• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2006년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.297-300
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• 2006

Various buildings constructed by environmentally friendly resources are being built in KOREA. Especially the building made by the wood, which has environmental characteristics that the reinforced concrete and brick doesn't have, are acknowledged with its superiority. Then, studies on indoor thermal control capability of the wooden building and influence of its indoor environment to sensory environment of occupants are not enough proceed. Thus, there were proceeded 24 hours measurements for indoor and outdoor thermal environmental elements of Log Cabins and the hourly subjective tests to evaluate indoor amenity of occupants in this study. The results of the study are following: 1) Upon evaluation on thermal environment elements, indoor and outdoor dry bulb temp were 22.0$^{\circ}C$ and -2.9$^{\circ}C$, and Indoor and outdoor average relative humidity were 25.8%and 52.7%. Differences of indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity were 24.9$^{\circ}C$ and 26.9%. 2) Upon contrastive analysis between the results of subjective tests, warm and cold sensation vote, and PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percent Dissatisfaction), values of subjective tests W.9

• 임상간호연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of real PCA education with practice on postoperative pain, consumption of analgesics, and anxiety for elderly patients with total hip arthroplasty. Methods: This study utilized a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 52 elderly patients (${\geq}65$) with total hip arthroplasty at the G. hospital in Seoul. The participants were recruited from December 3, 2014 to April 30, 2015. Twenty six of them were assigned to the experimental group and the other to the control group. Preoperative real PCA education with practice was performed individually with the experimental group by the author. Results: There were statistically significant differences in 24 and 48 hour postoperative pain (t=-2.59, p=.012; t=-3.80, p<.001 respectively), and in consumption of analgesics at 24 and 48 hours after operation between the two groups (t=-3.61, p<.001; t=-4.19, p<.001 respectively). However, no significant difference in anxiety (t=-1.03, p=.308) at 48 hour after operation. Conclusion: This study has confirmed that the individualized real PCA education with practice contributes to relieve postoperative pain and reduce analgesic uses of the elderly with total hip arthroplasty. Thus, it is highly recommended that this education program could be applied in clinical settings as a nursing intervention in reducing postoperative pain for the elderly with total hip arthroplasty.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2012

In this study, to present the data in the internal thermal condition of Double skin facade were measured internal temperature and inlet and outlet openings wind speed of double skin facade. Measurements were similar to temperatures in the upper double skin facade. Especially in summer, temperature stratification is through to be unfulfilled seamlessly despite inlet and outlet openings open. Double skin facade inlet and outlet openings of the air flow rate was slower outlet openings of the air flow rate than inlet openings of the air flow rate.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2003

동절기 콘크리트 시공에 있어서 낮은 외기온에 따른 콘크리트의 강도발현이 저하되며, 동결 및 융해에 따른 콘크리트의 내부조직의 이상으로 인해 내구성이 저하하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 한중콘크리트 제조시 조기강도를 확보하기 위해 혼화재의 사용을 경시하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 한중콘크리트의 제조시 혼화재의 사용에 따른 초기동해의 영향을 평가하기 위한 실험을 실시한 것으로서, 초기동해를 입히기 위한 실험 조건으로서, 본 연구는 초기 재령에서 콘크리트에 영향을 미치는 동결온도 및 동결지속시간, 초기양생시간에 따른 혼화재를 사용한 콘크리트의 강도발현특성을 검토하였으며, 실험조건으로서 초기양생기간을 비빔 직후, 12, 24, 48시간, 동결시간을 12, 24, 48시간, 동결온도는 -1, -10, $-15^{\circ}C$로 설정하여 실험을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 실험결과 고로슬래그 미분말의 대체율이 증가할수록 초기재령에서의 강도발현은 지연되는 것으로 나타났으나, 응결을 고려할 경우 고로슬래그 미분말 대체율 20%까지는 거의 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 동결에 따른 강도발현특성을 살펴보면, 비빔 직후 동결시킨 경우에서는 동결온도와 상관없이 재령 28일에 있어서 동결 받지 않은 경우의 80%를 발현하는 것으로 나타났으나, 12시간 이상 양생을 실시한 후 동결시킨 경우에 있어서는 동결온도 및 동결시간과 상관없이 동결시키지 않은 경우와 거의 유사한 강도를 발현하는 것으로 나타났으며, 모든 실험조건에서 혼화재를 사용한 경우에 있어서는 고로슬래그 미분말에 의한 강도회복효과가 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 동절기 초기재령에서 적절한 양생을 실시한다면, 한중콘크리트 제조시 고로슬래그 및 플라이애시와 같은 혼화재의 사용에 따른 콘크리트의 성능향상 효과가 매우 클 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2003

동절기에 산란피크 기간의 대부분이 해당되는 육용종계 산란기의 적정 에너지공급체계를 구명하기 위하여 강원도 홍천군 북방면 소재 홍천종계에서 케이지 사양형태의 로스 육용종계 400수를 공시하여 2002년 10월부터 2003년 7월까지 40주간(24∼64주령) 표 3과 같은 4가지 에너지공급체계로 사양시험을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 총 산란율, 종란 산란율 및 평균난중은 전반적으로 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았고, 55∼64주령의 산란후기에만 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 있었으나 에너지 공급수준에 따른 일정한 경향은 없었다. 2) 사료요구율과 ME 요구량 및 사료비는 모두 1일 에너지공급량이 많아질수록 증가하는 경향을 보였고(P<0.05), CP 요구량은 처리간에 유의적인 차이는 있었으나(P<0.05) 일정한 경향은 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 1일 ME 공급량을 24주령에 280 kcal로부터 30∼34주령에 400 kcal까지 증가시키고 35주령 이후 380 kcal를 공급하여 전반적인 에너지공급량이 가장 적었던 Tl처리가 산란능력에 지장 없이 사료요구율과 ME요구량 및 사료비를 낮출 수 있었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2003

하절기에 산란피크기간의 대부분이 해당되는 육용종계 산란기의 적정 에너지공급체계를 구명하기 위하여 강원도 홍천군 북방면소재 홍천종계에서 케이지 사양형태의 로스 육용종계 400를 공시하여 2002년 4월부터 2003년 l월까지 40주간 (24∼64주령 ) Table 2 와 같은 4 가지 에너지공급체계 사양시험을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 총 산란율, 종란 산란율, 평균난중 및 성계 생존율은 모두 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았으나, 산란율은 l 일 에너지공급량이 많을수록 오히려 저하하는 경향을 보였다. 2) 사료요구율, ME 및 CP요구량과 사료비는 모두 l일 에너지공급량이 증대함에 따라서 증가하는 경향을 보였다 (P<0.05) 본 연구의 결과 l일 ME공급량을 24주령에 280kcal로부터 30∼34주령에 400kcal 까지 증가시키고 35주령 이후 380kcal를 공급한 Tl 처리가 가장 우수한 성적을 보였다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2015

In this study, seasonal customs are analyze the appropriate festival for each 24 seasonal divisions of the year. Recover the intrinsic value of the festival and selected the target villages and each village should investigate elements of the festival. The village were sought activation of a rural village by setting the festive season. (1) 24 seasonal divisions of the year festival is a small town festival, the festival's program is based on the experience-oriented. Based on period seasonal customs and season plays are set up 24 seasonal divisions of the year festival's program. (2) Survey area is the rural tourism village carried seven villages at Cheongju-si in Chungcheongbuk-do. (3) 24 seasonal divisions of the year festival establish as possible to the festival program is based on 24 seasonal divisions of the yearfestival seasonal customs, seven villages were set on the festival. on the season sesipung through the festive season as possible to the festival program was set up, seven villages were set on the festival. The first standard, festivals and events that are currently made. Second,now ongoing in the village is experience program and a 24 seasonal divisions of the year seasonal customs resource. (4) As a result, each period of the festival was set in the village. (5) By festival setting recover intrinsic value of the festival by taking advantage of 24 seasonal divisions of the year. The common interests of the rural town of experience, the rising interest in each town and village festivals activation of the network can be achieved.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2008

산양유의 비유기간 중 연평균 유지방 함량이 3.88% 이었으며, 동절기(4.2%) 보다 하절기 (3.8%)에 낮았다. 유지방 함유율이 높을수록 총고형분 함량도 비례하여 증가하였다. 산양유 원유를 24시간 냉장저장 하는 동안에 저급 유리지방산(C4:0~C10:0)은 106% 증가하였으며 중급 및 고급 유리지방산(C12:0~C18:1)은 203%로 높은 증가율을 보였다. 균질한 시유에 원유를 첨가하여 반응할 때에 저급 유리지방산은 22% 증가되었으며 중급 및 고급 유리지방산은 199% 증가되었다. Lipase의 종류에 따른 지방분해실험에서 calf lipase는 중급 및 고급지방산 9배 보다 저급지방산은 5.6배로 증가시켰다. 그러나 Candida rugosa lipase와 Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase는 저급 유리지방산이 각각 6배와 14배 증가하고, 중급 및 고급 유리지방산은 각각 34배와 162배 증가하여 중급 및 고급지방산을 더 잘 분해하는 것으로 나타났다. 산양유의 LPL 활성이 높을수록 유리지방산 생성량도 증가되어 유의적 상관관계(r=0.5635)를 보였으며 또한 산양유 이취가 높아지는 상관관계(r=0.5777)를 보였다. 유지방 함량이 낮을수록 LPL 활성은 높아지는 유의적 역 상관관계(r=－0.4627)를 보였다. 산양유의 palmitic acid 함량이 높을 경우 산양유 이취 강도가 증가하는 유의적 상관관계(r=0.7226)를 보였다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2002

The common cold is the most common pediatric infectious disease and occupies a great number of outpatients in oriental pediatrics. Because children's common cold has characteristic symptoms, we studied 276 children suffering from common cold Oriental Medicine Hospital in Kyungsan University and analyzed sex, age, chief complaints, characteristic symptoms.(period : summer 2001. 6.1.-2001.8.31, winter 2001.12.1-2002. 2. 28) The results were as follows : 1. Male to female ratios were 17: 1 in summer, 1.2: 1 in winter, 1.4: 1 in total 2. Age distribution of children from 0 to 1 was 20.29%, from 1 to 3 was 39.49%, from 3 to 6 was 32.97%, from 6 to 10 was 7.27%, over 10 was 0%, from 0 to 6 was 92.75%. 3. Frequency of chief complaints In summer : cough was 22.28%, nasal discharge was 18.39%, fever was 16.58%, secretion and sputum were 14.50%, sweating was 6.99%, nausea or vomitting were 4.92% etc. In winter : cough was 24.20%, nasal discharge was 18.03%, secretion and sputum were 16.43%, occlusion of nares was 11.64%, fever was 9.58%, nausea or vomitting were 3.88% etc. Frequency of chief complaints has seasonal difference. 4. Children's common cold has characteristic symptoms and seasonal difference. 5. Children's common cold has characteristic clinical subtype.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of preoperative pain management education on postoperative pain control in patients with uterine tumor using patient controlled analgesia. Methods: This study used non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Data were collected from September, 2008 to March, 2009 at one university hospital in Daegu, Korea. There were 60 participants, 30 in both the experimental and control group. The experimental group was given preoperative pain education using videos, leaflets, and a PCA model. Postoperative pain intensity, frequency of the PCA button being pressed, and doses of additional analgesics were observed through 24 hours postoperative and knowledge of pain and attitude about the use of the pain medicine were measured at 3 days postoperative. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, ${\chi}^2$ test, repeat measured ANOVA, and Bonferroni methods. Results: There were no significant differences in the postoperative pain level between the experimental and control group. Postoperative frequency of the PCA button pressed, doses of additional analgesics, pain knowledge and attitude about the use of the pain medicine of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion: Pain management education is an effective nursing intervention for pain control after surgery.