• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.393-402
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop mechanisms of nD model-based design by the combination of 2D drawing standards and 3D building models from the current 2D and text-based design. The aim of this study can be archived by defining the 2D model extension definitions for the IFC model development and harmonizing existing 2D standards. The paper examines 1) 3D Representation of Building Element and Building Services element, and 2D Model extension of IFC2X.2, 2) Basic development of additional 2D element that should be added to IFC model, and 3) mapping method between current 2D standard and IFC2.X2. Following this approach, the interoperability problem between 3D model and 2D drawing can be solved and finally an extended data model could be developed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2005

To understand the basic relationship between 3D curved surface model and 2D pattern, simplified torso model was generated by commercial CAD program (IDEAS). 3D torso model was then divided into different blocks and unfolded into a flat pattern as in ordinary works of clothing item design. As results, 2D pattern development of different part of 3D torso model was attempted and analyzed mathematically. It was found that different height, radius and tangent slope of 3D blocks resulted in different 2D pattern. The relationships between the shape parameters of 3D torso blocks and those of 2D patterns were analyzed using regression equations. Direct way of drawing a 2D pattern of corresponding 3D torso block was also illustrated for the convenience of pattern making using conventional measurements of upper/ lower radii and height of 3D torso block.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.429-439
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to support the integration from current 2D drawing-based design to future 3D model-based design. In this paper, an important theme is the combination between the STEP-based 2D drawing standards (i.e., AP202) and the IFC-based 3D building model standards. To achieve the purpose, two methodologies are proposed as follows: the development of IFC extension model for the 2D shape data representation by harmonizing ISO/STEP AP202; and the development of mapping solution between IFC 2D extension model and KOSDIC by constructing the exchange scenario for 2D shape data representation. It is expected that the proposed IFC2X2 2D extension model and mapping solution will offer the basis of development of the integrated standards model in AEC industry.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2003

STEP AP218 has a standard schema to represent the structural model of a midship section. While it helps to exchange ship structural models among heterogeneous automation systems, most shipyards and classification societies still exchange information using 2D paper drawings. We propose a feature parameter input method to generate a 3D STEP model of a ship structure from 2D drawings. We have analyzed the ship structure information contained in 2D drawings and have defined a data model to express the contents of the drawing. We also developed a QUI for the feature parameter input. To translate 2D information extracted from the drawing into a STEP AP2l8 model, we have developed a shape generation library, and generated the 3D ship model through this library. The generated 3D STEP model of a ship structure can be used to exchange information between design departments in a shipyard as well as between classification societies and shipyards.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.06d
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• pp.226-229
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• 2000

A 2D comic model, a comic-style line drawing model having only eyebrows, eyes, nose and mouth, is much easier to generate facial expressions with small number of points than that of 3D model. In this paper we propose a 3D emotional editor using a 2D comic model, where emotional expressions are represented by using action units(AU) of FACS. Experiments show a possibility that the proposed method could be used efficiently for intelligent sign-language communications between avatars of different languages in the Internet cyberspace.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2005

The usage of mixed 2D and 3D CAD data of commercial CAD systems is required in the construction practice. Sometimes 3D wireframe model is required by end-users when 2D CAD data is delivered. However, current KOSDIC can not represent 3D CAD data, because it has been developed as a 2D drawing delivery standard. Therefore, this study is to provide exchange and sharing of mixed 2D and 3D CAD data that add 3D wireframe model in the KOSDIC. To achieve this purpose, the authors have investigated the 3D CAD entities of commercial CAD systems, and have analyzed STEP standards providing 3D wireframe model. The result, the authors have extracted 3D CAD common entities based wireframe model which shall be added in the KOSDIC. This study can be beneficial by using the developed data model for heterogeneous CAD systems, and by providing the representation of mixed 2D and 3D CAD data in construction practice such as GIS, piping system, and so forth.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.98-108
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• 1998

Hull design data is currently prepared by a 2D CAD system and re-input to 3D CAD systems specialized for detail design or to a structural analysis system. In this paper, sharing design data among different CAD systems has been studied. Based on STEP methodology, a neutral model is generated from 2D AutoCAD drawings. To handle a geometric data of this model, the non-manifold model of ACIS is used because it can support various CAD data representation such as 2D graphic entities, 3D wireframe, 3D surface model, and solid B-Rep/CSG model. It is observed that a mon-manifold model can easily be transformed to a 3-D wireframe model for the hull detail design system AutoDef or a FE model for the structural analysis system Nastran.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.479-486
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• 2016

In this paper, the algorithm which can convert a 2D image into a 3D Model will be discussed. The 2D picture drawn by a user is scanned for image processing. The Canny algorithm is employed to find the contour. The waterfront algorithm is proposed to find foreground image area. The foreground area is segmented to decompose the complex shapes into simple shapes. Then, simple segmented foreground image is converted into 3D model to become a complex 3D model. The 3D conversion formular used in this paper is also discussed. The generated 3D model data will be useful for 3D animation and other 3D contents creation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.329-332
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• 2006

To study the effect of the macroscopic TVLEM(Three Vertical Line Element Model) which is developed in 2D, a bearing wall system is selected and 2D and 3D pushover analyses are carried out. In 2D model, the participating width of a flage wall to lateral resistance is modelled based on Paulay's effective width. From the comparisons of roof displacements, 2D model which uses the effective width of flange wall has better prediction and less analysis time than 3D model which has intrinsically the full width of the flange that causes higher stiffness and strength and shorter deformation capacity than 2D model.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.911-913
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• 2004

This paper presents characteristic analysis of claw-pole type generator. The analysis is performed using 2D equivalent model by 2D FEM. 3D FEM is used to check whether 2D equivalent model reflects the magnetic characteristics of the actual machine. Initially, 2D equivalent model of the claw-pole type generator is designed only by 3D geometry. Using 2D equivalent model, back emf characteristics are estimated and compared to measurements. The analysis results agree with measurements well and take less time comparing to 3D FEM.