• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.513-524
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• 1993

mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic effects of $\beta$-glucan remain unclear. Rats were divided into 3 groups ; normal control group, atherogenic group(oral administration of cholesterol 40 mg/kg/day plus vit. $D_2$ 320,000 IU/kg/day), $\beta$-glucan treatment group(atherogenic treatment plus $\beta$-glucan 0.135 g/kg/day). The $\beta$-glucan treatment group showed moderate increases of serum lipids concentration compared with atherogenic group. In histopathological examination, aortas showed no critical lesions. The total fecal neutral sterols and bile acids excreted for 6 days was increased compared with both normal and atherogenic group. To compare effects of soluble fiber and insoluble fiber extracted from barley on postprandial lipemia, 5 healthy male adults ingested on separate days a low-fiber(total dietary fiber 2.61g) control meal or dietary fiber-enriched(12.61g) meals. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were obtained for 6.5h and serum lipids were analyzed. The serum total lipids, total cholesterols, LDL & VLDL-cholesterol were markedly reduced with soluble fiber-enriched meals, but no decrease with insoluble fiber-enriched meals. These results suggest that mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic effect of $\beta$-glucan on rats were due to the inhibition of cholesterol absorption in the intestinal lumen and acceleration of cholesterol catabolism in the liver. And the soluble dietary fiber($\beta$-glucan) has the hypocholesterolemic effect by dropping serum LDL & VLDL-cholesterol in the clinical study.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.331-340
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• 2010

초고주파 다중 중공 음극 방전을 이용한 플라즈마 화학 기상 증착 장치를 3차원 수치 모델링하였다. 기본적인 방전 특성을 파악하기 위하여 알곤 플라즈마를 40 MHz, 100 V, 133.3 Pa (1 Torr)의 조건에 대해서 계산하였다. 6 mm 직경의 홀을 20 mm 간격으로 배열하였고 전극 간격은 10 mm를 가정하였다. 피크 플라즈마 밀도는 홀의 하부 중앙에서 $5{\times}10^{11}#/cm^3$ 였으며 전자 온도는 접지 상태로 가정한 기판과 챔버 벽면 주위에서 가장 높았다. 준안정 상태에 의한 2단 이온화 속도는 전자 충돌에 의한 직접 이온화보다 10배 가량 높았다. 수소에 대한 계산에서는 이온화 이외의 다양한 에너지 소모 경로가 있어서 방전의 국재화가 잘 이루어지지 않았다.

• 복식
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate how consumer global-mindedness affects global fashion out-of-home (OOH) advertising which global consumer culture positioning applies, and to examine the relations among global fashion brand OOH advertising, perceived fashion brand globalness, perceived quality and brand reputation. Data were collected from 238 general people in 20~30s in seoul and were analyzed by using statistic methods such as frequency analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural d modelling by running both SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 7.0 program. The results of this study were as follows. First of all, it indicated that the fit indexes were satisfied and the overall model of this study showed a favorable goodness of it from the results of confirmatory analysis. Secondly, consumer global-mindedness had a positive impact on preference towards global fashion OOH advertising. Finally, preference towards global fashion brand OOH advertising positively affected perceived fashion brand globalness, perceived quality and fashion brand reputation. The results implies that it is necessary that fashion brands fully understand consumers' tendency and the benefits of marketing can be maximized through global positioning OOH advertising on subways which makes consumers recognize fashion brands as global ones.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.295-312
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• 2017

Cast in situ and grouted concrete helical piles with 150-200 mm diameter half cylindrical ribs have become an economical and effective choice in Shanghai, China for uplift piles in deep soft soils. Though this type of pile has been successful used in practice, the reinforcing mechanism and the contribution of the ribs to the total resistance is not clear, and there is no clear guideline for the design of such piles. To study the inclusion of ribs to the contribution of shear resistance, the shear behaviour between silty sand and concrete slabs with parallel ribs at different spacing and angles were tested in a large direct shear box ($600mm{\times}400mm{\times}200mm$). The front panels of the shear box are detachable to observe the soil deformation after the test. The tests were modelled with three-dimensional finite element method in ABAQUS. It was found that, passive zones can be developed ahead of the ribs to form undulated failure surfaces. The shear resistance and failure mode are affected by the ratio of rib spacing to rib diameter. Based on the shape and continuity of the failure zones at the interface, the failure modes at the interface can be classified as "punching", "local" or "general" shear failure respectively. With the inclusion of the ribs, the pull out resistance can increase up to 17%. The optimum rib spacing to rib diameter ratio was found to be around 7 based on the observed experimental results and the numerical modelling.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.120-130
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• 2021

The spinal cord or CSF surgery is a very complex process. It requires continuous pre and post-surgery evaluation to have a better ability to diagnose the disease. To detect automatically the suspected areas of tumors and symptoms of CSF leakage during the development of the tumor inside of the brain. We propose a new method based on using computer software that generates statistical results through data gathered during surgeries and operations. We performed statistical computation and data collection through the Google Source for the UK National Cancer Database. The purpose of this study is to address the above problems related to the accuracy of missing hybrid KNN values and finding the distance of tumor in terms of brain cancer or CSF images. This research aims to create a framework that can classify the damaged area of cancer or tumors using high-dimensional image segmentation and Laplace transformation method. A high-dimensional image segmentation method is implemented by software modelling techniques with measures the width, percentage, and size of cells within the brain, as well as enhance the efficiency of the hybrid KNN algorithm and Laplace transformation make it deal the non-zero values in terms of missing values form with the using of Frobenius Matrix for deal the space into non-zero values. Our proposed algorithm takes the longest values of KNN (K = 1-100), which is successfully demonstrated in a 4-dimensional modulation method that monitors the lighting field that can be used in the field of light emission. Conclusion: This approach dramatically improves the efficiency of hybrid KNN method and the detection of tumor region using 4-D segmentation method. The simulation results verified the performance of the proposed method is improved by 92% sensitivity of 60% specificity and 70.50% accuracy respectively.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2022

An accurate analysis of structures supported on soft soils and subjected to seismic loading requires the consideration of the soil-foundation-structure interaction. An important aspect of this interaction lies with the energy dissipation due to soil material damping. Unlike advanced constitutive models that can induce energy loss, the use of simple elastoplastic constitutive models requires additional damping. The frequency dependent Rayleigh damping is a formulation that is frequently used in dynamic analysis. The main concern of this formulation is the correct selection of the target damping ratio and the frequency range where the response is frequency independent. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the Rayleigh damping parameters in soil-pile-structure and soil-inclusion-platform-structure systems in the presence of soft soil under seismic loading. Three-dimensional analyses of both systems are carried out using the finite difference software Flac3D. Different values of target damping ratios and minimum frequencies are utilized. Several earthquakes are used to study the influence of different excitation frequencies in the systems. The soil response in terms of accelerations, displacements and strains is obtained. For the rigid elements, the results are presented in terms of bending moments and normal forces. The results show that when the frequency of the input motion is close to the minimum (central) frequency in the Rayleigh damping formulation, the overdamping amount is reduced, and the surface spectral acceleration of the analyzed pile and inclusion systems increases. Thus, the bending moments and normal forces throughout the piles and inclusions also increase.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2022

Experimental and discrete element methods were used to investigate the effects of triple joints lengths and triple joint angle on the failure behavior of rock mass under uniaxial compressive test. Concrete samples with dimension of 20 cm × 20 cm × 5 cm were prepared. Within the specimen, three imbedded joint were provided. The joint lengths were 2 cm, 4cm and 6 cm. In constant joint lengths, the angle between middle joint and other joints were 30°, 60°, 90°, 120° and 150°. Totally 15 different models were tested under compression test. The axial load rate on the model was 0.05 mm/min. Concurrent with experimental tests, the models containing triple joints, length and joint angle are similar to the experiments, were numerical by Particle flow code in two dimensions (PFC2D). Loading rate in numerical modelling was 0.05 mm/min. Tensile strength of material was 1 MPa. The results show that the failure behaviors of rock samples containing triple joints were governed by both of the angle and the length of the triple joints. The uniaxial compressive strengths (UCS) of the specimens were related to the fracture pattern and failure mechanism of the discontinuities. Furthermore, it was shown that the compressive behavior of discontinuities is related to the number of the induced tensile cracks which are increased by decreasing the joint length. Along with the damage failure of the samples, the acoustic emission (AE) activities are excited. There were only a few AE hits in the initial stage of loading, then AE hits rapidly grow before the applied stress reached its peak. In addition, every stress drop was accompanied by a large number of AE hits. Finally, the failure pattern and failure strength are similar in both methods i.e., the experimental testing and the numerical simulation methods.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.241-252
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 2차원 수치모형을 이용하여 수제의 설치간격과 길이변화에 따라 흐름특성과 하도의 변화 특성을 파악하였다. 최상류에 설치된 수제는 흐름의 영향을 직접 받으며, 단독 수제와 같은 특성이 있다. 또한 시간이 증가할수록 국부세굴은 흐름과 수제의 외측 가장자리가 만나는 지점에서 발생하며, 수제 상류로 이동한다. 하상토 퇴적은 통수초기에 수제 후면에서 발생하지만 시간이 지날수록 하류 전체에 걸쳐 나타난다. 최상류단 수제에서 무차원 수제 간격(L/b)이 클수록 세굴공 깊이는 작으나, 동적평형상태에 도달하였을 경우에 세굴공 깊이는 일정하게 유지되었다. L/b이 클수록 무차원 세굴심($y_s/H$)은 증가하지만, L/b이 10이상인 경우에는 독립성이 강해지면서 하류에 위치한 수제는 단독 수제와 같은 특성을 보였다. 그러나 L/b이 4이하인 경우에는 하류에 설치된 수제의 간섭을 받아 하류에 설치된 수제 상류에서 퇴적이 발생하였다. 따라서, 무차원 수제 간격이 4~10인 경우에 군수제의 역할이 감소되었다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.197-213
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 TOUGH-FLAC 연동해석기법을 이용하여 Mont Terri 지하연구시설에서 수행된 단층 내 물 주입시험을 수치적으로 모델링하고, 단층의 재활성과 수리역학적 거동 특성을 살펴보았다. TOUGH2 해석에서는 단층을 Darcy의 법칙과 삼승법칙(Cubic law)을 따르는 연속체 요소로 모델링하였으며, FLAC3D 해석에서는 미끄러짐과 개폐가 허용되는 불연속 인터페이스 요소를 통해 모사하였다. 현장에서 획득한 단층의 균열개방압력(fracture opening pressure), 주입율, 모니터링 압력, 변위 곡선 등을 바탕으로, 단층의 탄성적 변형과 파괴에 의한 수직팽창 특성을 반영할 수 있는 수리간극모델과 수리역학 커플링 관계를 해석모델에 반영하였다. 한편, 현지응력 조건, 단층의 강도 및 변형 특성에 따른 파라미터 해석을 실시하여 각 입력변수가 해석 결과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 이를 통해 현장시험 결과를 가장 잘 재현할 수 있는 파라미터 조합을 선정하였다. 해석 결과, 균열개방압력에서 단층의 주입율과 모니터링 압력이 크게 증가하는 현상을 합리적으로 재현할 수 있었다. 하지만, 동일한 입력 변수 조건에서 단층의 전단변위와 파괴영역의 범위는 현장시험 결과에 비해 과대평가되는 결과를 보였다. 이는 해석모델에서는 고압의 주입조건에서 단층의 지속적인 전단파괴가 유도되는 반면, 현장에서는 수리간극의 변화가 전단 미끄러짐보다는 인장력에 의한 단층면의 개방(tensile opening)에 크게 의존하는 것으로 추정되기 때문이다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.2115-2123
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• 2000

본 연구는 활성탄 피흡착물인 페놀의 아세톤에 의한 탈착모델 및 탈착 동역학을 결정하여 활성탄으로부터 페놀이 탈착되는 현상을 구명하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 아세톤에 의한 페놀의 Freundlich 등온탈착 평형반응상수인 $k_e$는 온도의 함수로서 다음과 같이 표현된다: $k_e(T)=0.1{\cdot}exp(797.297/T)$. 또한 Freundlich 등온탈착 평형반응상수인 n은 약한 온도함수로서 $50^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 용도에 따라 큰 영향을 받지 않으나, $100^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 5% 이상 차이가 나기 때문에 온도에 대한 보정치를 적용하는 것이 필요하다. 페놀 탈착모델은 활성탄 표면에서의 탈착반응을 제한반응으로 가정하였으며, 탈착반응상수 ($k_d$)는 실험치와 모델 이론치의 최적합도에서 결정하였고, Arrhenius 관계식으로 다음과 같이 표현된다: $k_d( sec^{-1})=0.0479{\cdot}exp(-3037/T)$. 모델에서 결정한 $k_d$값을 검증하기 위해 다른 반응조건에서의 실험결과와 이론치를 비교하였으며, 두 값의 차이가 5% 이내인 것을 미루어 본 연구에서 설정한 탈착반응모델이 타당한 것으로 추정된다. 본 모델을 이용한다면 특정조건(온도, 용매 부피, 활성탄 양, 페놀 초기 흡착량)에서의 재생시간과 재생율을 결정할 수 있으며, 본 실험에서 사용한 조건에 근거한 재생시간과 재생율을 온도의 함수로서 표현할 수 있다: (1) 재생시간 : ${\tau}_{reg}(hr)=-0.08130T_c+8.4775$, (2)재생율 : ${\eta}(%)=0.2210T_c+83.745$. 이 식을 적용하는 경우 반응온도 15, 55, $100^{\circ}C$에서 재생시간은 각각 7, 4.2, 0.35시간. 한편 재생율은 87, 96, 99%로 결정할 수 있다.