• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.40-47
• /
• 2006

목적 : 이 연구에서는 고양이 뇌 PET 영상을 감쇠, 산란 보정 후 정량 평가하여 감쇠, 산란보정의 필요성에 대하여 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 감쇠, 산란보정의 영향을 평가하기 위하여 microPET R4 스캐너를 이용하여 팬텀과 5마리 고양이의 $^{18}F$-FDG PET 스캔을 얻었다. $^{68}Ge$ 선원을 이용하여 30분 동안 투과영상을 얻은 후 FDG를 정맥주사한 다음 방출 영상을 얻었다. PET 영상은 OSEM을 이용하여 영상을 재구성하였고, 감쇠, 산란보정을 하였다. 전두엽, 두정엽 외측 측두엽 등을 포함하는 대뇌피질 영역과 꼬리핵머리, 조가비핵, 시상을 포함하는 심부피질 영역에 관심영역을 그린 다음 감쇠, 산란보정 전, 후의 계수를 측정하였다. 각각의 계수는 방사선원 투여량과 중량으로 정규화하였다. 감쇠보정의 영향을 평가하기 위하여 "심부피질/대뇌피질"의 비를 계산하였다. 산란보정의 영향을 평가하기 위하여 회백질과 백질에 관심영역을 그린 다음 "(회백질-백질)/회백질"의 비를 구하여 대조도를 계산하였다. 결과: 감쇠보정 후, "심부피질/대뇌피질"의 비는 $17{\pm}7%$ 증가하였다. 산란보정 후, "(회백질-백질)/회백질"의 비는 $12{\pm}3%$ 증가하였다. 결론: 감쇠보정 후 "심부피질/대뇌피질"의 계수비가 증가하였고, 산란보정 후 회백질과 백질 사이의 대조도가 증가하였다. 이는 고양이 뇌 PET 영상 획득 및 정량화를 할 때 감쇠보정이 특히 중요함을 반영한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.334-351
• /
• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the improvement effect of white ginseng extract (GS-KG9) on D-galactosamine (Ga1N)-induced oxidative stress and liver injury. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Rats were orally administrated with GS-KG9 (300, 500, or 700 mg/kg) or silymarin (25 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The rats of the GS-KG9- and silymarin-treated groups and a control group were then intraperitoneally injected Ga1N at a concentration of 650 mg/kg for 4 days. To investigate the protective effect of GS-KG9 against GalN-induced liver injury, blood liver function indicators, anti-oxidative stress indicators, and histopathological features were analyzed. RESULTS: Serum biochemical analysis indicated that GS-KG9 ameliorated the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in GalN-treated rats. The hepatoprotective effects of GS-KG9 involved enhancing components of the hepatic antioxidant defense system, including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). In addition, GS-KG9 treatment inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by GalN treatment in hepatocytes and significantly increased the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins, which are antioxidant proteins. In particular, by histological analyses bases on hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, α-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-β1 staining, we determined that the administration of 500 mg/kg GS-KG9 inhibited hepatic inflammation and fibrosis due to the excessive accumulation of collagen. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that GS-KG9 improves GalN-induced liver inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis by attenuating oxidative stress. Therefore, GS-KG9 may be considered a useful candidate in the development of a natural preventive agent against liver injury.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.236-246
• /
• 2009

알레르기 환자의 증가로 인하여 알러겐을 찾는 것은 중요하다. MAST는 알러겐 특이 IgE항체를 측정하는 간단한 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 알레르기 환자에서 알러겐 특이 IgE 항체, 총 IgE, 호산구수와의 관련성을 평가하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 총 IgE 양성률은 흡입형 패널에서 96.97%, 식품형 패널에서 98.06%였다. 알러겐 특이 IgE 항체의 양성률은 흡입형 패널에서 집먼지 51.52%, 북아메리카 집먼지 진드기 45.46%, 고양이 31.99% 였으며, 식품형 패널에서 각각 55.34%, 42.72%, 34.96%였다. 혈청 총 IgE는 알레르기와 관련이 있었으나, 알레르기가 항상 호산구증가와 관련이 있는 것은 아니었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.472-475
• /
• 1998

A female Green iguana (Iguana iguana) was brought to the small animal clinic in Hannover Veterinary school because of anorexia and convulsion. Two months ago, the owner bought two iguanas, one female and one male and had to take a female to the one of local small animal clinic because she, born in 19931 didn't eat well and showed the tremor of the legs. The veterinarian suspected it to have a calcium deficiency and gave an injection of calcium and vitamin D3. But still during the last two months, the female iguana did only eat some lettuce while the other male ate lettuce, fruits and commercial cat-food ($Whiskas^{\circledR}$, Effem, Verden). It was not possible to evaluate the rations of these different "food-components". They are kept in the terrarium with water container. By palpation of the abdomen, hard thing like stone was palpated in the mid-region. The blood test wasn't carried out because of the difficulties of getting blood and because of her bad condition. It was firmly diagnosed as cystic calculus through radiography. Since the animal is in shock state already, the prognosis after surgery was bad. It was assumed to be too late to expect its surviving with the surgery carried out or without it. Cystotomy was performed in the cranial ventral paramedian incision in order to preserve the large ventral abdominal vein in the linen alba region. After two stay sutures ("holding suture" ) with 5-0 polyglactin 910 ($Vicryl^{\circledR}, Ethicon$) on the bladder, cystotomy was carried out and the stone inside was removed. Then, the bladder was closed in one-layer sutures. The abdomen was closed in simple interrupted suture with same material after the instillation of 10 ml saline solution into the abdominal cavity. The cystic calculus was in a size of $5.8{\times} 5.O{\times} 3.5 cm$. The analysis of the stone was carried out in two ways which are the infrared spectroscopy of the stone and quick analysis by $Merckognost^{\circledR}$(Diagnostica Merck, Merck). In the result of the infrared spectroscopy, the stone wee composed of 10% ammonium urate and 90% dihydrated uric acid. This iguana wasn't able to survive.n't able to survive.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.542-551
• /
• 2017

The quality characteristics of velvet antlers obtained from Formosan sambar deer (Cervus unicolor Swinhoi) (SDVA), harvested from 63 to 81 d during the velvet antler growth period, were evaluated by investigating the relationships between antioxidant levels; including content, activity, and content/activity ratios, and physical properties; including shear force values, color, and Ca content. The hardness of samples from base velvet antler sections increased, and that the color of these samples tended to become reddish-yellow (redder and more yellow), suggesting that the Ca content in the base section of the sample was not ossified yet. Samples from the upper sections of velvet antler showed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) content (3.91 to 1.50 mg/mL, 2.53 to 0.90 mg/mL, and 3.95 to 1.58 mg/mL, respectively) than did samples from the middle and base sections (p<0.05). The activity and content/activity ratios of GPX measured in the upper section were also found to be significantly greater than in the middle and base sections (p<0.05). We further observed that the content and activity of GPX was significantly and negatively correlated with Ca content, shear force values, and the content/activity ratio of this antioxidant (p<0.01). The study findings may serve as a reference index for quality evaluations of velvet antlers of Formosan sambar deer in future.

• 전자공학회논문지D
• /
• 제36D권9호
• /
• pp.56-63
• /
• 1999

Cat형 SPPCM(selfpumped phase conjugate mirror)의 응답시간을 개선시키기 위한 기존의 방법은 원주면 렌즈를 사용하여 패팅 (fanning) 빔을 증가시키는 방법이었다. 그러나, 이 경우에 SPPCM의 특성들을 개선시키기 위해서는 패닝빔을 제어해 주어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 원주면 렌즈를 사용하여 입력빔을 선형으로 광굴절 결정에 접속시켜 SPPCM의 반사율을 증가시키고 응답시간을 감소시키며, 순수한 이상 편광빔 대신 혼합 편광빔을 입사시킴으로써 출력빔의 시간 불안정도를 감소시키는 방법을 제안하였다. 광실험을 통하여 제안한 SPPCM의 반사율이 2배로 증가하고 응답시간은 1/15로 감소함을 확인하였다. 또한, 혼합 편광빔의 편광 각을 $10^{\circ}$에서 $30^{\circ}$ 사이의 각도로 하였을 때 시간 불안정도가 감소함을 확인하였다. 광실험에서 전기광학 계수가 매우 큰 $45^{\circ}-cut\;BaTiO_3$ 결정을 사용하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.259-263
• /
• 2015

The increasing prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the human population in the Republic of Korea (= Korea) is due to various reasons such as an increase in meat consumption. However, the importance of cats in transmitting T. gondii infection through oocysts to humans has seldom been assessed. A total of 300 fecal samples of stray cats captured around Seoul from June to August 2013 were examined for T. gondii B1 gene (indicating the presence of oocysts) using nested-PCR. Fourteen (4.7%) of 300 cats examined were positive for B1 gene. Female cats (7.5%) showed a higher prevalence than male cats (1.4%). Cats younger than 3 months (5.5%) showed a higher prevalence than cats (1.5%) older than 3 months. For laboratory passage of the positive samples, the fecal suspension (0.2 ml) of B1 gene positive cats was orally inoculated into experimental mice. Brain tissues of the mice were obtained after 40 days and examined for the presence of tissue cysts. Two isolates were successfully passaged (designated KNIH-1 and KNIH-2) and were molecularly analyzed using the SAG5D and SAG5E gene sequences. The SAG5D and SAG5E gene sequences showed high homologies with the ME49 strain (less virulent strain). The results indicated the importance of stray cats in transmitting T. gondii to humans in Korea, as revealed by detection of B1 gene in fecal samples. T. gondii isolates from cats were successfully passaged in the laboratory for the first time in Korea.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2011

For the development of functional food and cosmetics using hot water extract of Muraenesox cinereus's skin, contents of vitamin, amino acid and element, and antioxidant activity were investigated. The results are shown as follows: among vitamins, A(0.21mg/100 g), C (78.12mg/100 g), $D_3$ (0.03 mg/100 g), E (1.97 mg/100 g) and Niacin (2.53mg/100 g) were detected, respectively.Mineral contents were an order of K > P > Na > Mg > Ca > Fe and Zn. Contents of total amino acids were an order of Pro > Gly > Arg > Glu > Phe > Ala. Especially, the sum of total amino acids was 27.17 mg/100 mL, which was about 4.0 fold higher than that of free amino acid. DPPH radical scavenging activity of hot water extract of M. cinereus's skin at 25 mg/mL was 63.5% and did not increase at above 50 mg/mL. Activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of ethanol-treated rats using hot water extract of M. cinereus's skin were investigated. Compared to control group, activities of ADH and GSH-px were decreased. In the case of CAT and SOD activity, they were increased. These results showed that the hot water extract of M. cinereus's skin can be applied to raw macterial for functional food and cosmetics.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.669-675
• /
• 2000

칡추출물이 알코올성 뇌손상에 미치는 영향 을 구명하기 위해 알코올을 투여한 흰쥐에게 갈화와 갈근을 수준별 (I;1.2 g/kg B.W., II;2.4 g/kg B.W.) 로 5주간 급여한 후 \ulcorner 열수추출물이 알코올 대사와 유리기 생성 및 제거효소 활성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. ADH 활성응ㄴ 갈화 및 갈근추출물 급여시 에탄올만 투 여한 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소한 반면, ALDH 활성은 갈근추출물 급여군에서 유의 적으로 증가하였는데 1수준군의 증가정도가 현저하였다. P450 함량과 AD, AH 활성은 대조 군에 비하여 칡 열수추출물 급여시 감소되는 경향이었는데 갈근 급여군의 감소효과가 현저 하게 나타났다. AO와 XO 활성은 갈화 및 갈근추출물 급여군이 대조군에 비하여 감소되었 는데 특히 갈근추출물 1수준군에서 현저하게 나타났다. SOD 활성은 칡 열수추출물 급여시 증가하였으며 CAT와 GSH-Px 활성은 에탄올 투여로 증가된 활성이 갈근 열수추출믈 I 수 준 급여시 유의적으로 증가되었다. 이상의 결과에서 갈화 및 갈근 열수추출물 급여는 뇌조 직 중의 에탄올 대사효소계의 활성을 촉진시켰으며, 유리기제거 효소의 활성을 억제하고 항 산화효소계를 활성화하여 에탄올 투여에 인한 뇌조직의 산화적 스트레스를 완화시킬 수 있 을 것으로 사료된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.5-17
• /
• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was 1) to classify university student's attitudes toward sex, 2) to confirm the effects of sexuality course on sex-role stereotypes and sexual attitude in university student s. Method : The subjects in this study were 212 K university students in Kangwon Province between 3/7/2001 $\sim$ 6/13/2001. The instruments used for this study were the general characteristics, sexual attitude and sex-role stereotypes. The data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, paired t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, Factor analysis and Cronbach's $\alpha$ using the SPSS program. Result : 1. University students' attitude toward sex are divided into three types. Type I are called open mined : 16, 33, 28, 10, 18, 2, 30, 25, 26, 27, 22, 19, 29, 21, 9, 5 items. Type II are supporters of virginal purity : 8, 6, 31, 17, 14, 33 items. Type III express love through sexual intercourse : 20, 24, 7, 3, 15, 32 items. 2. There was a significant difference in the appearance and occupational characteristics of sex-role stereotypes before and after the sexuality course (t=2.562, p<.05). 3. In Type III, there was a significant difference in sexual attitude before and after the sexuality course (t=3.576, p<.0001). 4. The data showed the relationships between type III of sexual attitude and sex-role stereotypes (r=-.3 15, p<.0001). 5. Sex-role stereotypes according to the demographic characteristics before sexuality course were significantly different by age, gender, experience of military service, experience of sex edu cat ion an d experience of sexual intercourse. Sex-role stereotypes according to the demographic characteristics after sexuality course were significantly different by gender and experience of sexual intercourse. 6. Sexual attitude according to the demographic characteristics before sexuality course were significantly different by maj or (type I), age, grade, experience of military service and experience of sexual intercourse (type II), age, grade, gender, experience of military service, experience of sex education and experience of sexual intercourse. Sexual attitude according to the demographic characteristics after sexuality course were significantly different by religion and major(type I), age and grade(type II), age, grade, gender, religion and experience of sexual intercourse. Conclusion : This study showed that a sexuality course was effect ive in changing the sex-role stereotypes and sexual attitude of university students.