• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.387-394
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• 2010

Objectives: According to variety rapid change of working environment of dental clinics, dental hygienist faced of many job stress in their working place. The aim of this study was to analyze the stress factors. Methods: 206 participants of dental hygienist that working from each a section in Gwang-ju analysed the Job stress questionnaire as used self written. Results: The stress related of job factors was the highest score from 20-25 years old(p<0.05), score from dental clinic under ten persons, score from single women(p<0.05), score from 1 to 3 years old on job career, score from cases without home economic to support. The stress related of the patients was the highest score from 20-25 years old(p<0.05), score from dental clinic under ten persons, score from single women, score from 1 to 3 years old on job career(p<0.05), score from cases live with parents. Conclusions: These results suggest that, on dental hygienists working in the dental clinic and hospital, the stress of job activities have significant effects on dental hygienists. Therefore, it is recommended that the stress is being systematically reduced methods.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.159-170
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• 2015

The subjects of this research were 384 men in the Chungbuk area and the effect of their attitude towards prostitution were analyzed. Subjects were divided into 3 age groups during the analysis and PASW Statistics 18.0 was used in material analysis. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the age group 'between 30 to 45 years of age' and 'between 45 to 60 years of age' displayed more positive attitude towards prostitution compared to the age group 'above 65 years of age'. Second, factors that effect the attitude towards prostitution were shown to be different depending on the group. In the age group 'between 30 to 45 years of age' and 'between 45 to 60 years of age', expressive coping behavior in sex coping behavior, official suppression, sexual equality awareness, work status, level of education were shown to have an effect. In the group 'above 60 years of age', controlled coping behavior in sex coping behavior, unofficial suppression, rate of satisfaction in conjugal relation, sexual equality awareness, physical condition were shown to have an effect. The significance of this research lies in the fact that it was the first to suggest prostitution prevention measure depending on the men's age group based on these objective analysis.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.253-272
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to supplement the NURI Curriculum by investigating the practicing level of the NURI Curriculum for 5-year olds according to the demographic backgrounds of early childhood teachers. The subjects of this study were 201 early childhood teachers who work at kindergartens and child care centers located in Gyeonggi Province and were in charge of 5-year olds. The instrument used was a questionnaire measuring the practicing level of the NURI Curriculum. The results of this study were as follows. First, the practicing level of the NURI Curriculum for 5-year olds generally showed high scores. A total average of 3.24 on a 4 scale was found. In each case, educational contents have the highest score, 3.40, and educational evaluation has the lowest score, 3.03. Secondly, teachers' age, teaching career and educational background had an affect on the practicing level of the NURI Curriculum for 5-year olds, but their certificate and institution type did not. That is, the higher the teachers' age, teaching career and educational background, the higher the practicing level of the NURI Curriculum for 5-year olds.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 2001

The corneal structure and function changes somewhat with aging. We were performed the analysis of women college students on the base curve, power, and astigmatism axis of the cornea by keratometer. All women subjects were between the ages of 19 and 20 years. On the corneal base curve. the right eye of the ages of 19 was 7.64 mm in vertical and 7.81 mm in horizontal. But, the left eye was 7.65 mm in vertical and 7.83 mm in horizontal on the other hand, the right and left eye of the ages of 20 was 7.72 mm in vertical and 7.75 mm in horizontal. On the corneal diopter power, the right eye of the ages of 19 was 44.21 diopter in vertical and 43.32 diopter in horizontal. But, the left eye was 44.23 diopter in vertical and 43.24 diopter in horizontal. On the other hand, the right eye of the ages of 20 was 43.67 diopter in vertical and 43.62 diopter in horizontal. But, the left eye was 43.73 diopter in vertical and 43.6 diopter in horizontal. According to the corneal astigmatism axis style, the right eye of the ages of 19 have 83% positive for with the rule astigmatism, and 16% positive for against the rule astigmatism. But, the left eye of the ages of 19 have 86% positive for with the rule astigmatism, and 12% positive for against the rule astigmatism. On the other hand, the right eye of the ages of 19 have 56% positive for with the rule astigmatism, and 44 % positive for against the rule astigmatism. But, the left eye of the ages of 20 have 56% positive for with the rule astigmatism, and 41% positive for against the rule astigmatism. According to the diopter power of corneal astigmatism. The right eye of the ages of 19 have 36% positive for behind 1 diopter and left eye have 31%. But, the right and left eye of the ages of 20 have 37.5%. The right and left eye of the ages of 19 have 42% positive for 1 diopter, and the right eye of the ages of 20 have 34.4% positive for 1 diopter and the left eye have 43.8%. The right eye of the ages of 19 have 12% positive for 2 diopter and left eye have 22%. But, the right eye of the ages of 20 have 15.6% positive for 2 diopter and the left eye have 12%. The right eye of the ages of 19 have 4% positive for 3 diopter and left eye have 3%. But, the left eye of the ages of 20 have 3% positive for 3 diopter and the left eye have 6%. On the other hand, the right eye of ages of 19 have 6% positive over 4 diopter, and the left eye have 2%. But, the right eye of ages of 20 have only 9% positive over 4 diopter.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2007

Purpose : Tibial internal torsion is prevalent in East Asian countries such as Korea and Japan, where sitting on the floor is common behavior. Tibial internal torsion or excessive lateral tibial torsion may cause esthetical, functional, or psychological problems and also may induce degenerative arthritis in older age. The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Tibial Counter Rotator (TCR) in patients with tibial internal torsion. Method : One hundred forty nine children (274 limbs) with tibial internal torsion participated in this study. Transmalleolar angle were measured with gravity goniometer. When tibial internal torsion was detected, TCR was applied at least for 3 hours a day during sleep. The patient's progress was followed monthly and transmalleolar angle was reevaluated by the same examiner. Results : Transmalleolar angle was significantly increased in patients with tibial internal torsion during TCR application (P<0.001). Conclusion : TCR can be one of the effective methods for correcting tibial internal torsion in children under 12 years old of age.

• 건강소식
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.28-29
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• 2011

적절한 수면 시간은 자녀의 성장에 가장 중요한 요소다. 2~3세 아이들의 경우 12~14시간, 4~6세 사이의 아이들은 11~12시간, 7세 이후에는 매일 적어도 9~10시간의 수면시간이 필요하다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.411-415
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• 2005

Purpose : This study was performed to determine the developmental expression pattern of nerve growth factor(NGF) in the urine of healthy children. It was hypothesized that NGF may contribute to the development of the spinobulbospinal micturition reflex that represents the adult micturition pattern. Methods : Voided urine was collected in 60 healthy children during the first 5 years of life(0-1 month, n=10; 1 month-1 year, n=10; 2 years, n=10; 3 years, n=10; 4 years, n=10). The urinary NGF was analyzed by using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results were normalized based on creatinine or total protein in urine. Results : NGF was significantly greater among neonates compared to other age groups(P<0.05). NGF levels declined during 1 month to 1 year and increased by age 2 years. NGF levels at age 3 years were less than in neonates examined. When comparing the NGF levels according to continence in children over 1 year old, NGF levels were significantly lower in children with continence than in children with incontinence(P<0.05). Conclusion : These data suggest that NGF is involved in the achievement of continence and in mechanisms of bladder nerve growth and in the reorganization of bladder reflex pathway.

• The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.215-216
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• 2018

위암의 발병률이 감소하고 있기는 하지만 전 세계적으로 여전히 연 100만 명 이상이 새롭게 위암으로 진단되고 있으며, 앞으로 향후 몇십 년 동안은 인구의 고령화로 인하여 위암에 대한 사회적 경제적 부담이 줄어들지 않을 것으로 추측된다. 최근 메타분석에서 Helicobacter pylori 제균 치료가 위암발병을 33~47% 감소시킨다고 보고하였으나, 중국에서 시행된 무작위 대조 연구에서는 제균 치료가 위암의 전구 병변 감소에 도움이 되지 않았다고 보고하고 있어 위축성 위염이나 장상피화생을 동반한 경우 제균 치료가 위암 예방에 큰 도움이 되지 않을 수 있음을 제시하고 있다. 그렇다면 위축성 위염이 있는 경우가 많은 고령 환자에서는 과연 헬리코박터 제균 치료가 도움이 될 것인가? 저자들은 빅데이터 분석을 통해 헬리코박터 제균 치료가 위암 발병에 미치는 영향을 성별과 연령에 따라 분석하였다. 2003년부터 2012년까지 'Hospital Authority'에 등록된 clarithromycin 포함 3제 요법을 받은 환자들에서의 위암 발생률과 2003년부터 2013년까지 'Hong Kong Cancer Registry'에 등록된 성별과 연령이 일치된 대조군에서의 위암기대 발생률(expected incidence)을 비교하였다. 3제 요법을 받은 73,237명의 환자들을 확인하였을 때, 평균 7.6년의 추적기간 중 200명(0.27%)에서 위암이 발생하였다. 연령에 따라 40세 미만, 40~59세, 60세 이상의 그룹으로 나누어 각각 위암발생률을 대조군과 비교한 결과 60세 이상 환자군에서만 standardized incidence ratio (SIR)가 0.82로 감소하였다. 치료 성공여부에 따라 위암 발생률을 분석하였을 때, 제균 치료에 성공한 60세 이상 군에서 SIR이 0.78로 감소하였으나 재 치료를 받은 40~59세 군에서는 SIR이 2.43으로 증가하였다. 제균 치료시점이 위암 발생률에 미치는 영향으로는 제균 치료 후 10년 미만에서의 위암 발생률에는 큰 영향이 없었으나 10년 이상 경과한 경우 60세 이상 군과 40~59세 군에서의 위암 발병률이 대조군의 위암 예측 발병률보다 낮았다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 2008

Purpose : It has been previously reported that for patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia was previously recognized that overt illness is unusual under the age of three and the peak incidence of illness occurs in school-aged children. However, a higher incidence of this illness in younger children has been recently noted. Thus we investigated the incidence of M. pneumoniae pneumonia. Methods : The study subjects were 414 children who were diagnosed with M. pneumoniae pneumonia from January 2004 to December 2006 at Myong Ji Hospital were enrolled. The diagnostic criteria consisted of an anti-mycoplasma antibody (AMA) titer greater than 1: 320 or a four-fold rise in the titer at follow up. Results : The age distribution was as follows: before 2 years of age: 58 patients (14%), 2-4 years of age 157 patients (37.9%) and 5-15 years of age 199 patients (48.1%). The yearly incidence for the children before 5 years of age was 52 (44%), 49 (44.6%) and 114 (61.3%), respectively. The distribution according to the antibody titer was as follows; 1: 320 in 130 patients, 1:640 in 63 patients and greater than 1:1,280 in 221 patients. The hospital stay according to the antibody titer was not significant according to either age or the AMA titers. Conclusion : M. pneumoniae pneumonia showed a peak incidence in preschool children with a higher prevalence in children under the age of three than was previously recognized. The emergence of M. pneumoniae pneumonia as a cause of community acquired pneumonia in younger children calls for an epidemiologic study to investigate the changes of the pathogens in this age group and to recommend the proper treatment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.171-182
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate socioeconomic factors relating to obesity and inadequate nutrient intake in women in low income families residing in Seoul. The subjects were 125 women (aged 41-87 y) recruited from the local health center for free health examination for low income families. The socioeconomic status such as educational level, income level, and housing condition were poor. For subjects aged less than 65 years, the prevalence of obesity was 44% based on BMI (${\geq}\;25\;kg/m^2$), 48% based on WHR (${\geq}\;0.85$), and 50% based on waist circumference (${\geq}\;80\;cm$) and for those more than 65 years, these were greater and 57%, 81%, and 79%, respectively. The main food sources of daily diet were vegetables, grains, and fruits. Energy and other nutrient intake was not adequate for all subjects and the inadequacy was more profound in the elderly, showing percentages of subjects whose intake was less than EAR were greater than 50% for all nutrients except for iron and below RI were also greater than 50% for all nutrients. The prevalence of obesity and nutrient inadequacy were not associated with socioeconomic status in subjects aged less than 65 years, however, obesity was associated with household income and nutrient inadequacy was related to education (vitamin A) and housing status (protein, phosphate, and iron) in the elderly. After adjustment for ages, in the elderly, OR for obesity (BMI ${\geq}$ 25, OR = 12.601; 95% CI = 2.338-67.911) and central obesity (WC ${\geq}$ 80 cm, OR = 4.778; 95% CI = 1.103-20.696) were greater in subjects who earned less than 500 thousand Won per month than who earned more. For inadequate nutrient intake, the OR for inadequate intake of Vitamin A (OR = 4.555; 95% CI = 1.491-13.914) was greater in subjects with no education than those educated. Subjects without her own house had greater risk for inadequate intake for protein (OR = 3.660; 95% CI = 1.118-11.981), phosphate (OR = 3.428; 95% CI = 1.157-10.158), and iron (OR = 3.765; 95% CI = 1.205-11.766) than subjects possessing her house. In elderly females in low income families, the socioeconomic status was associated with the risk for obesity (income level) and inadequate nutrient intake (education level and housing status). More attention on these groups should be given for prevention of obesity and inadequate nutrient intake.