• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.451-460
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of an exercise program on the physical, physiological, and emotional status of the aged. Method: This research adopted a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 46 elders aged over 60 who were selected from those registered at three local health centers in G City, and 27 of them were assigned to the experimental group and 19 to the control group. The independent variable was the exercise program, and the dependent variables were physical status, physiological status, and emotional status. The exercise program was Performed for 60 minutes per time, 3 times a week and for 6 weeks. Data were collected from October to November, 2005. Result: Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed significant improvements in right lower extremity strength (F=46.119, p=.000), left lower extremity strength (F=53.265, p=.000) and waist flexibility (t=3.183, p=.003) as physical status, and in depression (t=-3.703, p=.001), perceived health status (t=4.821, p=.000), and self efficacy (t=3.866, p=.000) as emotional status. Conclusion: The results showed that the exercise program was effective in promoting the physical status, physiological status, and emotional status of the aged. Therefore, it is recommended to apply the program as a nursing intervention in clinical practice and education in communities.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.71-85
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to determine how the association between socioeconomic status and health behaviors with self-rated health status among Korean aged 20-64 years. Methods: A nationally representative sample(2,027 men and 2,626 women) from the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Surveys was analyzed. To estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals, logistic regression was conducted. Results: The study shows that socioeconomic status was related with self-rated health status. that was, lower education and income led to a significant increase in poor health status. The odds ratio of self-rated health status after controlling for age was 2.83(95% CI, 1.60-5.00) for men, 2.32(95% CI, 1.15-3.46) for women among those with the lowest-educated group compared to the highest-educated group. When household income was considered, the odds ratio of self-rated health for men was 3.50(95% CI, 2.11-5.79) and 2.21(95% CI, 1.53-3.20) for women among those in the lowest-income group compared to the highest-income group. Health behaviors had little effect on the relationship between socioeconomic status and self-rated health status. Conclusions: This study found that there existed socioeconomic differences in poor health status in Korean. The effect of education was stronger than that of income for both men and women.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.307-323
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• 1990

This Study was done to design and test an instrument to measure the health status of the elderly including physical, psychologyical and social dimensions. Data collection was done from July 18 to August 17, 1990. Subjects were 412 older persons in Korea. A convenience sample was used but the place of residence was stratified into large, medium and small city and rural areas. Participants located in Sudaemun-Gu, Mapo-Gu, and Kangnam-Gu, Seoul were interviewed by brained nursing students, and those in Chungju, Jonju, Chuncheon, and Jinju by professors of nursing colleges. Rural residents were interviewed by community health practioners working in Kungsang-Buk-Do, Kyngsang- Nam - Bo, Jonla Buk -Do, and Kyung Ki- Do. The tool developed for this study was a structured questionnaire based on previous literature and then tested for reliability and validity. This tool contained 20 physical health status items, 17 mental-emotional health status items and 38 social health status items. Physical health status items clustered in to six factors such as personal hygiene, activity, home management, digestive, sexual, sensory, and climination functions. Mental-emotional health status items clustered into two factors, mental health and emotional health. Social health status items clustered into seven factors, grandparent, parent, spouse, friend, kinships, group member and religious role functions. Data analysis included percentage, average, S.D., t-test and ANOVA. The results of the analysis were as follows : 1. The tool measuring the health status of the elderly and developed for this research had a relatively high reliavility indicated by a cronbach＝0.97793. 2. Average score of the subjects physical health status was 4, 054 in a 5 point likert scale, mentalemotional health status was 3.803, social health status was 2.939 and the total average was 3.521. The social status of the subjects was the lowest and the next was mental-emotional health status ; physical health status was the highest. 3. Educational background, perceived health status, the amount of pocket money were related to physical and mental-emotional health status and family structure was related mental-emotional physical and social health status. Occupation was related to physical and mental-emotional status. Area of residence was related to metal-emotional and social status. Source of living in the expeneses was related to physical and mental-emotional health status marital status to mental-emotional and social health status, and the number living in the home physical health status and religion to social health status. The following conciusions were derived from the above results ; 1. The health status of Korean elderly was relatively sound but social health status was the most vulnerable. The Social activity for Korean elderly is needed to improve social health. 2. Educational background, perceived health status and the amount of pocket money must be considered in the health assessment criteria of the elderly, Family structure, marial status, occupation, residence variables and sources of living expense must also be considered as significant. 3. A health education program based on the educational background of the elderly, and provision of an occupational socioeconomic welfare policy will be useful in order to increase social health status of Korean elderly.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2005

Purpose: This descriptive correlation study was to identify the influencing factors on fatigue of patients undergoing radiotherapy for breast cancer. Method: One hundred twenty-six breast cancer patients were recruited from a radiotherapy clinic of two university hospitals. Data were collected using a package of questionnaires consisting of the Symptom Experience Scale, mood disturbance scale, and Social Support Scale. Results: The mean score of the fatigue, physical status, emotional status, and social support was 4.18, 21.96, 100.95, and 3.70, respectively. Family support and health profession support were 3.94 and 3.47, respectively. Fatigue and physical status, fatigue and emotional status, physical status and emotional status were found to have statistically positive correlations. But emotional status and social support were found to have statistically negative correlation. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the influencing factors on fatigue were emotional status, marital status, and physical status which explained 64.4% fatigue of breast cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.346-355
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was aimed to examine the effect of employment status upon the subjective health status. Methods: The data of the study were from the 11th Korean Labor Panel Data, obtained by using a face to face interview method. These data were analyzed by ANOVA, t-test and multiple regression using the SPSS program. Results: There was a significant, statistical difference on the subjective health status according to employment status. The subjective health status of non-regular workers was lower than that of the regular workers. The significant predictors of the subjective health status of all subjects were economic status, age, gender, education, marital status, drinking, employment status, and egular work time. The significant predictors of the subjective health status of workers were age, economic status, gender, and education. The significant predictors of the subjective health status of non-regular workers were age, economic status, marital status, gender, education, and regular work time. Conclusion: These results indicate an association between the subjective health status and employment status. The subjective health status may be affected by instability of temporary employment. The additional research to clarify the role of employment instability is recommended. Research on social policy to resolve health inequalities is recommended.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.180-188
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aims to explore the effect of physical, emotional and environmental status on safety consciousness of the elderly who live alone. Methods: A total of 228 participants were the elderly living alone aged 65 years and older. Three questionnaires were developed to measure safety consciousness, physical status, and environmental status by researchers. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to evaluate emotional status of the elderly. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Average scores of participants were $3.71{\pm}1.49$ (range 0~6) for physical status, $8.28{\pm}3.38$ (range 0~15) for environmental status, $7.21{\pm}3.40$ (range 0~15) for GDS and $17.00{\pm}6.54$ (range 0~37) for safety consciousness. Safety consciousness was significantly associated with education, marital status, drinking, and depression as emotional status. These variables explained 13.6% of the variance in safety consciousness. Conclusion: The levels of safety consciousness among the elderly living alone were low. Education, marital status, drinking, and depression were the factors affecting safety consciousness. Risk assessment and management of these factors are needed to increase safety consciousness of the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.62-73
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• 1985

The problems of growth & development due to maladjustment are gradually increasing while need for the treatment of children's diseases is decreasing. The level of developmental deficiency or delay correlates with neonatal birth weight and also with gestational age, i.e. degrees of prematurity. There-fore, developmental defects and potential risk factors' are more Common in premature infants than in full term infants. The purpose of this study is to define the difference in the growth at developmental status between premature and full term infants, and to define the relation between the developmental status and the physical growth during the first 3 years' Data were collected from January 10, 1985 to April 6, 1985 at 3 hospitals including St. Mary's Hospital, and through home visiting. The subjects of this study consisted of 79 Premature infants (G.A. <37wks. & B.W. <2.5kg) and 94 full term infants (G.A.≥37 wks. & B.W.≥2.5kg). The study method used was a questionnaire, anthropometric assessment and DDST for normative data of growth & development. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and t-test. The results of the study were as follows: Hypothesis: 1 : That the prematures will differ from the full term infants in the physical growth status during the first 3 years was partially supported (p＜0.02) : The prematures reached up the full term infants in the physical growth status in the first 6 months. And, the first hypothesis was supported (P<0.01) : There are more cases which is below‘the Korean children's physical. growth standards’in prematures than in full term infants. Hypothesis 2 : That the prematures will differ from the full term infants in the developmental status during the first 3 years was supported (P< 0.001)；‘Normal’developmental status due to DDST was less in prematures than in full term infants. And, the second hypothesis was Partially supported (P<0.02) : The developmental status of the pre-matures was different from that of the full term infants within the first 3 months by analysis of passed items in DDST, Hypothesis 3 : That the prematures' developmental status will relate to their physical growth during the first 3 years was supported (P<0.001) : If the prematures' developmental status is in delayed status, then, their physical growth status is also in delayed status. This study shows that the prematures differed significantly from the full term infants in the growth at developmental status during their infancy. This means that the nurse can foster the growth & development of the prematures by supportive care during their infancy. Further longitudinal study is needed to verify these findings for the environmental factors.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between powerlessness, sense of belonging and nutritional status of the elderly. Method: The study sample was 100 living at home and institutions. Data were collected by interview from Oct. to Dec. in 2003. The instruments were helplessness scale developed by Jung (1998), sense of belonging scale SOBI-A and nutritional initial screening. Results: The mean score of powerlessness was $2.71{\pm}0.30$, sense of belonging was $2.87{\pm}0.19$ and nutritional status was $4.42{\pm}3.34$. There was a statistically significant differences in powerlessness according to age (F=3.185, p=0.027), health status (F=6.945, P=0.002), religion (F=5.941, P=0.001), current spouse (t=-0.384, p=0.026), in sense of belonging according to age (F=4.40, P=0.006), length of education (F=10.64, P=<.0001) and in nutritional status according to age (F=3.34, P=0.022), health status (F=2.86, P=0.027). There was a statistically significant correlation between powerlessness and nutritional status (r=0.219, p=0.029). Conclusions: Nurses are able to decrease powerlessness or increase sense of belonging and nutritional status of the elderly by developing the health promotion program, improving perceived health status and empowering social interaction of the elderly specifically living at institutions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.336-343
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify influencing factors of subjective health status perception of obese college students. Methods: We used the data from the 2015 Community Health Survey. The subjects of this study included 951 obese college students. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression with SPSS ver. 23. Results: The average score of subjective health status was $3.81{\pm}0.81$. Gender, age, residential area, stress and depression were found to be the influencing factors of subjective health status perception and explained 6.7% of the subjective health status. Conclusion: These findings indicate that effective intervention programs are needed to help obese college students correctly recognize their subjective health status and manage stress and depression.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.153-165
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between physical activity, health status, and quality of life (QOL) of University students. Methods: The research design was based on a descriptive research design model. This study sample consisted of 183 K University students in D city. Data was collected from December 2012 to January 2013 and analyzed with descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, and Pearson's correlation analysis) using SPSS 19.0. Subjects completed questionnaires on their demographics, physical activity, health status, and QOL. Results: The overall physical activity of participants was $2529.40{\pm}5057.896$ min/week on average. The average health status was $28.66{\pm}6.3$ and the average physical health and mental health were $16.45{\pm}3.955$ and $12.31{\pm}3.446$, respectively. The overall degree of QOL was $3.429{\pm}0.379$. A positive relationship existed between moderate and vigorous activity and health status. In addition, QOL positively correlated with physical health (under health status). However, physical activity was not related with both mental health (under health status) and QOL. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, health educational programs are needed to promote sufficient physical activity in university students.