• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2017

Insufficient vitamin D intake is a major health problem around the world. Recently, many studies have suggested that vitamin D intake may influence insulin resistance. However, little is known about the association between vitamin D and diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and diabetes mellitus in Korean adults. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 3,686 participants of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013~2014 aged 19 years and higher. The results showed that the mean serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level in Korean adults was 16.77 ng/mL, and 74.2% of them had an insufficient serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level (below 20 ng/mL). In normal and pre-diabetic groups, the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level significantly increased with age (P<0.001), but there was no significant difference relative to age in the diabetic group. Low vitamin D levels (25-hydroxy vitamin D < 10 ng/mL) were associated with increased fasting blood glucose levels, compared with optimal vitamin D levels (25-hydroxy vitamin D > 30 ng/mL), after adjusting for variables that may affect fasting blood glucose, but this result was not significant. In conclusion, although no significant association was observed between diabetes prevalence and vitamin D levels in this study, further studies are needed because the effect of vitamin D on diabetes remains controversial. This nutrient plays a crucial role in the body, and levels are insufficient in the Korean population.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제79권3호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2016

Background: Vitamin D is known to have diverse effects on various systems in the body. There is evidence to suggest that a link exists between the serum vitamin D status and tuberculosis. The present study was designed to assess the alterations in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in newly diagnosed sputum acid fast bacilli (AFB) positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients and to study the association, if any, between serum vitamin D levels and different levels of sputum smear positivity. Methods: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were estimated in 65 sputum AFB positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 65 age and gender-matched healthy controls. Results: The levels of serum 25 hydroxy-vitamin D in tuberculosis patients were not statistically different from the levels of serum 25 hydroxy-vitamin D in healthy controls. However, among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, there was a significant negative correlation between the levels of serum 25 hydroxy-vitamin D and levels of sputum positivity. Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels negatively correlates with bacterial load in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2010

Vitamin D의 주된 작용은 칼슘과 인의 흡수증가로 인한 골의 무기질화이며 vitamin D 결핍 시 에는 소아에서는 연골에 석회 침착이 안되어 구루병을 일으키고 성인에서는 골연화증 또는 골다공증이 생긴다. 또한 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 모든 암세포의 성장을 억제하고 심장병 등도 예방한다는 역학 연구 결과들이 발표되어 혈중 최적의 vitamin D농도에 관한 연구가 지속되고 있지만 일반적으로는 20~32 ng/mL의 농도가 최적의 농도라고 여겨지고 있다. 이에 우리 한국인들의 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$농도를 측정하여 어느 정도의 농도를 유지하고 있는지 분석해 보고자 하였다. 2008년 2월20일부터 2009년 4월21일까지 14개월간 (재)네오딘의학연구소에 의뢰된 의료기관 종합검진 수진자 들의 혈청 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$ 검사한 2,800검체를 수집하였다. 이 검체는 모두 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$ ($^{125}I$ Kit: Diasorin, USA)로 검사한 후 성별, 연령별, 계절별, 지역별로 분석하여 보았다. 총 2800 검체 중 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$ 평균농도는 남 20ng/mL 여 17.22 ng/mL 연령별로는 남자 10~20세 18 ng/mL, 21~30세 17 ng/mL, 31~40세 19 ng/mL, 41~50세 21 ng/mL, 51~60세는 22 ng/mL, 61~70세는 22 ng/mL, 71~80세 22 ng/mL, 81~90세는 19.9 ng/mL 여자 10~20세는 16 ng/mL, 21~30세는 15.26 ng/mL, 31~40세는 16 ng/mL, 41~50세는 17ng/mL, 51~60세는 19 ng/mL, 61~70세는 19 ng/mL, 71~80세는 19 ng/mL, 81~90세는 17 ng/mL이었다. 계절별로는 12월~5월이 15.97 ng/mL 6월~11월이 21.60 ng/mL이었다. 지역별로는 1월~4월까지의 남성을 비교해 본 결과 서울 경기 15.52ng/mL 강원도 15.33 ng/mL 충청도 18.03 ng/mL 전라도 18.68 ng/mL 경상도 18.76 ng/mL 제주도 21.23 ng/mL의 농도를 보였다. 한국인 일반인(칼슘 보충제나 종합비타민제의 복용상태는 모름)을 대상으로 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$검사를 하였을때 최소치 1.98 ng/mL, 최대치 58.66 ng/mL의 분포를 보여 메뉴얼에서 제시한 Deficiency (0~5 ng/mL)에 0.3%의 상태가 있었고, Insufficiency (5~20 ng/mL) 63.3% Hypovitaminosis(20~40 ng/mL)는 36.0%인 것으로 나타났으며 Sufficiency(40~100 ng/mL)는 0.4%로 나타났다. 또한 Toxicity (>100ng/mL)상태의 대상자는 없었다. 분석결과는 실외활동을 많이 하는 남성이 여성보다 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$가 높았으며 연령별로는 남 여 모두 51~80세가 가장 높았다. 또한 계절별로는 6~11월이 높았다. 지역별로는 지방이 도시보다 높았다. 최근 vitamin D의 적정농도가 골다공증과 암 예방을 할 수 있다는 연구결과가 이슈가 되고 있는 시점에 한국인의 vitamin D농도가 다른 논문에서 언급한 20~32 ng/mL에는 미치지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 물론 한국인의 참고치가 미 설정된 상태이기에 더 많은 연구와 노력이 필요하리라 생각된다. Vitamin D의 급원인 자외선이 중요한 만큼 모든 사람들이 실외활동 시간을 많이 늘려야 할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 RIA 방법이 많이 줄고 있는 이 시점에 방법이 불편하긴 하지만 vitamin D의 유용성을 높이 평가해 종합검진이나 R&D용 등으로 검사가 널리 되었으면 하는 바램이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.120-131
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Low early pregnancy serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels can increase gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk, although inconsistent findings related to that association have been reported. This study examined the association of serum vitamin D with GDM and the possible influencers on this association. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 259 pregnant women within the Seremban Cohort Study (SECOST). Blood samples at < 14 weeks of gestation were drawn to determine serum 25(OH)D levels. GDM diagnosis was made at 24 to 32 weeks of gestation using a standard procedure. Association between serum vitamin D and GDM was tested using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Nearly all women (90%) had mild (68.3%) or severe (32.2%) vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Non-GDM women with mild VDD had a significantly higher mean vitamin D intake than GDM women with mild VDD (t = 2.04, p < 0.05). Women with higher early pregnancy serum vitamin D levels had a greater risk of GDM. However, this significant association was only identified among those with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and in women with a body mass index indicating overweight or obese status. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of VDD in this sample of pregnant women underscores the need for effective preventive public health strategies. Further investigation of this unexpected association between serum vitamin D level and GDM risk in predominantly VDD pregnant women and the potential effects of adiposity and family history of T2DM on that association is warranted.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2014

Background: The true association between breast cancer and vitamin D is currently under investigation. We compared serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels in women with benign and malignant breast masses and controls. Materials and Methods: Levels of vitamin D were measured by electrochemiluminescense. Serum levels >35 ng/ml, 25-35 ng/ml, 12.5-25 ng/ml and <12.5 ng/ml were considered as normal, mild, moderate and severe vitamin D deficiency, respectively. Results: Overall, 364 women were included in the control, 172 in the benign and 136 in the malignant groups. The median serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in breast cancers than controls. Levels were also lower in malignant than benign cases and in benign cases than controls although statistically non-significant. Conclusions: Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that severe vitamin D deficiency causes a three-fold increase in the risk of breast cancer while this was not the case for moderate and mild deficiency.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1426-1433
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• 2022

Objective: The present research was conducted to evaluate the interactive effect of dietary concentration of calcium (Ca) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD3) on the performance, blood composition and digestibility of laying hens. Methods: A total of 540 Hy-line brown laying hens aged 61 to 70 weeks were randomly allotted in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, consisting of three levels of 25OHD3 (0, 25, and 50 ㎍/kg) and three levels of Ca (3.5%, 4.0%, and 4.5%). All diets had basal concentration of 3,000 IU/kg of vitamin D3 including the 2,800 kcal/kg of metabolic energy and 16% of crude protein. Results: The results showed that interactive effect (p<0.05) between Ca and 25OHD3 was such that dietary 25OHD3 linearly increased interleukin-6 at all levels of Ca inclusion. Interaction (p<0.05) occurred with the highest parathyroid hormone in laying hens that received dietary concentration of Ca (3.5%) with 25OHD3 (50 ㎍/kg), and Ca (4.0%) with 25OHD3 (50 ㎍/kg). Egg production and egg weight significantly (p<0.05) increased in the 4.5% Ca group compared to the 3.5% to 4.0% Ca groups. Egg shell thickness and tibia bone length also increased (p<0.05) in groups fed a high-Ca diet (4.0% to 4.5%). Phosphorus digestibility significantly (p<0.05) increased along with dietary Ca level. Among the tested 25OHD3 groups, higher (p<0.05) egg production and tibia thickness were present in hens fed 50 ㎍/kg of 25OHD3. Furthermore, Ca digestibility serum Ca and 25OHD3 were significantly increased in group offered 50 ㎍/kg of 25OHD3. Conclusion: The results gathered in this study indicate that dietary concentrations of 4.0% to 4.5% Ca and 50 ㎍/kg 25OHD3 improve the performance of hens from 61 to 70 weeks of age.

• 대한지역사회영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한지역사회영양학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.442.1-442
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• 2004

본 연구는 폐경전 성인여성들의 식이섭취와 혈청 vitamin D농도수준을 통해 vitamin D영양상태를 알아보고 신체계측, 옥외 활동시간, 영양소섭취실태가 vitamin D영양상태에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 성인여성 61명을 대상으로 신체계측을 실시하고 설문지 및 식사기록법을 이용하여 주중 및 주말의 옥외활동시간과 주요 영양소 및 비타민 D의 섭취량을 조사하였으며, 혈청내 25-hydroxy vitamin D 및 혈청 무기질 Ca, p의 농도를 측정하였다.(중략)

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2019

Objective: To investigate serum 25-hydroxyl vitamin D (25(OH)D) and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) concentrations in women with endometriosis according to the severity of disease. Methods: Women with mild endometriosis (n = 9) and advanced endometriosis (n = 7), as well as healthy controls (n = 16), were enrolled in this observational study. Serum total 25(OH)D concentrations were analyzed using the Elecsys vitamin D total kit with the Cobas e602 module. Concentrations of bioavailable and free 25(OH)D were calculated. Concentrations of VDBP were measured using the Human Vitamin D BP Quantikine ELISA kit. Variables were tested for normality and homoscedasticity using the Shapiro-Wilk test and Leven F test, respectively. Correlation analysis was used to identify the variables related to total 25(OH)D and VDBP levels. To assess the effects of total 25(OH)D and VDBP levels in the three groups, multivariate generalized additive modeling (GAM) was performed. Results: Gravidity and parity were significantly different across the three groups. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and CA-125 levels increased as a function of endometriosis severity, respectively (p= 0.051, p= 0.004). The correlation analysis showed that total 25(OH)D levels were positively correlated with gravidity (r = 0.59, p< 0.001) and parity (r = 0.51, p< 0.003). Multivariate GAM showed no significant relationship of total 25(OH)D levels with EMT severity after adjusting for gravidity and ESR. However, the coefficient of total 25(OH)D levels with gravidity was significant (1.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-3.63; p= 0.040). Conclusion: These results indicate that vitamin D and VDBP levels were not associated with the severity of endometriosis.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.254-260
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• 2013

Purpose: Recently, vitamin D insufficiency has increased and has been correlated to growth and puberty in children. This study was conducted to find the prevalence of subclinical vitamin D insufficiency and its influence on school-aged children in Korea. Methods: The subjects of this study were 397 children aged 7 to 15 years who had been tested for 25-OH vitamin D3 among the outpatients of the Department of Pediatrics in Eulji General Hospital from March 2007 to February 2011. Data for age, sex, comorbidities, serum 25-OH vitamin D3, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and sunlight exposure time were collected before and after 3 months of vitamin D administration, retrospectively. Results: Vitamin D insufficiency was present in 343 (86%) of the subjects. In the vitamin D insufficient group, chronological age was $8.96{\pm}1.72$ years, mean height (z-score [z]) was $0.51{\pm}1.26$, mean BMI (z) was $0.81{\pm}2.20$, and bone age was $10.26{\pm}1.75$ years. In the vitamin D sufficient group, chronological age was $9.61{\pm}1.77$ years, mean height (z) was -$0.66{\pm}0.98$, mean BMI (z) was -$0.01{\pm}1.16$, and bone age was $9.44{\pm}2.12$ years. A paired t-test showed that three months after vitamin D administration, the mean 25-OH vitamin D3 level in the insufficient group increased to $24.38{\pm}10.03$ ng/mL and mean BMI (z) decreased to $0.67{\pm}1.06$. Conclusion: In Korean school-aged children, vitamin D insufficiency were relatively higher and may be closely related with higher BMI. Insufficient rise of the level of vitamin D after supplementation suggest the new supplementation guidelines, especially for Korean children.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2014

Objective: To investigate: the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and the relationship between vitamin D status and clinical or metabolic features in this group. Methods: We recruited 38 women with PCOS using the Rotterdam criteria. A total of 109 premenopausal control women were matched with patients based on age and body mass index. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations less than 20 ng/mL were classified as frank vitamin D deficiency. Since vitamin D may play a significant role in metabolic disturbances in women with PCOS, correlations between clinical or metabolic parameters and vitamin D status were analyzed separately in patients and controls. Results: Women with PCOS showed no differences in the level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D ($19.6{\pm}6.6ng/mL$ in patients vs. $20.1{\pm}7.4ng/mL$ in controls, respectively, p=0.696) or prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (57.9% in patients vs. 56.5% in controls, respectively, p=0.880). In addition, we did not find any correlations between serum vitamin D level and clinical or metabolic profiles in either PCOS patients or controls. Conclusion: Our study found no differences in the absolute level of serum vitamin D between PCOS patients and matched controls. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was equally common among both patients and controls. Additionally, we did not find any correlations between serum vitamin D level and clinical or metabolic profiles, suggesting that the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of PCOS is not yet clear.