• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.46-61
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• 1998

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin D nutritional status on bone mineral density of adults (21-49 years). To attain the aim, we measured bone mineral density (BMD) of the subjects at distal radius by single-photon absorptiometry (SPA). Serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-(OH)D) , known to be the best indicator of indicator of vitamin D status in humans was analyzed . The factors affecting this vitamin D level were also investigated in autumn in 122 young adults. Serum level of 25-(OH)D was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC) and biochemical variables, general health status, time spent outdoors, and dietary intakes of the subjects. BMD of the male subjects was significantly greater than that of female subjects. Weight, activity and total energy expediture (TEE) showed a positive correlation with distal BMD. The mean level of serum 25-(OH)D was 24.4$\pm$11.0 ng./ml and by sex, 26.0$\pm$6.8ng/ml for males and 23.3$\pm$12.3ng/ml for females , the level was significantly higher in male (p<0.01). there was significant correlation between BMD at distal-radius and s-25(OH)D levels (p<0.001). The serum level fo parathyroid hormone (PTH) showed a negative correlation with BMD(p<0.05), with the more obvious correlation in females. Vitamin D intake was estimated to be 3.75$\pm$2.19ug/day in average. Among the nutrients studied, protein ,fat, calcium , and vitamin D intake were positively correlated with distal BMD. When food frequencies were concerned , milk and dairy products showed a significant positive correlation with the BMD level, and driedfoods, eggs , fats and oils, and cereals also showed a positive correlation. Time spent outdoors was estimated to be about 70 minutes in average and positively correlated with the distal BMD level(p<0.01). During the day, the specific time between 12 :00pm and 2:00pm showed the most significant correlation with BMD (p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis with the variables showed that distal BMD could be fit 31.9% by the time spent outdoors a day, intake of Ca and vitamin D, and TEE. The standardized estimates were 0.344 for vitamin D intake, 0.284 for Ca intake 0.179 for the time spent outdoors a day and 0.273 for TEE. For males, s-25*OH)D level, TEE and time spent outdoors during a day showed a significant correlation. For females, intake of Ca and vitamin D could fit about 27.1% of the distal BMD.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the vitamin D status and to determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods in Korean adults and older adults. Methods: Subjects were 10,374 adults and 2,792 older adults participating in the 2008-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods were estimated by using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Eleven food items such as beef, egg, mackerel, tuna, yellow corvina, pollack, anchovy, mushroom, milk, yogurt, and ice cream were selected as vitamin D rich foods based on previous research. Results: The proportions of deficiency (< 12 ng/mL), inadequacy (12-20 ng/mL) and sufficiency (${\geq}20ng/mL$) of serum 25(OH)D concentrations from June to November and December to May in adults were 8.8%, 42.3%, 48.8%, and 28.2%, 52.8%, 19.1%, respectively. The proportions of deficiency, inadequacy and sufficiency of serum 25(OH)D concentrations from June to November and December to May in older adults were 10.1%, 32.4%, 57.5%, and 24.1%, 45.4%, 30.5%, respectively. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in adults were positively related to the consumption frequencies of mackerel, anchovy, all fish, milk and milk dairy products. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in older adults were positively related to the consumption frequencies of yellow corvina and negatively related to the consumption frequencies of ice cream. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Korean adults were more deficient in serum 25(OH)D concentrations than older adults. The consumption of vitamin D rich foods may affect vitamin D status in Korean adults. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7337-7341
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• 2014

Background: The physiological role of vitamin D extends beyond bone health and calcium-phosphate homeostasis to effects on cancer risk, mainly for colorectal cancer. Vitamin D may have an anticancer effect in colorectal cancer mediated by binding of the active form $1,25(OH)_2D$ to the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The Taq1 VDR gene polymorphism, a C-to-T base substitution (rs731236) in exon 9 may influence its expression and function. The aim of this study wass to determine the 25(OH)D vitamin D level and to investigate the association between circulating vitamin D level and Taq1VDR gene polymorphism among Jordanian colorectal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This case control study enrolled ninety-three patients and one hundred and two healthy Jordanian volunteers from AL-Basheer Hospital/Amman (2012-2013). Ethical approval and signed consent forms were obtained from all participants before sample collection. 25(OH)D levels were determined by competitive immunoassay Elecsys (Roche Diagnostic, France). DNA was extracted (Promega, USA) and amplified by PCR followed by VDR Taq1 restriction enzyme digestion. The genotype distribution was evaluated by paired t-test and chi-square. Comparison between vitamin D levels among CRC and control were assessed by odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Results: The vitamin D serum level was significantly lower among colorectal cancer patients (8.34 ng/ml) compared to the healthy control group (21.02ng/ml). Patients deficient in vitamin D (less than 10.0 ng/ml) had increased colorectal cancer risk 19.2 fold compared to control. Only 2.2% of CRC patients had optimal vitamin D compared to 23.5% among healthy control. TT, Tt and tt Taq1 genotype frequencies among CRC cases was 35.5%, 50.5% and 14% compared to 43.1%, 41.2% and 15.7% among healthy control; respectively. CRC patients had lower mean vitamin D level among TT ($8.91{\pm}4.31$) and Tt ($9.15{\pm}5.25$) genotypes compared to control ($21.3{\pm}8.31$) and ($19.3{\pm}7.68$); respectively. Conclusions: There is significant association between low 25(OH)D serum level and colorectal cancer risk. The VDRTaq1 polymorphism was associated with increased colorectal cancer risk among patient with VDRTaq1 TT and Tt genotypes. Understanding the functional mechanism of VDRTaq1 TT and Tt may provide a strategy for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2015

목적: 국내 말기암환자를 대상으로 혈중 vitamin D 농도를 측정하고, 생존기간과의 관련성에 대하여 확인해 본다. 방법: 2012년 5월부터 15개월 동안, 국내 일개 병원의 말기암환자 96명을 대상으로 후향적 의무기록 조사를 시행하였다. Vitamin D 결핍에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 파악하기 위해 단순 로지스틱 회귀분석과 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였고, vitamin D가 생존기간에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 다변수 분석으로 Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis를 실시하였다. 결과: 대상자의 평균 연령은 $67.06{\pm}13.77$세였고, 모든 대상자가 ECOG PS 3점 이상이었으며 혈중25(OH)D 농도는 평균 $8.60{\pm}7.16ng/ml$였다. 3명(3.1%)만이 vitamin D 충분상태(혈중 25(OH)D 농도${\geq}30ng/ml$)였으며, 5명은 vitamin D 상대적결핍상태(혈중 25(OH) 농도 20~30 ng/ml)였고, 13명(13.5%)은 vitamin D 결핍(혈중 25(OH)D 농도 10~20 ng/ml), 75명(78.1%)은 vitamin D 중증결핍상태(혈중 25(OH)D<10 ng/ml) 였다. 혈중 빌리루빈 농도가 1.2 mg/dl 이상인 경우 vitamin D 중증결핍과 관련이 있었다(Odds ratio, OR=5.041; P=0.039). 혈중 빌리루빈 농도가 높을수록 혈중 vitamin D 농도가 낮았으며, 고빌리루빈혈증인 환자는 vitamin D 중증결핍에 속할 위험이 더 크고(OR=18.476, P<0.05), 중앙생존기간도 유의하게 짧았다. Vitamin D 중증결핍인 경우 추정된 중앙생존기간은 짧았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 다변량 분석결과에서 vitamin D 중증결핍은 사망의 위험인자가 아니었다. 결론: 말기암환자에서 혈중 vitamin D 결핍은 매우 심각하였으나, vitamin D 중증결핍이 생존기간에 영향을 미치지는 않았다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Purpose: Obesity is associated with alterations in vitamin D metabolism and elevation of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Increased PTH level in obesity is likely one of the factors contributing to the dysregulation of vitamin D metabolism. We investigated the effects of lowering the PTH level in high-fat diet-induced obese mice on vitamin D metabolism. Methods: Five-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were fed either with control (10% energy as fat) or high-fat (60% energy as fat) diets ad libitum for 12 weeks, and vehicle or cinacalcet HCl (30 ㎍/g body weight) was gavaged daily during the final week of the experiment. The following groups were studied: CON (control diet + vehicle), HFD (high-fat diet + vehicle), and HFD-CIN (high-fat diet + cinacalcet HCl). PTH, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]₂D), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), calcium, and phosphate levels in circulation, and the expression of genes related to vitamin D metabolism in the liver and kidneys were determined. Results: Renal 1α-hydroxylase expression in the HFD group was higher than that in the CON group despite the lack of a difference in the PTH levels between the 2 groups. The plasma PTH level in the HFD-CIN group was 60% lower than that in the HFD group (p < 0.05). In parallel, the HFD-CIN group had lower adipose tissue amount (9% lower), renal 1α-hydroxylase expression (48% lower), and plasma 1,25(OH)₂D concentration (38% lower) than the HFD group. Conclusion: Lowering the PTH levels in high-fat diet-induced obese mice recovered the expression of renal 1α-hydroxylase and might be associated with lower amounts of white adipose tissue.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D and zinc are recognized for their roles in immune-modulation, and their deficiencies are suggested to be important risk factors for childhood infections. This study, therefore, undertook to assess the occurrence of infections in rural Indian schoolchildren, subsequent to daily supplementation with vitamin D-calcium or zinc for 6 months. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in apparently healthy 6-12 year-old rural Indian children, recruited to 3 study arms: vitamin D arm (1,000 IU D3 - 500 mg calcium, n = 135), zinc arm (10 mg, n = 150) and placebo arm (n = 150). The infection status was assessed using a validated questionnaire, and the biochemical parameters of serum 25(OH)D and serum zinc were measured by ELISA and colorimetry, respectively. The primary outcome variable was occurrence of infections (upper respiratory and total infections). RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D concentration in the vitamin D arm improved significantly by 34%, from 59.7 ± 10.9 nmol/L to 80 ± 23.3 nmol/L (P < 0.0001), but no improvement was observed for serum zinc concentration. While there was significant increase in the percentage of children reporting no or mild upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and total infections (TI) in all three groups, improvements in the supplemented groups were similar to the placebo group. However, the vitamin D arm reported lower URTI and TI status in the vitamin D sufficient versus insufficient children. Also, URTI and TI status were found to be significantly (P < 0.0001) lower in children with improved 25(OH)D versus unchanged 25(OH)D. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D-calcium supplementation helped to improve the vitamin D status but exerts no effect on the occurrence of infections when compared to the placebo group. Improvement in the serum 25(OH)D concentrations and attainment of vitamin D sufficiency may exert a beneficial effect on the infection status and needs to be investigated further. To evaluate the efficacy of zinc supplementation, higher dosages need to be administered in future studies.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2003

Parathyroid hormone has clearly emerged as the most promising new anabolic treatment for osteoporosis by increasing the activation of osteoblast. It is known that chlorella increases both bone mineral density (BMD) and the rate of bone formation. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the chlorella dietary supplementation could effect the thyroid or parathyroid hormones associated with increased BMD and bone formation. Twenty-two postmenopausal woman were treated for four month with 4 gm of chlorella dietary supplementation per day, then assessed serum calcium,25 OH vitamin D$_3$, thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone before and after treatment. The mean 25 OH vitamin D$_3$ and parathyroid hormone were shown to marked increases by 193% and 265% respectively, in contrast to decreases by 9.4%, 37%, 33% and 14% in serum calcium, triiodo-thyroxine, free thyroxine and thyroxine stimulation hormone. In conclusion, treatment of postmenopausal women with chlorella dietary supplementation resulted in an increase in BMD and bone formation through enhancement of parathyroid hormone and 25 OH vitamin D$_3$, and a decrease in thyroid hormones.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.443-452
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• 1994

This study describes the effects of novel1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D$_3$ analong[1,25(OH)$_2$-16ene-23yne-26, 27-F6-D$_3$] on proliferation of the human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 in vitro. We also examined the expression of c-myc oncogene in U937 cells was apparently inhibited to 62% and 87% of the control level after 4 days in the presence of 10-8M and 10-7 M of this analog, respectively. This compound morpholgically and functionally differentiated U937 cells to nonocyte-macrophage phenotype showing the increase of adherence ability to surface and a decrease of N/C ratio in Giemsa staining . Especially, nonspecific esterase activity which is a marker of cell differentiation to monocyte-macrophage was positive, and production of the positive stained cells increased in a dose dependent fashion . The expression of c-myc oncogene by 1, 25(OH)$_2$D$_3$ analog(10-7 M) was reduced by 60% at the mRNA level as determined by Northern blotting. The effects of this novel analog on cell proliferation and cell differentiation may open op new therapeutic strategies for human disorders such as psoriassis and may provide a tool to understand the mechanism of action of vitamin D$_3$ seco-steroids in malignancy.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.120-131
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Low early pregnancy serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels can increase gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk, although inconsistent findings related to that association have been reported. This study examined the association of serum vitamin D with GDM and the possible influencers on this association. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 259 pregnant women within the Seremban Cohort Study (SECOST). Blood samples at < 14 weeks of gestation were drawn to determine serum 25(OH)D levels. GDM diagnosis was made at 24 to 32 weeks of gestation using a standard procedure. Association between serum vitamin D and GDM was tested using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Nearly all women (90%) had mild (68.3%) or severe (32.2%) vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Non-GDM women with mild VDD had a significantly higher mean vitamin D intake than GDM women with mild VDD (t = 2.04, p < 0.05). Women with higher early pregnancy serum vitamin D levels had a greater risk of GDM. However, this significant association was only identified among those with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and in women with a body mass index indicating overweight or obese status. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of VDD in this sample of pregnant women underscores the need for effective preventive public health strategies. Further investigation of this unexpected association between serum vitamin D level and GDM risk in predominantly VDD pregnant women and the potential effects of adiposity and family history of T2DM on that association is warranted.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.333-339
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• 1995

[ $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$ ]가 치주인대세포의 증식에 미치는 영향과 조골세포 기능을 나타내는 지표이며 골의 석회화 과정에 관여하는 alkaline phosphatase의 활성도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여 아직 확실히 밝혀져 있지 않은 치주인대조직에 대한 $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$의 생물학적 기능을 알아보고자 교정 치료 목적으로 발거된 치아로부터 치주인대세포를 배양하였다. $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$를 첨가하여 24시간 후 [${^3}H$]thymidine으로 DNA를 표지하여 세포의 증식을 관찰하였으며 $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$가 치주인대세포에서 조골세포의 표지효소인 alkaline phosphatase의 활성도에 미치는 영향을 24시간 또는 6일간 $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$ 처리후 측정한 결과 100nM농도의 $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$은 치주인대세포의 증식을 유의하게 증가시켰으며 10nM에서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$을 24시간 첨가시 10nM에서는 ALP활성도는 $80.8\pm31.4$nmol로 서 대조군 $38.5\pm5.3$nmol에 비해 유의하게 증가하였으며 또한 $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$을 6일동안 첨가하였을때에도 10nM에서 $106.7\pm23.0$nmol로 대조군 $29.3\pm1.0$nmol에 비해 유의하게 증가되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$이 치주인대세포의 증식 및 세포기능을 시사하는 결과로 사료된다.