• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2020

Recently, webtoons-based animations have been expanding in Korea, where the role of mobile devices is growing, and media videos such as "YouTube" and "Tik-Tok," which have shorter screening and production cycles than traditional feature films, dramas, and animations, are attracting attention and being enjoyed by public. In order to produce animation content that fits the trend of this shortening video and production cycle, efficiency must be increased not only in story but also in production. Production methods and production technologies need changes to increase efficiency. Animation using motion capture, which is highly production-efficient, is widely used in movies that shows realistic movements, but still has little use in producing cartoon-style animations with exaggerated movements. We analyzed the production method of 2D animation and CG animation and applied the result to CG animation to increase the efficiency of production and production. The methods of production through such experiments are expected to help improve the efficiency of producing animation content that is suitable for the latest trends such as webtoon animation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.31A no.6
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• pp.188-198
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• 1994

The distributed arithmetic approach has been commonly recognized as an efficient method to implement the inner-product type of computation with fixed coefficients such as DCT/IDCT. This paper presents a novel architecture and the implementation of 2-D DCT/IDCT VLSI chip based on distributed arithmetic. The main feature of the proposed architecture is a fully 2-bit serial pipeline and parallel structure with memory-based signal processing circuitry, which is efficient to the implementation of the bit-serial operation of distributed arithmetic. All modules of the proposed architecture are designed with NP-dynamic circuitry to reduce the power consumption and to increase the performance. This chip is applicable in HDTV systems working at video sampling rate up to 75 MHz.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.325-334
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• 2022

Digital twin has the advantages of quality improvement and cost reduction, so it is widely applied to various industries. In this paper, a method to implement the major technologies of digital twin easily and quickly is presented. These include data management and relay servers, real-time monitoring applications including remote control interfaces, and direct connection protocols for video streaming. In addition, an algorithm for controlling a two-wheeled vehicle with a 2D interface is also proposed. The implemented system performs near real-time synchronization between the real environment and the virtual space. The delay time that occurs in remote control of the vehicle in the real environment was compared with the results of applying the proposed delay time reduction method. In addition, in the case of 2D interface-based control, an algorithm that can guarantee the user experience was implemented and applied to the actual environment and verified through experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.265-268
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• 2022

Video-based Point Cloud Compression(V-PCC) 부호화기의 세그먼트 정제(Refining segmentation) 과정은 3D 세그먼트를 2D 패치 데이터로 효율적으로 변환하기 위한 V-PCC 부호화기의 핵심 파트이지만, 많은 연산량을 필요로 하는 모듈이다. 때문에 이미 TMC2 에 Fast Grid-based refine segmentation 과정이 구현되어 있으나, 아직도 세그먼트 정제 기술의 연산량은 매우 높은 편이다. 본 논문에서는 현재 TMC2 에 구현되어 있는 Fast Gridbased Refine Segmentation 을 살펴보고, 복셀(Voxel) 타입에 따른 특성에 맞춰 두 가지 조건을 추가하는 고속화 알고리즘을 제안한다. 실험 결과 압축성능(BD-BR)은 TMC2 와 거의 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 모듈 단위 평균 10% 연산량이 절감되는 것을 확인하였다.

• Atmosphere
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.173-188
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• 2014

The KMA has cooperated with the Oklahoma University in USA to develop a Polarimetric Radar Data (PRD) simulator to improve the microphysical processes in Korea Local Analysis and Prediction System (KLAPS), which is critical for the utilization of PRD into Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) field. The simulator is like a tool to convert NWP data into PRD, so it enables us to compare NWP data with PRD directly. The simulator can simulate polarimetric radar variables such as reflectivity (Z), differential reflectivity ($Z_{DR}$), specific differential phase ($K_{DP}$), and cross-correlation coefficient (${\rho}_{hv}$) with input of the Drop Size Distribution (DSD) and scattering calculation of the hydrometeors. However, the simulator is being developed based on the foreign observation data, therefore the PRD simulator development reflecting rainfall characteristics of Korea is needed. This study analyzed a potential application of the 2-Dimension Video Disdrometer (2DVD) data by calculating the raindrop axis ratio according to the rain-types to reflect Korea's rainfall characteristics into scattering module in the simulator. The 2DVD instrument measures the precipitation DSD including the fall velocity and the shape of individual raindrops. We calculated raindrop axis ratio for stratiform, convective and mixed rainfall cases after checking the accuracy of 2DVD data, which usually represent the scattering characteristics of precipitation. The raindrop axis ratio obtained from 2DVD data are compared with those from foreign database in the simulator. The calculated the dual-polarimetric radar variables from the simulator using the obtained raindrop axis ratio are also compared with in situ dual-polarimetric observation data at Bislsan (BSL). 2DVD observation data show high accuracies in the range of 0.7~4.8% compared with in situ rain gauge data which represents 2DVD data are sufficient for the use to simulator. There are small differences of axis ratio in the diameter below 1~2 mm and above 4~5 mm, which are more obvious for bigger raindrops especially for a strong convective rainfall case. These differences of raindrop axis ratio between domestic and foreign rainfall data base suggest that the potential use of disdrometer observation can develop of a PRD simulated suitable to the Korea precipitation system.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.171-176
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• 2020

Reinforcement learning is a well-known method for training an artificial software agent for a video game. Even though many reinforcement learning algorithms have been proposed, their performance was varies depending on an application area. This paper compares the performance of the algorithms when we train our reinforcement learning agent for a 2D racing game. We defined performance metrics to analyze the results and plotted them into various graphs. As a result, we found ACER (Actor Critic with Experience Replay) achieved the best rewards than other algorithms. There was 157% gap between ACER and the worst algorithm.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.212-226
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• 2014

This paper presents the design and implementation of a pipelined architecture and a method for real-time human detection using depth image from a Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera. In the proposed method, we use Euclidean Distance Transform (EDT) in order to extract human body location, and we then use the 1D, 2D scanning window in order to extract human joint location. The EDT-based human extraction method is robust against noise. In addition, the 1D, 2D scanning window helps extracting human joint locations easily from a distance image. The proposed method is designed using Verilog HDL (Hardware Description Language) as the dedicated hardware architecture based on pipeline architecture. We implement the dedicated hardware architecture on a Xilinx Virtex6 LX750 Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). The FPGA implementation can run 80 MHz of maximum operating frequency and show over 60fps of processing performance in the QVGA ($320{\times}240$) resolution depth image.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.108-110
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• 2010

최근 3D 비디오 서비스에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있는 가운데, 지상파 DMB 및 위성 DMB에서도 스테레오스코픽 비디오 서비스를 제공하기 위한 노력이 진행되고 있다[1]-[3]. DMB-AF 파일 포맷[4]은 MPEG에서 제정한 DMB 파일 포맷 국제 표준이다. 이 표준 제정 당시에는 스테레오스코픽 비디오 콘텐트를 지원하는 기능이 들어 있지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 DMB-AF 한 파일 내에서 2D 비디오, BIFS에 의해 스테레오스코픽 이미지가 오버레이된 2D 비디오, 스테레오스코픽 비디오 등이 시간적으로 혼용될 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 또한 이 방법은 기존 2D 비디오의 재생만 지원하는 기존 DMB-AF 플레이어와의 호환성을 보장한다. 따라서 기존 DMB-AF 플레이어가 BIFS에 의해 스테레오스코픽 이미지가 오버레이된 2D 비디오 또는 스테레오스코픽 비디오가 포함된 DMB-AF 파일을 재생할 때에는 2D 이미지 또는 2D 비디오로 재생할 수 있다. 제안한 방법은 한 프레임을 좌우로 반으로 나누어 좌안 및 우안 비디오를 좌우로 배치한 화면분할(side-by-side) 포맷에 의한 스테레오스코픽 비디오뿐만 아니라 좌안 또는 우안 비디오 중 하나는 2D 재생용의 기준 비디오로 다른 하나는 스테레오스코픽 비디오를 위한 부가 비디오로 사용하는 기본 포맷에 의한 스테레오스코픽 비디오도 지원한다. 후자의 경우, 부가 비디오는 가로 해상도가 기준 비디오의 1/2인 선택사항 포맷도 지원한다. 스테레오스코픽 비디오를 지원하기 위해, 기존 DMB-AF 표준의 확장을 최소화하는 방법을 제안한다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 2009

This paper presents an efficient frame synchronization strategy with the identification of modulation type for Digital Video Broadcasting-Satellite second generation (DVB-S2). To detect the Start Of Frame (SOF) and identify a modulation mode at low SNR, we propose a new correlator structure and a low complexity Automatic Gain Controller (AGC). The proposed frame synchronization architecture can reduce about 93% multipliers and 89% adders compared with the direct implementation of the Differential - Generalized Post Detection Integration (D-GPDI) algorithm which is very complex and the proposed a low complexity AGC consists of only 5 multipliers and 3 adders. The proposed architecture has been thoroughly verified on the Xilinx Virtex II FPGA board.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.11-14
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• 2004

Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite (DVB-S) [1] (EN 300 421(bibliography)) was introduced as a standard in 1994. However, by combing with higher order modulation, promise more powerful alternatives to the DVB-S / DVB-DSNG coding and modulation schemes. Variable rate coding and modulation (VCM) may employed to provide different levels of error protection to different service components. Adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) provides more exact channel protection and dynamic link adaptation to propagation conditions, targeting each individual receiving terminal. By these reasons, DVB-S2 introduced. This paper derives exact symbol error rate(SER) of 16-Amplitude Phase Shift Keying(APSK) modulation by using Craig's formula. 16-APSK modulation is used in DVB-S2. The difference between Union Bound and Craig's formula is 1.26dB in low SNR and 0.1dB in high SNR.