• Title/Summary/Keyword: 2D-MUSIC

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Long Term Average Spectrum Characteristics of Head and Chest Register Sounds of Western Operatic Singers : Extended Study (성악다들의 목소리에 대한 Long Term Average Spectrum 분석 -$2^{nd}$ Singer's Formant의 존재 가능성에 대하여-)

  • Ban, Jae-Ho;Kwon, Young-Kyung;Jin, Sung-Min
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.31-36
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    • 2004
  • Background and Objectives : It has been shown that the epilaryngeal tube in the human airway is responsible for vocal ring, or the singer's formant. In previous study, authors showed that in trained tenors, besides the conventional singer's formant in the region of ,5500Hz, another energy peak was observed in the region of 8,000Hz. This peak was interpreted as the second resonance of the epilarynx tube. Singers in other voice categories who produce vocal ring are assumed to have the same peak, but no measurements have as yet been made. Materials and Methods : Fifteen tenors, fourteen baritones, seven sopranos and five mezzo sopranos attending the music college, department of vocal music who could reliably produce the head and chest registers were chosen for this study. Each subject was asked to produce an/ah/sound for at least three seconds for the head register sound(tenors ; G4, barions ; E4 sopranos ; F5 and mezzosopranos ; C5) and for the chest register sound (tenors ; C3, baritones ; D3, sopranos ; D4 and Mezzosoprano ; A3). The sound data was analyzed using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based power spectrum, Long term average(LTA) power spectrum using the FFT algorithm of the Computerized Speech Lab (CSL, Kay elemetrics, Model 4300B, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test of the Statistical Package for Social sciences(SPSS). Results : For head register sounds, a significant increase was seen in the 2,200-3,400Hz region(p<0.05) and the Similar to the head register sounds, there was a significant increase in energy in the four trained singer group compared with the untrained group in the 2,200-3,100Hz region(p<0.05), the 7,800-8,400Hz region(p<0.05) for the chest register sounds. Conclusions : When good vocal production was made for the head and chest registers, an energy peak was observed near 2,500Hz, a frequency already known as the "singer's formant', in all subjects in the study group. Another region of increased energy was observed around 8,000Hz that had not been noticed previously. The authors believe this region to be the second singer's formant.

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Comparisons between Dancing Costumes Style of Kokurye and Han dynasty (漢代와 고구려의 長袖衣 무용복 비교)

  • 윤지원
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.50 no.5
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    • pp.41-52
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    • 2000
  • During the 3C(B.C.) and 2C(A.D.), there were large influx of variety of arts to Jin and Han dynasty such as music, dancing, and at performing from neighboring countries. It made a tremendous impact on the development of dancing an in Han dynasty. On the other hand, Kokurye people had also enjoyed their own singing and dancing culture (styles) for a long time. Han and Kokurye's dancing costumes were studied based on artifacts (data) such as wall paintings, clay doll, and other small paintings all from tombs in Han and Kokurye. A similarity was found between two dynasties' dancing costume, since both had tong sleeve dresses. However, the further detailed study showed that one can't simply say both are in the same style. For example, the dress in Han dynasty had a long length style of coat(深衣) covering all the way to feet, and there were round neckline coat(團領) and long Jacket(장유). In contrast, that of Kokurye had a shorter length in coat(直領) covering only up to calf of the leg or long jacket(장유).

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Digital Watermarking Using Psychoacoustic Model

  • Poomdaeng, S.;Toomnark, S.;Amornraksa, T.
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2002.07b
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    • pp.872-875
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    • 2002
  • A digital watermarking technique applying psychoacoustic model for audio signal is proposed in this paper. In the watermarking scheme, the pseudo-random bit stream used as a watermark signal is embedded into the audio signal in both speech and music. The strength of the embedded signal is subject to the human auditory system in such a way that the disturbances on host audio signal are beyond the sensing of human ears. The experimental results show that the quality of the watermarked audio signal, in term of signal to noise ratio, can be improved up to 3.2 dB.

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Implementation of Non-Contact Gesture Recognition System Using Proximity-based Sensors

  • Lee, Kwangjae
    • Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.106-111
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    • 2020
  • In this paper, we propose the non-contact gesture recognition system and algorithm using proximity-based sensors. The system uses four IR receiving photodiode embedded on a single chip and an IR LED for small area. The goal of this paper is to use the proposed algorithm to solve the problem associated with bringing the four IR receivers close to each other and to implement a gesture sensor capable of recognizing eight directional gestures from a distance of 10cm and above. The proposed system was implemented on a FPGA board using Verilog HDL with Android host board. As a result of the implementation, a 2-D swipe gesture of fingers and palms of 3cm and 15cm width was recognized, and a recognition rate of more than 97% was achieved under various conditions. The proposed system is a low-power and non-contact HMI system that recognizes a simple but accurate motion. It can be used as an auxiliary interface to use simple functions such as calls, music, and games for portable devices using batteries.

Optimization of State-Based Real-Time Speech Endpoint Detection Algorithm (상태변수 기반의 실시간 음성검출 알고리즘의 최적화)

  • Kim, Su-Hwan;Lee, Young-Jae;Kim, Young-Il;Jeong, Sang-Bae
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.2 no.4
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    • pp.137-143
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, a speech endpoint detection algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm is a kind of state transition-based ones for speech detection. To reject short-duration acoustic pulses which can be considered noises, it utilizes duration information of all detected pulses. For the optimization of parameters related with pulse lengths and energy threshold to detect speech intervals, an exhaustive search scheme is adopted while speech recognition rates are used as its performance index. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the baseline state-based endpoint detection algorithm. At 5 dB input SNR for the beamforming input, the word recognition accuracies of its outputs were 78.5% for human voice noises and 81.1% for music noises.

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Influence of Beat Interval of Rhythm in Music on Heart Rate Variability and Comfort (음악 리듬의 비트 간격 변화가 심박변동 및 쾌적감에 미치는 영향)

  • 정재선;이창미;고한우;김종원
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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    • 1999.11a
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    • pp.227-232
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    • 1999
  • 본 논문은 음악 리듬의 비트간의 간격의 변화가 사람의 심박동 및 쾌적감에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 음악 리듬의 박자를 규칙적인 다섯 단계의 변화를 적용하여 평가했다. 평가 항목으로는 (1) LF성분에 많은 영향을 보이는 심박동의 전력스펙트럼 분석과 (2) S.D.법으로 심리적 평가항목을 수행하였다. 실험 결과는, 박자의 변동이 일정한 정박자 리듬에서는 생체에 특이한 변화가 나타나지 않았지만 박자의 변동이 변화하는 리듬에서는 LF성분이 증가함으로 긴장과 불안이 유발됨을 알 수 있었다. 추가적으로 심박변동의 스펙트럼 분석를 통하여 얻을 수 있는 LF와 HF 성분사이의 비를 조사함으로 심리학적 불안을 평가하는 가능성을 제안한다.

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A Music Retrieval Scheme based on Fuzzy Inference on Musical Mood and Emotion (음악 무드와 감정의 퍼지 추론을 기반한 음악 검색 기법)

  • Jun, Sang-Hoon;Rho, Seung-Min;Hwang, Een-Jun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.51-53
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    • 2008
  • 최근 오디오 압축 기술의 발전에 힘입은 디지털 음원과 웹 스트리밍의 보급으로, 사용자가 음악 정보에 손쉽게 접할 수 있게 되었다. 이에 따라 음악을 보다 쉽고 효율적인 방법으로 검색하는 방법뿐 아니라 사용자의 환경에 따라 적절한 음악을 검색할 수 있는 기능의 필요성이 증가하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 음악의 특징에 따라 분류된 데이터베이스를 사용하고, 사용자의 감정을 분석하여 적절한 음악을 검색하는 시스템을 제안한다. 본 시스템은 사용자의 감정 입력을 효율적으로 처리하기 위한 방법으로 Thayer의 2D emotional space를 적용하여 Valence-Arousal model의 두 가지의 입력을 처리한다. 가장 적합한 음악의 정보를 얻기 위해 사용된 Fuzzy Inference System의 IF-THEN 규칙을 정의하기 위하여 언어적으로 정의된 기존의 음악 감정 연구 결과를 적용하였고, 도출된 결과와 가장 유사도가 깊은 음악을 우선적으로 검색하도록 설계하였다. 이와 같이 구현된 시스템의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 사용자 설문조사를 수행하였다.

Noise Exposure Levels for the Middle and the High School Students using Headsets in the PC Rooms (PC방(게임방)에서 헤드셋을 착용한 중•고등학생의 소음 노출수준)

  • Shin, Jaewoo;Kim, Hyunwook
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.135-143
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to measure the exposure levels to noise for the middle and the high school students who worn headsets in the PC rooms. The noise levels from the headsets were measured with noise dosimeters, and the statistical relationships between the utilization pattern, user's views on the PC rooms and it's environment were analyzed for the selected PC rooms in the Ahnshan area. The results were as follows; 1. No significant difference was found in the number of uses and average time spent per day by education level and by sex of the users(p>0.05). 2. No statistical significant difference was found between the contents selected by education level of the users (p>0.05). The male participants overwhelmingly enjoyed the PC games (98.3 %) while females selected for listening music (75.0 %) with significant difference(P<0.05), followed by browsing internet and PC communications (70.0 %), PC game (66.7 %) and chatting (33.3 %). 3. The actual noise measurements of the headsets worn by the users of different sexes and educational backgrounds produced no differences(p>0.05), while a significant difference was found between genders (p<0.05). 4. For sound pressure level measurements, the weighted average(Lavg) of 84.5 dB(A) on the left headsets exceeded that of 79.8 dB(A) on the right headsets significantly(p<0.01) and the maximum value of 96.9 dB(A) on the left headsets exceeded the maximum value of 93.5 dB(A) on the right headsets(p<0.01). 5. The actual noise measurements of the headsets worn by the users of different sexes and educational backgrounds produced no differences(p>0.05), however, the contents selected by the users with different educational backgrounds were noted with significant difference(p<0.05) while no difference was found by gender(p>0.05).

Augmented Reality Game Interface Using Hand Gestures Tracking (사용자 손동작 추적에 기반한 증강현실 게임 인터페이스)

  • Yoon, Jong-Hyun;Park, Jong-Seung
    • Journal of Korea Game Society
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.3-12
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    • 2006
  • Recently, Many 3D augmented reality games that provide strengthened immersive have appeared in the 3D game environment. In this article, we describe a barehanded interaction method based on human hand gestures for augmented reality games. First, feature points are extracted from input video streams. Point features are tracked and motion of moving objects are computed. The shape of the motion trajectories are used to determine whether the motion is intended gestures. A long smooth trajectory toward one of virtual objects or menus is classified as an intended gesture and the corresponding action is invoked. To prove the validity of the proposed method, we implemented two simple augmented reality applications: a gesture-based music player and a virtual basketball game. In the music player, several menu icons are displayed on the top of the screen and an user can activate a menu by hand gestures. In the virtual basketball game, a virtual ball is bouncing in a virtual cube space and the real video stream is shown in the background. An user can hit the virtual ball with his hand gestures. From the experiments for three untrained users, it is shown that the accuracy of menu activation according to the intended gestures is 94% for normal speed gestures and 84% for fast and abrupt gestures.

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A Study on Anjoon-gut Music in Daejeon - Focused on Sir Shin Seok-bong's Antaek-gut Music- (대전의 앉은굿 음악 연구 - 신석봉 법사의 안택굿을 중심으로 -)

  • Park, Hye-jeong
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.38
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    • pp.5-42
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    • 2005
  • Based on a field investigation of intangible cultural asset # 2, author Sir Shin Seok-bong of Daejeon Metropolitan Cityinvestigated the music of Antaek-gut, which is the base and core of Anjoon-gut, and found the following musical features: A Jang-gu(drum) and Kkoaengkwari(gong) were used to recitethe Sutra(kyungmoon) of Anjoon-gut. The Jang-gu, located on the right side, played an accompaniment role with regular beats when the Sutra was recited. The Kkoaengkwari, located on the left side, played the role of covering the caesura of the Sutra passages, so it is played with various rhythmic variations in accordance with Kojang(鼓杖). This is one way of playing Korean national classical music that has temporary caesuras, depending on the rector's bre! ath or the contents of a Sutra during the Sutra chanting, with the Jang-gu covering the pause with its variation. In other words, when being played in concert, the instruments that play the main melody are at rest while another instrument takes its turn to play the main melody as a form of prolonged sound. The rhythmic cycles of the sutras of Antaek-gut recited with this instrumental accompaniment consist of five types; a) Woemarch-jangdan (a single beat) of 4 meter by 3 bit, b) Dumarch-jangdan (two beats) of 8 meter by 3 bit, c) Saemarch-jangdan (three beats) of 4 meter by 3 bit with a fast tempo, d) Mak-gojang, uniform beats with a standardized rhythm, and e) incomplete beats deviated from the regular beats. Sir Shin Seok-bong chanted Chang (唱), a traditional native song which he called 'Cheong (淸)' with a cycle of 'Dumarch-jangdan' throughout the places of Antaek-gut. Only 'Toesonggyung' a chant for the gate that was the last location of the Antaek, was chanted with a cycle of 'Woemarch-jan! gdan'. In addition, 'Saemarch-jangdan' and 'Mak-gojang' that had comparatively faster tempos than the former two jangdans, were played without a chant when a female shaman was dancing and catching her spirit-invoking wand. The 'Saemarch-jangdan', particularly, was played while dancing began at a relatively slow tempo, then proceeded at a violent tempo and then back again to the slow tempo. This shows one of the representative tempos of our music with a slow-fast-slow tempo. The organizational tones were 'mi-la-do'-re'', and its key tones of 'mi-la-do'' were performed with perfect fourth and minor third, which was the same as those of Menari-tori. However, it did not show a typical Sigimse, an ornamental tone, of Menari-tory, whose first tone, 'mi', is vibrated and its Sigimse is gliding down from the tone 're' to 'do'. That is because the regional tone-tori of Chungcheong-do have a relatively weaker musical expression than that of Gyeongsang-do. In addition, the rhythmic types in accordance with the words of a song for the Antaek-gut music had a comparatively faster tempo than the other sutras. Also, it was only with 'Toesonggyeong' that the tone 'la' continuously appeared throughout the melody and showed 'a syllabic rhythm', while other places consisted of either a 'syncopation' or 'melismatic' rhythm. Finally, according to a brief investigation of the tone organization in accordance with each sutra, the tone 'la' was given more weight. The tone procedure showed a mainly ascending 'la-do'' and the descending 'la-mi' with minor third and perfect fourth. Also, the overall tempo proceeded with M.M.♩.=116-184, while the tempo for the Gut proceeded with M.M.♩.=120-140, which was suitable for reciting a Sutra.