• 대한수의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 1985

The changes of acid-base status in vitro of the venous blood for 24 hours in ten Korean native goat were investigated. The acid-base parameters were measured within ten minutes after collection of the blood, and every hour during the first six hours and finally after twenty four hours of storage. Blood samples were stored at two different temperatures ($0-4^{\circ}C$ and $21-24^{\circ}C$). Twelve goats were induced acute acid-base disturbances by intravenous infusion of either hydrochloric acid or sodium bicarbonate and inhalated with $CO_2$ gas mixture (20% $CO_2$, 80% $O_2$) or hyperventilation were performed by means of respirator. The results were as follows; 1. Blood samples could be stored during the first two hours in ice water ($0-4^{\circ}C$) and one hour at room temperature without significant changes in pH. The magnitudes of changes were similar to those of cow, and lower than those of men and dogs. 2. The mean values of acid-base parameters in normal goat were arterial pH, 7.40; $P_{CO_2}$, 35.4mmHg; $HCO_3{^-}$, 21.8mEq/L. 3. Both the base excess and the bicarbonate showed high correlation (r=0.99) during the metabolic disturbance and were represented as $B.E.=1.38\;HCO^-{_3}-29.7$. 4. The slope of blood buffer curve obtained from the in vivo experiment was 16.3mEq/L/pH. 5. The magnitudes of changes in hydrogen ion concentration per unit change of $P_{CO_2}$ were 0.8nM/mmHg in hypercapnia and 1.0nM/mmHg in hypocapnia. 6. The ranges of acid-base parameters in normal goat urine were pH, 6.0-8.1; $P_{CO_2}$, 42-61mmHg; $HCO_3{^-}$, 2-110mEq/L. The concentration of potassium was higher (60-200mEq/L), and that of sodium was lower (8-70mEq/L) than those of human urine.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.75-77
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate optimal time of artificial insemination (AI) to Hanwoo female after natural estrus. AI was occurred 12 and 24 hours after natural estrus in both heifer and multiparous recipient then pregnancy and parturition rates were estimated. Results indicated that AI performed at 24 hours after natural estrus showed significant (p<0.05) higher pregnancy rate in both heifer and multiparous recipient groups with significantly (p<0.05) higher abortion rate. However, there are no significant differences of parturition rate, twin birth and sex ratio in both heifer and multiparous recipient groups. Therefore, our results may suggest that performance of AI at 24 hours after natural estrus promise higher pregnancy rate than AI at 12 hours after natural estrus in both heifer and multiparous recipient.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1999

배경: 정중액와 개흉술 및 근래에 많이 시술되는 비디오흉강경수술은 기존 개흉술과 달리 덜 침습적인 수술방법으로 절개 창상이 적으며, 수술 후 동통, 무기폐, 창상감염, 출혈 등이 적고, 입원기간이 단축되며, 미용면에서 유리한 점이 많아 일부 흉부질환에서 선호되는 시술이다. 대상 및 방법: 보라매병원에서는 기존 개흉술중 덜 침습적인 수술요법으로서의 정중액와 개흉술 30례와 비데오흉강경 수술 30례를 연령 18세에서 25세사이의 재발생 자연기흉에 대한 임상례에서 비교연구 하였다. 1992년 1월부터 1993년 12월까지 83명의 기흉수술환자중 18∼25세 사이 30명에 대한 정중액와 개흉술 제 I군과 1994년 1월부터 1995년 8월까지 101례의 비데오 흉강경수술중 56명의 기흉수술에서 18세부터 25세사이 30명 제 II군을 비교검토하였다. 결과: 1) 수술전 흉관거치기간은 제 I군은 2일에서 15일(평균 4.69 2.72일), 제 II군은 2일에서 12일(평균 4.60 2.87일)로서 통계적으로 의미가 없었으며, 2) 수술시간은 피부절개부터 피부봉합까지 제 I군은 40분에서 150분(평균 84.79 21.70분), 제 II군은 58분에서 120분(평균 108.82 42.02분)으로 통계적으로 의미가 있었으며(P<0.0001), 3) 수술후 24시간 흉관배액은 제 I군에서 65 ml부터 400 ml(평균 220.76 106.73 ml), 제 II군에서 70 ml부터 320 ml(평균 260.63 233.18 ml)로서 통계적으로 의미가 없었으며, 4) 수술후 24시간 요구된 Tarasyn 진통제 용량이 제 I군은 0앰플에서 5앰플(평균 1.38 1.32앰플)이며, 제 II군은 0앰플에서 4앰플(평균 0.72 1.02 앰플) 로 통계적으로 의미가 있었으며(P<0.05), 5) 수술후 흉관 거치기간은 제 I군은 3일에서 17일(평균 5.45 3.09일), 제 II군은 2일에서 14일(평균 4.75 3.1일)로서 통계적 의미가 없었다. 6) 수술후 사용한 자동봉합기는 제 I군은 0개에서 3개(평균 1.31 0.06개), 제 II군은 0개에서 11개(평균 3.41 2.37개)로서 통계적 의미가 있었다(P<0.0001). 7) 수술후 합병증은 제 I군에서 12일이상 공기누출이 2례 있었고(6.6%), 제 II군에서는 없었다. 8) 수술후 기흉재발율은 제 I, 제 II군 각각 1례씩 있었다(3.3%). 결론: 이상의 비교검토결과 18세부터 25세 사이의 재발성기흉환자에 있어서 비디오흉강경 수술요법은 정중액와 개흉술에 비하여, 통계적으로 의미있게, 수술시간이 길고, 자동봉합기 사용량이 많고, 수술후 진통제 사용량이 적었으며, 나머지 상기비교지수에서는 통계적으로 차이가 없었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.483-487
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 발아에 의해 콩의 단백질 용해도, 거품형성능, 유화력 및 유화안정성, 수분 및 유지 흡착력에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 발아콩분말은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 12, 24시간 동안 발아시킨 후 $60^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 건조하여 60 mesh로 마쇄하여 제조하였다. pH 2-12에서의 콩단백질의 용해도를 측정한 결과 pH 4에서 용해도가 가장 낮았으며, 그 이하, 이상의 pH에서는 증가하였다. 특히 pH 2와 10에서는 발아콩분말이 비발아콩분말보다 용해도가 낮게 나타났다. 거품형성능에 대한 발아의 영향을 조사한 결과는 pH 2와 12에서의 발아콩분말이 비발아콩분말보다 낮은 거품형성능을 나타낸 반면 30-120분간 정치시켜 측정한 거품안정성은 오히려 높았다. 콩분말의 각 pH 별 유화형성능 및 안정성을 알아본 결과 pH 10-12에서 발아콩분말이 비발아콩분말보다 값이 높았다. 수분흡착력은 발아에 의해 증가하였으나 유지흡착력은 감소하였다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.383-392
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with smartphone overdependency in preschool children based on an analysis of mother, child, and their mutual dyadic relationships. Methods: Data were collected from 171 mothers of preschool children enrolled at daycare centers and kindergartens from January to March 2018. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance with $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ post hoc test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS version 24. Results: The self regulation of preschool children (${\beta}=-.358$, p<.001) was the factor most closely associated with smartphone overdependency. The second most closely associated factor was children's use of a smartphone 0.5-1 hour daily (${\beta}=-.249$, p=.005). Additional associated factors were mothers' use of a smartphone for 3-4 hours daily (${\beta}=.217$, p=.002), children's use of a smartphone for less than 0.5 hour daily (${\beta}=-.212$, p=.006), and children's use of a smartphone for 1-2 days per week (${\beta}=-.205$, p=.026). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to try to develop guidelines and programs to prevent smart phone overdependency in preschool children.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2006

Numerous reports have evaluated the predictive ability of carcass probes for meat quality using measurements taken early postmortem or near 24 h. The intervening time period, however, has been largely ignored. In this study, the capacity of three probes [pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and grading probe light reflectance (GP)] to predict pork longissimus muscle quality (drip and cooking losses, Warner-Bratzler shear, $L^*$, n = 30) was evaluated at 45 min, 90 min, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postmortem. The strongest relationships were observed between cooking loss and 6 h EC and GP ($R^2$ = 0.66, 0.72), and $L^*$ and GP ($R^2$ = 0.57-0.66, 12-48 h). pH was most valuable early postmortem ($R^2$ = 0.63, 90 min with cooking loss). GP at 6 h most effectively ($R^2$ = 0.84) predicted a two factor (cooking loss+$L^*$) meat quality index. Results emphasize the predictive value of measures taken between 3 and 12 h postmortem.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.646-651
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• 2000

$TiO_2$ 촉매 하에 염료 Mordant Yellow-12를 광촉매 분해하였다. 이때 사용한 광원은 각각 15-W, 21-W와 26-W 형광 램프를 이용하였다. 분해 정도는 자외선-가시광선 분광기와 pH 메타를 이용하였다. 실험 결과 반응 1시간 후에 각 광원에 따라 각각 17%, 24%, 34% 이상의 분해를 보였고 완전히 분해되는데는 각각 3, 4, 5시간 걸렸다. pH의 변화는 흡광도의 변화와 같이 급격한 결과를 나타내지 않았다. 분해 반응 속도는 15-W 보다 26-W에서 2배의 빠를 분해 반응속도를 보였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1075-1084
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigated the changes in the nutrient components ($NO_3{^-}-N$, $NH_4{^+}-N$, $PO_4{^{3-}}P$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$) and environmental parameters (electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and pH) on the leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown with hydroponics. Recirculating hydroponic cultivation system was consisted of planting port, LED lamp, water tank, and circulating pump for hydroponic. Nutrient solution was used in the standard solution for Japan vegetables experimental station and commercial hydroponic. The result showed that electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and pH, depending on the growth of lettuce decreased continuously. With the growth of the lettuce, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus were required for periodic replacement. The number of pH compensation due to the growth of lettuce are the most high. The concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ during the lettuce growth showed no significant change. However, $K^+$ concentration increased due to the replacement with nitrogen and phosphorus. Electric conductivity and total dissolved solids with total nutrient concentration showed the linear relationship and the correlation coefficient $R^2$ were 0.8601 and the 0.827, respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.159-164
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• 1991

토양수분(土壤水分) 조건을 달리하였을 때 토양(土壤)에 시용한 양분(養分)이 작물(作物) 생육시기별(生育時期別)로 어떻게 이동(移動)하는가를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 본양(本良) 사양토(砂壤土) (Typic Udifluvents)에서 Ladino clover를 공시작물(供試作物)로 하여 microplot(D 20cm, L 85cm)시험(試驗)을 수행하였다. 토양수분장력(土壤水分張力)을 0.2, 1.0, 5.0 bar, 및 무관수의 4수준으로 하였을때 염소(鹽素) 이온의 하향(下向)이동은 토양수분(土壤水分) 조건이 좋을수록 빠르게 진행되어 관수점(灌水点) 0.2bar 처리구에서는 5.5개월후에는 모든 처리구에서 microplot 내 토층(土層)에서 Cl이온은 검출되지 않았다. 공시토양(供試土壤)은 유효인산(有效燐酸)함량이 매우높고 사질(砂質)임에도 인산비료(燐酸肥料)로 용과린을 사용하였기 때문에 인산(燐酸) 시용량이 많으며, 관수량이 많았으나 인산(燐酸)이 거의 이동(移動)되지 않아 시용 인산(燐酸)의 대부분이 시비지점(施肥地點)에 분포되어 있었다. 토양수분장력(土壤水分張力)이 낮게 유지된 구의 토양(土壤)일수록 유효태(有效態)로 침출되는 인산(燐酸)이 많고 식물체(植物體)에 의하여 흡수되는 양도 증가 하였다. 최종수확기(最終收穫期)에 무관계구에서는 시용(施用) 인산(燐酸)의 13%가 유효태(有效態)로 침출되고 14%가 작물(作物)에 흡수되었는데 비해 관수점(灌水点) 0.2bar 처리구에서는 24%가 침출되고 23%가 작물(作物)에 의해 흡수(吸收)되었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1993

These experiments were carried out to determine the effect of pregnancy in bisected embryo. The embryos of ICR mouse were microsurgically bisected at morula and blastocyst stage using microsurgical blade attached a micromanipulator. These bisected embryos without zona pellucida were cultured up to blastocyst stage and cell count and diameter of stained blastomere, and transferred pseudopregnant mice. And the development of these bisected embryos was compared with the results of production of young of the corresponding intact embryos or cell stage. When the bisected mouse embryos were cultured in vitro for 20 to 24 hours in morula stage(77.2%) or 3 to 6 hours in blastocyst stage(84.1%), them were developed to the expanded blastocyst stage. There were no significant(P<0.05) differences in the development rate of bisected embryos between in morula and blastocyst stages. The embryo size of blastocyst developed in vitro from bisected embryo was small(P<0.05)than intact embryo. However, the number of blastomeres with bisected embryo (24.7+1.3and 21.5+1.2 respectively) were significantly(P<0.05) reduced, compared with that of intacted embryos(36.3+1.1 and 41.4+1.2 respectively). When compared with the result of pregnancy rate(63.6%) after surgical transfer of bisected morulae, a similar result(65.4%) was obtained with bisected blastocyst stage(P< 0.05). However, production of youngs (38.8%) after transfer of bisected morula, a similar result (38.1%) was obtained with bisected blastocyst stage (P<0.05).