• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.232-241
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• 1998

Fatty acid compositions of 35 species of marine invertebrates (13 species of Bivalvia, 10 species of Gastropoda, 4 species of Cephalopoda, 4 species of Crustacea, 2 species of Ascidacea, 2 species of Holothuroidea) were studied using gas-liquid chromatography. Total lipids in all samples were very low, ranging from $0.24\%$ to $1.96\%$. The prominent fatty acids were 16:0, 20:5 (n-3), 22:6 (n-3), 18:0, 16:1 (n-7), 20:4 (n-6), 18:1 (n-9) and 18:1 (n-7) in the majority of marine invertebrates. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was the richest fatty acid group in all invertebrates, accounting for $55.3\pm6.70\%$ of total fatty acids (TFA), followed by saturated $(26.2\pm4.33\%)$ and monounsaturated fatty acid $(18.5\pm5.87\% )$. No correlation was found between total lipid content and each fatty acid group. Cephalopoda contained the highest level of n-3 PUFA $(54.6\pm5.17\%)$, while Holothuroidea and Gastropoda contained the lowest level of n-3 PUFA, accounting for $26.5\pm4.44\%$ and $28.4\pm4.04\%$, respectively. Bivalvia and Ascidacea are plankton feeders, which were rich in 20:5 (n-3) and 22:6 (n-3). Carnivorous species of Cephalopoda were prominently rich in 22:6 (n-3), ranging from $26.7\%$ to $46.1\%$ of the TFA. However, some species of Gastropoda are seaweed feeder (herbivorous), which contained high level of 20:4 (n-6) compared to plankton feeder and carnivorous species. In addition, blue and red colored sea cucumbers, and turban shells with and without apophyses belong to the same species, but they live in different habitats. These organisms were found to have different fatty acid compositions. Therefore, fatty acid compositions of these invertebrates might be affected by their different environments, particularly their diet.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary sources of fatty acids and protein on serum protein profiles, hepatic functional enzyme activities, mammary tumor incidence and tumor weight in 7, 12-dimethylbenz($\alpha$)anthracene (DMBA)-treated rats. The sources of dietary fatty acids were 18n6 (rich in linoleic acid), 18n3 (rich in linolenic acid) and 22n3 (rich in DHA) : sources of dietary protein were casein (C) and soy protein isolate (S). mammary tumors (MTs) were chemically induced by DMBA (9 mg/100 g body weight) which was gastrically intubated at 7 weeks of age. Each experimental diet was given for the following 25 weeks. Casein-fed rats (group C) exhibited significantly higher levels of weight gain and FER (food efficiency ratio) than did group S. Group C showed higher levels of serum protein and globulin, and higher albumin/globulin (A/G) ratios than group S. Liver functional enzyme activities (GOT, GPT, ALP, LDH, $\gamma$-GT) and LDH/GOT ratios were not influenced by dietary protein. GPT activity was lower in the group given 18n3, and ALP activity was lower in the group given 18n6. The incidence and total number of MTs appeared to be lower in the group given 22n3 than in the group given 18n3 or 18n6, even though the average weight of MTs was highest in the group given 22n3, The average weight of MTs was higher in the C group than in the S group. MT incidence had a positive correlation with LDH activity and LDH/GOT ratio. The average weight of MTs had a negative correlation with serum albumin levels and A/G ratios, and a positive correlation with ALP activity. This research suggests that the measurement of serum protein profiles and liver functional enzyme activities may be utilized to monitor the development of mammary tumors.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.2861-2866
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• 2012

Results of the comparisons of various density functional theory (DFT) methods with different basis sets for predicting the molecular geometry of TPOP24N-Oxide macrocycle, an oxoporphyrin N-oxide, are reported in this paper. DFT methods, including M06-2X, B3LYP, LSDA, B3PW91, PBEPBE, and BPV86, are examined. Different basis sets, such as 6-$31G^*$, 6-31+G (d, p), 6-311+G (d, p), and 6-311++G (d, p), are also considered. The M06-2X/6-$31G^*$ level is superior to all other density functional methods used in predicting the geometry of TPOP24N-Oxide. The geometries of regioisomeric chlorin N-oxide and oxoporphyrin N-oxide are reported using M06-2X/6-$31G^*$ method. The geometry effects of oxoporphyrin and chlorin N-oxide regioisomers are increased ${\beta}-{\beta}$ bond lengths by N-oxidation because the bond overlap index due to charge transfers is decreased. In N-oxidation ring (II, III), angles that include ${\beta}-{\beta}$ bond length increase as the bond overlap index of ${\beta}-{\beta}$ bond is decreased by N-oxidation. The potential energy surfaces of chlorin N-oxide and oxoporphyrin N-oxide are explored by M06-2X/6-$31G^*$, and single-point calculations are performed at levels up to M06-2X/6-311++G (d, p). Total and relative energies are then calculated. The results indicate that chlorin 24 N-oxides are more stable than chlorin 22 N-oxides in chlorin N-oxide regioisomers. Moreover, TPOP24N-Oxide is less stable than TPOP22N-Oxide.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-16
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.54.1-54
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• 2000

한국 남해안 완도지역에 자생하는 미역 (Undaria pinnatifida)의 부위별 지방산조성 특성을 계통적으로 분석코자 미역의 부위별 지방질 및 지방산 조성을 silicic acid 컬럼과 기체-액체 크로마토그래피 분석하였다. 총지방질 함량을 비교해 볼 때 엽상부 3.37%, 포자엽 4.59% 및 줄기 2.50%였으나, 엽상부는 총 포리엔산과 linolenic acid(18:3, n-3), stearidonic acid(18:4, n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid(20:5, n-3) 및 docosahexaenoic acid(22:6, n-3)와 같은 n-3계열의 포리엔산의 조성비율이 높았다. 즉 총 포리엔산과 n-3계열의 포리엔산 조성비율을 볼 때 엽상부는 44.18% 및 29.69%였고, 포자엽은 23.63% 및 5.58% 줄기는 26.66% 및 7.37%였다. 한편 중성지방질, 당지방질 및 인지방질의 n-3 포리엔산의 함량을 볼 때 엽상부는 22.40%, 35.82% 및 3.53%로 다른 부위에 비하여 현저하게 높았으나, 줄기는 5.26%, 9.51% 및 2.37%였고 포자엽은 4.49%, 8.01% 및 2.14%로 가장 낮았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1786-1793
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• 2005

The study compared the fatty acid profiles of 3 muscles (Longissimus dorsi, LD, Triceps brachii, TB and Semimembranosus, SM) obtained from Korean Hanwoo (18 steers, 24 months old) and Australian Angus beef (18 steers, 24 months old) and assessed their role in sensory perception. The samples of each carcass were prepared in the same manner, and cooked both as traditional grilled steaks and Korean BBQ style. A total of 720 Korean sensory panelists evaluated the beef samples for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall liking. Oleic acid (18:1) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in TB than that in LD and SM. The essential linoleic acid (C18:2) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in TB and SM than that in LD. For LD muscle, the proportion of saturated fatty acids was significantly (p<0.05) highest, while that of polyunsaturated fatty acids was lowest among the three muscles. Australian Angus beef had significantly (p<0.05) higher n-3 PUFA than that of the Korean Hanwoo for the three muscles, while the latter contained significantly (p<0.05) higher n-6 PUFA than that of the former. The clustering analysis showed that there a was significant difference in fatty acids such as C16:0, C16:1n7, C18:0, C18:2n6, C18:3n3, C20:3n6, C20:4n6, C22:4n6, and C22:5n3 for sensory perception (tenderness, juiciness, flavor and overall likeness) of the beef from two origins (p<0.05) among three clusters. Especially, C14:0 had a significant effect on sensory perception only for Korean Hanwoo beef; while C20:5n3 had a significant (p<0.05) effect only for Australian Angus beef based on clustering with the sensory variables.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 1993

This study was carried out to compare the difference of proximate composition and total lipid components by size and various tissues in sweetfish(Plecoglossus altivelis). Lipid contents of the small and large sweetfish in viscera were $43.2\%\;and\;52.8\%$, respectively. Total lipid contents of the small and large sweetfish were consisted of $3.84{\sim}46.90g/100g$ neutral lipid, $0.86{\sim}4.38g/100g$ phospholipid, respectively. In fatty acid compositions of total lipid, sweetfish showed higher content in saturates such as 16:0, 18:0($43.78{\sim}48.29\%$), and lower content in polyenes such as 18:2n-6, 22:6n-3($13.13{\sim}17.10\%$), and the large sweetfish was somewhat higher in ratio of polyenes compared with the small one. The major fatty acids were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7, 18:2n-6, 22:6n-3, 18:0 and 14:0, in order.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.426-430
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• 1997

The helical periodicity of the triple-stranded $(dT)_n{\cdot}(dA)_n{\cdot}(dT)_n$ sequence was determined by measuring gel-mobilities of bent DNA fragments containing the sequence. In the bent DNA fragments, a $GA_{22}G$ $CT_{22}C$ sequence was located between two bent DNA loci composed of six $A_{6}{\cdot}T_{6}$ repeats. and the DNA length between the bent DNA loci was varied by 1 base pair over a full helical turn. The gel mobility of each bent DNA fragment reflected the overall extent of DNA bending and varied with the DNA length between the two bent loci. Mobilities of the bent DNA fragments in 5% polyacrylamide gel were measured after preincubating the DNA fragments both in the presence and absence of $CT_{22}C$ oligonucleotide. By comparing the bent DNA fragments containing an intermolecular triplex structure with those of a genuine duplex structure in the gel mobilities, the helical periodicity of the $T_n{\cdot}A_n{\cdot}T_n$ triplex DNA was determined to be $11.5({\pm}0.3)bp/turn$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.172-179
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• 1996

This study was to investigate the properties such as amounts of moisture, inverted sugar, cane sugar and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (HMF) in feeding-honey(n=45) and wild-honey (n=3) harvested in Chonbuk area from April to November 1995. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; The average percentages of moisture in both feeding- and wild-honey was 20.2%(range, 17.5~23.1) and 20.7%(19.4~22.2). And those of inverted sugar/cane sugar in both honeies were 64.4%(55.8~69.3)/6.8%(1.0~l5.7) and 68.9%(68.5~69.8)/3.1%(2.5~3.7), in seasonal analysis those were 65.9%/5.3% in spring, 65.7%/6.6% in summer, 62.1%/8.0% in autumn, respectively. On the other hand, the average amounts of HMF in both honeies were 44.86mg/kg(22.6~68.6) and 7.0mg/kg(6.2~7.6), its average difference between both honeies were about 37.86mg/kg regardless of region and season.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.975-978
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• 2001

A novel poly[9,10-diphenylanthracene-4',4"-ylenevinylene-3,6-(N-2-ethyl hexyl)carbazole] containing alternate diphenylanthracene and carbazole unit was synthesized by the Wittig reaction. The obtained polymer was soluble in common organic solvents and thermally stable up to 380 $^{\circ}C.$ The polymer gives rise to bright blue fluorescence both in solution and in thin solid films. The light emitted from the device (ITO/polymer/Al) was greenish-blue in color and clearly visible in daylight.