GLONASS satellite by integration interval and compared it with GLONASS satellite coordinates in precise ephmerides by transforming it into WGS84. We also programmed GPS/GLONASS, analyzed 3-D positioning accuracy by static surveying and kinematic surveying with Ashtech Z18 receivers and Legacy receivers, and then compared the results to those of GPS surveying. As a result, we are able to decide the integration interval for producing GLONASS satellite coordinates in navigation and geographical information and construct a GPS/GLONASS data processing system by developing a DGPS/DGLONASS positioning program. If more than four GLONASS satellites are observed, the accuracy of GPS/GLONASS is better than that of GPS positioning. As a result of kinematic surveying in a congested urban area with skyscrapers, we discovered that the GPS/LONASS combination is very effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2014

This paper presents the design, optimization and fabrication of a piezo driven micro-positioning stage constructed using a 3D-printer. 3D printing technology provides many advantageous aspects in comparison to traditional manufacturing techniques allowing more rapid prototyping freedom in design, etc. Micro-positioning stages have traditionally been made using metal materials namely aluminum. This paper investigates the possibility of fabricating stages using ABS material with a 3D printer. CAE simulations show that equivalent motion amplification can be achieved compared to a traditional aluminum fabricated stage while the maximum stress is 30 times less. This leads to the possibility of stages with higher magnification factors and less load on the driving piezo element. Experiment results agree with the simulation results. A micro-position stage was fabricated using a 3D printer with ABS material. The motion amplification is very linear and 50 nm stepping was demonstrated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2007

This paper describes the availability of the forthcoming integrated GNSS(Global Navigation Positioning System) positioning that includes GPS(Global Positioning System), Galileo, and QZSS(Quasi-Zenith Satellites System). We built a signal propagation model that identifies direct, multipath, and diffraction signals, using the principles of specular reflection and ray tracing technique. The signal propagation model was combined with 3D GIS(three-dimensional geographic information system) in order to measure the satellite visibility and positioning error factors, such as the number of visible satellites, average elevation of visible satellites, optimized DOP(dilution of position) values, and the portion of multipath-producing satellites. Since Galileo and QZSS will not be fully operational until 2010, we used a simulation in comparing GPS and GNSS positioning for a $1km{\times}1km$ developed area in Shinjuku, Tokyo. To account for local terrain variation. we divided the target area into 40,000 $5m{\times}5m$ grid cells. The number of visible satellites and that of multipath-free satellites will be greatly increased in the integrated GNSS environment while the average elevation of visible satellites will be higher in the GPS positioning. Much decreased PDOP(position dilution of precision) values indicate the appropriate satellite/user geometry of the integrated GNSS; however, in dense urban areas, multipath mitigation will be more important than the satellite/user geometry. Thus, the efforts for applying current technologies of multipath mitigation to the future GNSS environment will be necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.385-388
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 좀더 효율적이고 소형화한 GPS(Global Positioning System)용 안테나와 LNA(Low Noise Amplifier)를 IMT-2000 단말기에 내장함으로써 개인 휴대 통신 기능과 더불어 좀 더 정확한 위치추적 기능을 동시에 가능케 하고자 한다. 중심 주파수 1.575 GHz의 저잡음 증폭기와 안테나의 크기는, 합쳐서 10$\times$10$\times$4 (mm)로서 상층은 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나이고, 중간층은 안테나 ground와 LNA ground의 공통 ground이며, 제일 아래층에는 LNA가 위치하게 된다. LNA 의 경우 2단을 중첩하여, 첫째 단 16dB, 둘째 단 18dB의 이득 특성을 보였는데 첫째, 둘째 단의 대역통과 필터에서 삽입손실로 3dB의 손실을 가져와 총 3dB의 이득 특성을 보였다. 잡음 특성은 약 1.9의 특성을 보였다. 안테나의 경우 9$\times$9$\times$$\times$2 (mm)로써, 고유전율( $\varepsilon$$_{r}$ = 73 )의 세라믹을 사용하여 그 크기를 상당부분 줄였다. 그리고 유전체 밑의 ground를 옆면까지 높임으로써 좀 더 소형화한 안테나를 가능케 하였다. 고유전율의 유전체를 사용하였기에 안테나 자체의 이득 특성은 저잡음 증폭기에서 보상하고, 안테나의 임피던스 정합 또한 LNA의 입력 쪽에서 하도록 하였다. 또한 위성신호 수신을 위해 안테나는 RHCP 의 원형편파 특성을 갖는다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.367-378
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• 2020

This paper introduces the development of the iterative multiple signal classification (MUSIC)-based direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation system using a rotator that can control the direction of antenna for the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) interference. The system calculates the spatial spectrum according to the noise eigenvector of all dimensions to measure the number of signals (NOS). Also, to detect the false peak, the system adjusts the array antenna's direction and checks the change's peak angles. The phase delay and gain correction values for system calibration are calculated in consideration of the chamber's structure and the characteristics of radio waves. The developed system estimated DOAs of interferences located about 1km away. The field test results show that the developed system can estimate the DOA without NOS information and detect the false peak even though the inter-element spacing is longer than the half-wavelength of the interference.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.64-74
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• 2022

A number of studies related to underwater robots are being conducted to utilize marine resources. However, unlike ordinary drones, underwater robots have a problem that it is not easy to locate because the medium is water, not air. The monitoring and positioning program of underwater robots, an existing study for identifying underwater locations, has difficulty in locating and monitoring in small spaces because it aims to be utilized in large spaces. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a three-dimensional positioning program for continuous monitoring and command delivery in small spaces. The proposed program consists of a multi-dimensional positioning monitoring function and a ability to control the path of travel through a three-dimensional screen so that the depth of the underwater robot can be identified. Through the performance evaluation, a robot underwater could be monitored and verified from various angles with a 3D screen, and an error within the assumed range was verified as the difference between the set path and the actual position is within 6.44 m on average.