• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.259-267
• /
• 1996

In order to evaluate the effect of viral load on the prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals, immune complex dissociated (ICD) serum p24 antigen (p24) by acid treatment was retrospectively measured for 50 HIV-infected patients for 60 months. Among them, 27 patients were p24 positive (p24+) above 25pg/ml for $40.4{\pm}12$ months and 23 patients were negative (p24-). Follow-up periods from HIV diagnosis were $63.0{\pm}19$ months (range; 40-112) for the p24+ and $68.4{\pm}19$ months (range; 38-106) for the p24-, respectively (P>0.05)Mean CD4+T cell counts in the p24+ group decreased from $473{\pm}$277/ul (median;373) to $157{\pm}150/ul$ (median; 111) for $60{\pm}16$ months (5.3/month P280/ul (median; 476) to $432{\pm}285/ul$ (median;382) for $63{\pm}19$ months (2.5/month, P<0.01). From CD4+T cell count >200/ul, the patient who progressed to AIDS of <200/ul were 13 of 23 (56%) in the p24+ and 4 of 22 (18%) in p24-, respectively (p<0.01). And the number of death in two groups were 6 (22%) and 1 (4%), respectively (p<0.01). Presumed survival in two groups were about 12 and 24.5 years. These data suggest that viral load itself be very important for the prognosis of HIV-infected patients.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.233-238
• /
• 2002

Meat quality of the domestic pork loins(n=537) classified by 3 groups(5.31-5.50, 5.51-5.70 and $\geq$5.71) according to pH at 24hr post-mortem(pH24) was investigated. In proximate chemical compositions, protein was highest and fat was lowest in the pork loins of pH24 5.31-5.50 group. Water holding capacity increased as pH24 increased, whereas purge loss and cooking loss decreased as pH24 increased. Meat color values(CIE L*, a*, b*, Chroma, Hue and $\Delta$E) decreased as $pH_{24}$ increased. In texture traits, hardness and chewiness were lowest and fat hardness was highest in the pork loins of $pH_{24}{\geq}$5.71 group when compared to the other $pH_{24}$ groups. However, Warner-Bratzler Shear force, springiness and cohesiveness were not significantly different among the pH24 groups(P>0.05). In sensory properties, juiciness and tenderness were highest in $pH_{24}{\geq}$5.71 group. From the results of this study, pork quality was highly related to $pH_{24}$. Therefore, the factors affecting the post-mortem pH, such as stress before slaughter, slaughtering methods, and cooling condition slaughter must be properly controlled and improved to produce high quality pork.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.233-243
• /
• 1998

Purpose : To evaluate the effects of X-irradiation on prenatal deaths, i.e., preimplantation deaths, embryonic deaths and fetal deaths, and on external malformations in precompacted preimplantation ddy mice Materials and Methods : Pregnant mice (n=85) obtained by limiting the mating time to from 6 to 9 A.M., were segregated into 11 groups. The first five groups (n=26) were irradiated with X-ray doses of 0.1 0.5, 0.75, 1.5, and 3 Gy, respectively, at 24 h post conception (p.c.) of the preimplantation Period. The second five (n=27) groups were irradiated at the same X-ray doses, respectively, but at 48 h p.c. of the preimplantation period. The last group (n=32) was the control group. The uterine contents were examined on the 18th day of gestation for prenatal deaths and external malformations. Results : 1) A statistically significant increase in preimplantation deaths with increasing dose was observed in the experimental groups irradiated at 24 h p.c. and in the groups irradiated at 48 h p.c., as compared to the control group. The threshold dose was close to 0.05 Gy and 0.075 Gy for the irradiations at 24 h p.c. and 48 h p.c. respectively. 2) A statistically significant increase in embryonic deaths with increasing dose was observed in all irradiation groups, except the group irradiated with a dose of 0.1 Gy at 48 h p.c.. 3) No fetal deaths were found in any experimental group. 4) In the experimental groups irradiated at 24 h p.c. anomalies increased with statistical significance, as compared with the control group : 2 exencephalies, 2 open eyelids, 3 anophthalmias, 2 cleft Palates, 2 gastroschisis, 1 abdominal wall defect. 1 leg defect, and 2 short tail anomalies: the threshold dose for external malformations was close to 0.2 Gy at 24 h p.c.. In the groups irradiated at 48 h p.c., 1 open eyelid and 2 short tail anomalies were observed, but there was no statistical significance in those malformations. Conclusion : The results of this study reveal that X-irradiation of precompacted preimplantation ddy mice causes not only preimplantation deaths and embryonic deaths but also external malformations. In addition, external malformations were observed in our experiments at diagnostic doses, including 0.1 and 0.5 Gy. For this reason, we recommend that irradiation should be avoided during the preimplantation period by applying Rugh's 10-day rule.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.150-156
• /
• 2008

Purpose : Many results have reported a correlation between the spot urine protein/creatinine ratio(P/C ratio) and 24-hour urinary protein(24UP) amount. This study was designed to evaluated correlation between 24UP amounts and P/C ratio in children and to find the factors that affect this correlation. Methods : 210 patients who visited the Department of Pediatrics in Busan Paik Hospital from september 2003 to december 2007 were included in this study. All the patients were divided into I, II, III/A, B, C group[I:24UP(mg/$m^2$/day)]<100, II: 100$\leq$24UP<1,000, III: 24UP$\geq$1,000, A: Cr excretion(mg/kg)<15, B: 15$\leq$Cr excretion<25, C: Cr excretion$\geq$25)]. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between 24UP and P/C ratio to evaluate the relationship. We defined fractional difference between 24UP and P/C ratio, and then performed multiple regression analysis. Results : There was a strong positive linear correlation between 24UP and P/C ratio in all patients, and the correlation was also good in each group. The factors affecting accurate quantitation of proteinuria using spot urine P/C ratio was creatinine excretion. Conclusion : Spot urine P/C ratio is a useful test to predict proteinuria roughly. Therefore, we expect that urine P/C ratio can be used as parameter instead of 24UP, if we set cutoff value of P/C ratio considered to creatinine excretion according to age and sex in large pediatric population.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
• /
• v.28 no.B
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 2008

From the extensive screening for small cryptic plasmid among about 23 lactic acid bacteria (LAB), 2.4 kb of cryptic plasmid was isolated from Lactobacillus farciminis strain KCTC 3681 and named as pLF24. The plasmid pLF24 was a circular molecule of 2,396 base-pairs in length with a G+C content of 38%. Two protein-coding sequences could be predicted. ORF1 and ORF2 showed homologies to plasmids of gram-positive bacteria. The replication protein coded by ORF2 and the plus origin, were similar to replication regions of other gram-positive bacteria as shown in plasmids such as pLH2, pLS141-1 and pLC2. The nucleotide sequence of pLF24 was deposited into Genbank data base with an accession number of EU429343. The newly isolated plasmid can be used for construction of shuttle vector in Lactobacillus bacteria.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.547-555
• /
• 2020

Objective: Apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) affects mammalian follicular development and fecundity. This study aimed to explore the regulatory relationship between microRNA-26a (miR-26a) and the 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24-reductase gene (DHCR24) gene in porcine follicular granular cells (pGCs), and to provide empirical data for the development of methods to improve the reproductive capacity of pigs. Methods: The pGCs were transfected with miR-26a mimic, miR-26a inhibitor and DHCR24-siRNA in vitro. The cell apoptosis rate of pGCs was detected by the flow cytometry. The secretion levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in pGCs were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Double luciferase validation system was used to detect the binding sites between miR-26a and DHCR24 3'-UTR region. Qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to verify the DHCR24 mRNA and protein expression in pGCs, respectively, after transfecting with miR-26a mimic and miR-26a inhibitor. Results: Results showed that enhancement of miR-26a promoted apoptosis, and inhibited E2 and P secretion in pGCs. Meanwhile, inhibition of DHCR24 also upregulated the Caspase-3 expression, reduced the BCL-2 expression, promoted pGCs apoptosis, and inhibited E2 and P secretion in pGCs. There were the binding sites of miR-26a located within DHCR24 3'-UTR. Up-regulation of miR-26a inhibited DHCR24 mRNA and protein expression in pGCs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that miR-26a can promote cell apoptosis and inhibit E2 and P secretion by inhibiting the expression of DHCR24 in pGCs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.46 no.12
• /
• pp.1242-1247
• /
• 2003

Purpose : Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is known as one of the most common causes of chronic cough, especially in children. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of parameters from proximal esophageal 24-hr pH monitoring through its comparison with those of distal esophageal 24-hr pH monitoring that we generally use for diagnosis of GERD. Methods : We performed chest CT scans to find out the cause of chronic cough in infants with no clinical manifestation suggesting GERD. Then, in case that they had air space consolidation in posterior segment of both upper lobes and superior segment of both lower lobes(dependent position), we performed proximal and distal esophageal 24-hr pH monitoring. Results : The proximal and distal pH monitoring were performed in 17 infants(male 12; female five). The patients with positive pathologic reflux in proximal esophagus were 15 of 17(88.2%) and in distal esophagus were four of 17(23.5%). Reflux index and the total number of reflux episodes were statistically significantly lower in the proximal than in the distal esophagus(P<0.05). There was no correlation between each parameters of proximal and distal esophageal 24-hr pH monitoring. Conclusion : This study suggests that proximal esophageal 24-hr pH monitoring can be used as a very useful diagnostic tool in infants with chronic cough in which there are suspicions that it resulted from aspiration due to GERD.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.381-389
• /
• 2004

To investigate changes of multi-purpose solutions for soft contact lens(MPS) depending on using period or keeping temperature, we evaluate four brands of MPS. No significant difference was seen in protein deposit removing efficacy after samples had used for 24 weeks and kept at $4^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ or $30^{\circ}C$. The pH values of the samples of 4 brands measured weekly over the 24 week testing period. The initial average pH value of samples were 7.0, 7.5, 7.6 or 8.2. One brand of MPS was in the range of the threshold for ocular awareness, which is outside the zone of 6.6 ~ 7.8. During the testing period, the pH value were decreased in using period-dependent manner. At the 24th week, the average pH values of samples turned to 6.6, 7.2, 7.2 or 7.7. However, the difference of keeping temperature was not associated with decreased levels of pH values. After 24 weeks, one of total 36 samples was contaminated by bacteria. Furthermore, the change of components was shown after 24 weeks in the analysis using thin layer chromatography and the analysis of UV absorption pattern. The results of our study provides that the keeping temperature of MPS is not the important factor of changes of MPS, but the using period of MPS can cause contact lens wearers discomfort.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2012

Let $E_A^B$ denote the elliptic curve $E_A^B:y^2=x^3+Ax+B$. In this paper, we calculate the number of points on elliptic curves $E_A^0:y^2=x^3+Ax$ over $\mathbb{F}_p$ mod 24. For example, if $p{\equiv}1$ (mod 24) is a prime, $3t^2{\equiv}1$ (mod p) and A(-1 + 2t) is a quartic residue modulo p, then the number of points in $E_A^0:y^2=x^3+Ax$ is congruent to 0 modulo 24.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 1999

The effect of storage temperature and time on the contents of metal (Pb, Sn and Fe), vitamin C, color and pH was studied for canned pineapple juice (PJ) and pineapple slice (PS) which were stored for 120 hours at 5 and 2$0^{\circ}C$ and analyzed at 24 hours intervals. The results are as follows; 1. The metal contents of PJ and PS were in the rank of 24<48<72<96<120 hours by storage time at 5 and 2$0^{\circ}C$. These contents were increased to 44.1%/24 hrs of Ph, 18.0%/24 hrs of Sn, 34.6%/24 hrs of Fe but decreased to 6.0%/24 hrs of vitamin C in PJ and PS during 120 hrs. Storage times were correlation to contents of metal and pH but was not correlation to vitamin C contents. These were increased to 37.7%/24 hrs of Pb, 18.8%/24 hrs of Sn, 34.6%/24 hrs of Fe, but decreased to 6.0%/24 hrs of vitamin C. 2. These were increased to 10.6% of Pb, 3.7% of Sn, 11.3% of Fe in PJ and to 33.7% of Pb, 4.8% of Sn, 37.6% of Fe in PS at 2$0^{\circ}C$ than 5$^{\circ}C$ but vitamin C contents were decreased to 8.2% in PJ and 2.7% in PS at 2$0^{\circ}C$ than 5$^{\circ}C$. This fact suggests that more attention be paid in handling canned PJ and PS after opening in order to avoid the decreasing vitamin C and the hazard from Pb, Sn, Fe. 3. Changing factors in Pb, Sn, Fe and vatiamin C content were in the rank of storage temperature$0^{\circ}C$.