• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.220-228
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• 2000

This study deals with the water qualities of Dalgi mineral spring in Cheongsong district.Water samples which were taken from upper, middle and bottorn spring sites were tested for twenty eight important water quality items including minerals, essential and/or toxic trace elements, and the analytical items to affect the taste of mineral water, seasonally from May 1999 to February 2000 The results obtained wereas follows:Each spring site showed much difference in major items. Bottom spring water showed higher value of Mg and Na than others. Middle spring water showed the highest value in all of the items except Mg and Na. The concentration of Hardness, Fe and Mn in mineral water were over than the normal standard for drinking water, but these items are not specified for the mineral water. As, Cd, $Cr^{6+}$ and Hg were not found and Pb was found ln trace level. All of the items proved nearly constant during the four seasons except water temperature. The contribution of mineral water to the nutrition of human was calculated in order to investigate the health effect of drinking water on the bases of Required Daily Allowance,one liter of water drinking and the mineral concentration of the bottom spring. The percentage of consumable minerals of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn,Zn and Fe were 35.05,36.43,5.88∼10.63,0.19∼0.57,21.86∼43.72,0.65, and 95.l respectively. This means Dalgl mineral water is pIenty of iron mineral. The K and O indexes of mineraI water appeared to be good for healthy and delicious water.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.247-254
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• 1999

Respiratory failure is the most serious manifestation and usual cause of death in acute organophosphate poisoning, and is common in acute cholinergic crisis. But the respiratory failure may appear suddenly in a patient who is recovering from the cholinergic crisis, even while receiving conventional therapy. These are case report of 37 years old male and 24 years old female with intermediate syndrome in organophosphate poisoning. The two patients ingested organophosphate(fenthion and mixture of DDVP with chlorpyrifos respectively) incidentally and in a sucide attempt respectively. After apparent recovery from the cholinergic crisis with a conventional therapy but before the expected onset of delayed polyneuropathy, the respiratory failure appeared suddenly with a muscular weakness, affecting predominantly the proximal limb muscles, neck flexors, territories of several motor cranial nerves. The two patients needed mechanical ventilatory support and recovery from the intermediate syndrome was complete in both patients, although one subsequently developed hypoxic encephalopathy. The clinical manifestation and electrophysiologic study support the clinical diagnosis of intermediate syndrome. The syndrome carries a risk of death. because of respiratory paralysis, if not recognized early and treated adequatedly. Prompt endotrachial intubation and mechanical ventilatory support is the cornerstone of treatment of the intermediate syndrome. Therefore, all patient should be observed in a hospital for up to 5 days after poisoning.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 2003

Experiments were carried out to select an industrial nitrogen source and optimize erythritol production by Candida magnoliae in fed-batch culture. Among the industrial nitrogen sources tested, light steep water (LSW) was found to be the best nitrogen source for producing erythritol, based on erythritol yield and raw material price. The maximum erythritol concentration obtained a 131.6 g/L, with a 52.6％ yield and 0.52 g/L-hr productivity from a 250 g/L glucose and 43.3 mL/L LSW in batch culture. Two-stage fed-batch culture was chosen to improve the volumetric productivity and the yield of erythritol. High cell density culture in cell growth stage was achieved by batch type culture containing 100 g/L glucose and 500 mL/L LSW. The cell concentration was 71.0 g/L after 23 hours of culture. Erythritol productivity was decreased by increasing glucose concentration in the production stage. But 37.3％ of the maximum erythritol yield was obtained with 185.5 g/L of erythritol and 1.66 g/L-hr of productivity when 820 g of glucose powder was directly added to a concentration of 450 g/L glucose in production stage.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.242-254
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• 2000

Accurate impression is very important to achieve desirable prosthesis and there are many factors in taking a good impression. For example, types of impression material, types of impression tray, impression taking methods and so on. Recently individual tooth tray technique is accepted as obtaining good impression that can be applied to multiple abutment impression, heavy salivated patient, to minimize the effect of natural teeth s undercuts and to reduce pain during cord packing procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy according to materials and forms of the individual tooth tray which is clinically applied nowadays. Used materials in experiment were divided into 3 types (acrylic resin. $Futar^{(R)}$ occlusion. $Blu-mousse^{(R)}$) and forms were divided into 2 types (forming occlusal vent hole or not and forming marginal vent space or not). Stone master model from impression body and metal master model were measured by $X-PLAN360d^{(R)}$ to compare occlusal surface discrepancy and marginal discrepancy. The results were as follows: 1. In comparison of occlusal surface discrepancy and marginal discrepancy according to materials, groups with three materials showed no statistical difference 2. In comparison of occlusal surface discrepancy and marginal discrepancy according to occlusal vent hole, groups with occlusal vent hole showed significantly less marginal discrepancy than groups with no occlusal vent hole(p<0.05). 3. In comparison of occlusal surface discrepancy and marginal discrepancy according to 0.5mm-marginal-vent-space, groups with no 0.5mm-marginal-vent-space showed significantly less marginal discrepancy than groups with 0.5mm-marginal-vent-space (p<0.05). In summary these results suggest that individual tooth tray made of 3 types of materials with occlusal vent hole and individual tooth tray made of acrylic resin with no marginal vent space showed good accuracy of impression. In addition, individual tooth tray which is made of bite registration materials may be more useful because of advantage in facility and timesaving aspect of fabrication.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 1995

The density of ATP-sensitive potassium($K_{APT}$) channels, that open as intracellular ATP concentration falls below a critical level, is very high in skeletal muscle surface membrane and those high density may imply that $K_{ATP}$ channels have very important physiological roles. To elucidate a role of $K_{ATP}$ in relation to fatigue, the modulating effects of potassium channel openers and blockers on the fatigue velocity(FV) of mouse extensor hallucis longus muscle(EHL) were investigated in vitro. Twitch contraction was induced by an electrical field stimulation (EFS: 24-48V, 20ms, 0.2-4Hz) and resulting contraction force was isometrically recorded. The twitch forces were gradually decreased to 25% of initial contraction force(ICF) in $37.52{\pm}1.55sec$($mean{\pm}s.e.m.$, n=135), indicating the fatigue phenomena. The mean velocity for development of the fatigue was measured during the period that twitch force decreased to half($FV_{0/0.5}$) and during the period from half to 25%($FV_{0.5/0.25}$) of ICF. The fatigue was induced once every one hour and the tissue response was stable for up to 4 hours. In control condition, ICF was $5.8{\pm}0.12g$ (n=144) and decreased to 50% of ICF with the mean fatigue velocity of $0.182{\pm}0.006g/sec$($FV_{0/0.5}$, n=135) and from 50% to 25% of ICF with $0.084{\pm}0.004g/sec$($FV_{0.5/0.25}$, n=135). Cromakalim($50{\mu}M$) significantly increased $FV_{0.5/0.25}$(n=4). Glibenclamide($IC_{50}>50{\mu}M$), $Ba^{2+}$($IC_{50}=10{\mu}M$), 4-aminopyridine($FV_{0/0.5}$, $IC_{50}=0.5mM$; $FV_{0.5/0.25}$, $IC_{50}=2mM$) decreased both $FV_{0/0.5}$ and $FV_{0.5/0.25}$ concentration-dependently up to 75%. $TEA^+$(30mM), E-4031($10{\mu}M$), tolbutamide(1mM) decreased $FV_{0.5/0.25}$, but apamin(300nM) and $TEA^+$(10mM) showed no significant effects. Our results suggest that activation of the $K_{ATP}$ channels may be major cause of $K^+$ outflux during development of the fatigue and the isolated EHL muscle could be an useful experimental preparation in studying the fatigue phenomena in skeletal muscle. In addition, the possibility of activation of delayed rectifier during the fatigue development remains to be studied further.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.429-434
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• 2014

This study describes the efficient method for the discrimination of 'Cheonryang' in Panax ginseng Meyer using a STS primer. A total of 208 STS primers were applied to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for discriminating Korean ginseng cultivars. Co-dominant polymorphic band patterns were generated with two primers, MFGp 0019, MFGp 0248, and successful identification of 'Cheonryang' was achieved from out of 11 Korean ginseng cultivars. Two different sizes of DNA band patterns were detected with MFGp 0019 primer. Ten Korean ginseng cultivars shared the same size of amplified DNAs (389 bp), but 'Cheonryang' showed a different size. Thus 'Cheonryang' can be efficiently distinguished from the other ten ginseng cultivars by using the MFGp 0019 primer. In the case of MFGp 0248, two different sizes of DNA band patterns were detected in the eleven ginseng cultivars. Same sized amplified DNA bands (307 bp) were shown in five cultivars (Chunpoong, Gopoong, Kumpoong, Cheongsun, Sunhyang) and 254 bp sized DNA bands were identified in the other 6 cultivars (Yunpoong, Sunpoong, Sunun, Sunone, Cheonryang, K-1). In conclusion, the two STS primers, MFGp 0019, and MFGp 0248, provide a rapid and reliable method for the specific identification of 'Cheonryang' cultivar from a large number of samples.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.254-258
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• 1997

To examine the characteristics of the antioxidative property of Buckwheat components, acetone extracts from a buckwheat, Suwon 5, was fractionated using five solvents. Hexane, ethylacetate, ether, butanol and water fractions were obtained. Butanol fraction showed the greatest electron donating ability and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. It also showed the most excellent activity in the superoxide radical scavenging activity by xanthine/xanthine oxidase-cytochrome c reduction system. Spectrophotogram of butanol fraction was similar to that of rutin. Superoxide radical scavenging activity was related to the contents of rutin. Inhibitory effect of each fraction on xanthine oxidase was also measured. Butanol fraction had the strongest inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase and $IC_{50}\;was\;3.1\;{\mu}g$. The inhibition type of butanol fraction on xanthine oxidase turned out to be a mixture of the uncompetitive and non-competitive modes.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 1992

The processing conditions and food components of meaty textured sardine burgers were studied to develope a new form of burger, The separated sardine meat was chopped, mixed with 14.1% emulsion curd, 1.5% table salt, 2.0% sugar, 0.4% sodium bicarbonate, 0.2% polyphosphate, 0.1% monosodium glutamate, 8.0% bread powder, 0.4% onion powder, 0.1% garlic powder, 0.1% ginger powder and 3.0% soybean protein by remodeled stone mortar. This seasoned sardine meat was fried in soybean oil $(165{\pm}2^{\circ}C,\;3min)$. The main fatty acids of sardine burger were palmitic acid, oletic, acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Amino acid composition of sardine burger were mainly consisted of histidine, glutamic acid, leucine and lysine. The major taste compounds in the product were revealed nucleotides and their related compounds $(11.19{\sim}11.96\;{\mu}mole/g)$ such as IMP and free amino acids (1824.8 mg/100g) such as histidine, glutamic acid, leucine and lysine. Total creatinine, betaine and trimethylamine oxide were seemed to act an auxiliary role in taste of product.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.254-258
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• 2000

Invasion process of bacterial cell into intestinal epithelium is important in Salmonella infection. The invasion is induced by the proteins secreted by type III secretion appratus of Salmonella. It has been known that the proteins do not have N-terminal signal peptide existing in general secreted proteins. Recent studies on Yersinia reported that secretion signal of type III appratus may lie on 5'end secondary structure of mRNA of secreted protein. In this study, we constructed translational fusion of ompR and sopE, encoding type III secretion protein of Salmonella, and observed secretion of the fusion protein for investigating the secretion signal of Salmonella type III appratus. The sopE DNA fragments of the translational fusion contain the region of promoter and from start code to tenth or to fifth code. These translational fusions indicate that type III secretion signal of Salmonella is located on 5'end of mRNA encoding secreted protein. We constructed prototype of secretion vector using this signal to produce useful foreign protein.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.248-254
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• 2008

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is one of the most popular farmed fish in Korea. Genetic variability of the fish was investigated by means of microsatellite DNA markers. All of the 8 microsatellite loci were analyzed in this study. For the confirmation of genetic variation during a shift in generation, microsatellite variability was compared within the same hatchery strains but produced in different spawning years. When genetic variability of farmed flounders produced in 2006 and 2007 was compared with that of 2003, a marked reduction of genetic variability was observed in the 2006 and 2007 populations. Mean number of alleles per locus and expected mean heterozygosity decreased from 9.75 and 0.796 (in 2003 population) to 7.78 and 0.785 (in 2006 population), respectively. Moreover, we have observed the distortion of allele frequency. These results show that reduced genetic variability of farmed olive flounder in processed generation has lower numbers of alleles and genetic variability than these of wild fish. Our results suggest that to have a sustainable aquaculture of this species, there is need for scientific broodstock management based on genetic variation and more intensive breeding practices to improve genetic diversity and to avoid detrimental inbreeding effects.