• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.57-78
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• 2006

Now post 2012 greenhouse gas reduction commitment being discussed, studies about long-term GHG reduction scenarios toward 2050 have actively been worked separately from 5 years short-term approach. In this paper, background, temperature target, $CO_2$ concentration target, national emission target, and approach of long-term reduction scenarios toward 2050 particularly in European countries such as UK, Germany, France, Netherlands et al. are reviewed. After comparing GDP and emission indices between Developed (European) countries and Korea, some implications of long-term GHG reduction scenarios are deduced. Acting early owing to uncertainty in climate change impact and technology development rather than delaying reduction activity owing to scientific uncertainty in climate change is needed. Providing our society's vision of climate change and government's explicit direction through long-term GHG reduction target setting toward 2050 and economic units' preparing for those are needed.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.61-72
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• 2014

This paper analyzed transition pathways toward a low carbon society in Korea to meet global $2^{\circ}C$ climate target. Lower economic growth, industrial structure change, enhance of energy demand management, decarbonization of power sector, and replacement of low carbon fuel could reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from fuel combustion in 2050 by 67% against in 2011, or by 74% against in BAU (Business-As-Usual). Lower economic growth contributes to 13% of cumulative emission reduction relative to BAU, industrial structure change 9%, enhance of energy demand management 72%, decarbonization of power sector 5% and replacement of low carbon fuel 1% respectively. Final energy consumption in 2050 needs to be reduced to 50% relative to 2011, or to 41% relative to BAU. Nuclear, coal and renewable energy represent 31%, 40%, 2% respectively among electricity generation in 2011, but 38%, 2%, 32% in 2050. CCS represents 23% of total generation in 2050. Emission intensity of electricity in 2050 was decreased to 19% relative to 2011, or to 24% relative to BAU. Primary energy in 2050 was decreased to 64% compared to 2011, or to 44% compared to BAU. Final energy consumption, primary energy supply and GHG emission from fuel combustion from 1990 to 2011 increased by 176%, 197%, 146%. Radical change from historical trend is required to transit toward a low carbon society by 2050. Appropriate economic growth, structural change to non-energy intensive industries, energy technology research, development and deployment (RD&D) in terms of enhancement of energy efficiency and low carbon energy supply technologies, and fuel change to electricity and renewable energy are key instruments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.396-396
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• 2023

기후 위기에 대한 대응으로 현재 많은 국가에서 2050년 탄소중립을 목표로 하고 있으며, 우리나라도 2050년까지 탄소중립을 선언하고 다양한 부문의 배출 절감 계획을 내세웠다. 현재 건물 부문에서는 2050년의 목표배출량을 6.2 백만톤 CO2eq으로 설정하고 관련 정책적 수단을 검토 중이지만 달성 방안 등에 대해서는 구체적으로 제시하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 건물 부문의 이산화탄소의 배출량 산정 모델을 개발하여, 2050년까지 이산화탄소 배출 저감 시나리오를 시뮬레이션하였다. 이를 토대로 국내의 건물 부문 탄소중립 가능성을 검토한 통합 시나리오를 제시하고, 향후 정책 및 기술 개발의 방향성을 제시한다. 탄소배출량 산정모델은 연면적 예측 및 사용 에너지의 원단위 환산, 탄소배출계수 등을 고려해 개발하였고, 이를 활용하여 4가지 탄소배출 시나리오를 분석하였다. 먼저 현재 정책 기반 탄소 배출 시나리오는 탄소중립에 이르지 못하여 더 강화된 시나리오의 필요성을 보여준다. 신규 건물을 대상으로 한 제로 에너지화 제도 기반 시나리오는 전체 탄소배출량에 큰 기여를 하지 못하며, 기존 건물 대상의 그린 리모델링 제도 기반 시나리오에서는 10년 이상 건물에 50% 이상의 높은 에너지 효율 개선을 시행해야 한다는 결과를 도출하였다. 또한 전기화 시나리오에서는 화석연료와 전력의 탄소배출계수를 비교하여 적절한 에너지 전환 시점을 계산하였다. 그 결과, 건물 부문에서 2050년까지 탄소배출량 감축 목표 달성을 위해 신축 건물의 에너지 자립율 100%, 에너지 전환 계획과 연동한 건물의 전기화, 그리고 그린리모델링을 통한 효율 개선 기준을 47% 이상 달성하는 조건을 만족해야 한다는 결과를 얻었다. 이 연구는 도전적인 온실가스 감축 마련의 필요성을 제시하였으며, 탄소중립 가능성을 제시하여 실질적인 감축정책에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2015

본 논문의 목적은 전 세계적으로 기후변화로 인한 이상기후에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며 이로 인한 부정적 영향에 대한 우려가 증가되고 있다. 우리나라도 기후변화로 연평균 강수량이 1910년대 1,155mm에서 2000년대 1,375mm로 약 19% 증가했으며 21세기말에는 약 17%가 증가할 것으로 전망하고 있다. 정부간협의체(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC)에 따르면 미래에는 지구의 연평균기온은 2050년은 $2.3^{\circ}C$ 2100년엔 $4.8^{\circ}C$가 증가할 것이라고 전망하였고, 우리나라의 경우 2050년에 $3.2^{\circ}C$ 2100년에 $6^{\circ}C$가 증가할 것으로 전망하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 최근 지구적인 문제로 대두되어 온 기후변화 대해 재해취약성 분석을 통하여 효과적인 대응방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구대상의 지역은 강원도의 18개 시, 군 지자체로 하였으며 계산의 평가단위는 각 지자체를 하나의 집계구로 정하였다. 재해취약성 분석 지표로는 현재(2000년)와 미래(2020년, 2050년)로 나누어서 분석하였다. 분석 결과 2000년에는 영동지역과 원주시가 가장 취약하였으며, 2020년에는 속초와 강릉, 춘천시가, 2050년에는 강원도 중부지역이 가장 취약할 것으로 전망되었다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.441-452
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• 2017

The goal of this study is to explore categories and components of science literacy and investigate the trend in the importance of each category of science literacy required for Koreans living in a future society in 2050 through survey analyses with the public. This study, as a preliminarily research, is a part of a larger project called 'developing science for all Koreans,' which investigates science literacy for all Koreans. According the survey result, the definition of science literacy should include scientific thinking and working methods, application of science, etc. in addition to existing science knowledge. We also suggested science literacy including knowledge and competencies, as well as organization of science subjects in 2050 future school education, and analyzed trends in the importance of science literacy domains. Based on the results, we suggested the scientific method, science knowledge, and science application as domains of science literacy. Discussed in the conclusion are implications and directions for developing 'science for all Koreans' living in a future society in 2050.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.551-555
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• 2015

Dementia of the country due to the aging population of 59 thousand people has reached serious territory. To increase the number of future dementia doubled every 20 years until 2050, in 2020 about 84 thousand people, about 127 thousand people in 2030, 2050 are estimated at 271 thousand people. If you have a gas stove when using dementia patients at home, Voice Support breaker is required in a fire can automatically block the gas valve because of a risk. In this paper, we develop a gas-timer demented patients using S3F8S19 8bit processor to use the gas safely.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.401-405
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• 2023

From a phenomenological perspective on military human resources to carry out the government's "Defense Vision 2050" project, this study presents the direction of revision of the military pension along with the age and continuous retirement age system under Article 8 of the Military Personnel Act and the promotion criteria under Article 33 of the Enforcement Decree of the Military Act. The Military Personnel Act and the Enforcement Decree of the Military Personnel Act, which was created 60 years ago, are contrary to the equity of the current situation in 2022, and the conflicts continue to be drawn in terms of internal and external aspects of military human resources carrying out the "Defense Vision 2050" project, which is the keynote of the government's policy. In addition, this is linked to the national financial burden of military pension finances. Therefore, this study began with the need to revise the Military Personnel Act so that excellent human resources can continue to be introduced into a military system and perform stable duties through retirement age guarantee systems rather than class retirement.

• Proceedings of the Population Association of Korea Conference
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• 2006.12a
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• pp.193-230
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• 2006

본 논문은 국가별 추계인구와 미래 9개년 인구관련 설명변수들의 추정값을 통하여 적정인구 모형을 구형하고 한국의 적정인구를 추정하는데 목적이 있다. 후생을 고려한 생산함수 확장모형, 세계 176개국의 표본자료 그리고 다중회귀분석을 이용하여 $2000{\sim}2300$년 한국의 적정인구를 추정하고 그 추세곡선을 나타내는 것이다. 모형의 종속변수는 UN에 의한 세계각국의 추계인구이고, 설명변수는 9개 변수 즉 PPP GDP, 인접지역 경제통합율, 교육수준, 영어구사비율, 국토유효면적, 에너지량, 기온, 수자원량, 무역거리이다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. $2000{\sim}2300$년 한국의 적정인구는 $4,350{\sim}4,950$만명으로 추정되며, 2000년${\sim}$2050년은 $4,700{\sim}5,010$만명, 2050년${\sim}2100$년은 $4,770{\sim}4,400$만명이 된다. 2125년 최저점 4,350만명을 통과한 후 점진적으로 2300년의 4,870만명으로 접근해 갈 것으로 추정된다. 연구결과의 시사점은 네 가지이다. 첫째 한국의 적정인구가 2125년을 기준으로 이전은 감소 이후는 증가 추세일 것이므로 정책결정시 적정한 목표인구를 설정해야 한다는 점이다. 둘째 현 추세로 진행되면 2050년 이후 적정인구가 추계인구보다 $500{\sim}600$만명 더 많아진다는 점이다. 셋째 2125년 이전의 적정인구는 좁게 $4,770{\sim}4,545$만명으로서, 출산율 향상을 통한 적정인구의 유지 노력이 필요하다는 점이다. 넷째 적정인구 추세의 기복은 출산기피로 인한 인구감소 때문으로 출산지원과 입양 및 이민 유입의 정책에 따라 변화될 수 있다는 점이다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.222-237
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• 2022

This study was performed to predict change of forestland area in future to 2050 based on System Dynamics Model which is based on feedback loop by causal relationship. As forestland area change in the future depends on potential forestland conversion demands, each demand type of forestland conversion such as agricultural, industrial, public and residential/commercial use was modeled using annual GDP, population, number of household, household construction permission area (1981~2019). In results, all of conversion demands would have continuously decreased to 2050 while residential and commercial land would be reduced from 2034. Due to such shortage, eventually, total of forestland in South Korea would have decreased to 6.18 million ha when compared to current 6.29 million ha. Moreover, the forestland conversion to other use types must be occurred continuously in future because most of forestland is owned privately in South Korea. Such steady decrement of forestland area in future can contribute to the shortage of carbon sink and encumber achievement of national carbon-neutral goal to 2050. If forestland conversion would be occurred inevitably in future according to such change trends of all types, improved laws and polices related to forestland should be prepared for planned use and rational conservation in terms of whole territory management. Therefore, it is needed to offer sufficient incentive, such as tax reduction and payment of ecosystem service on excellent forestland protection and maintenance, to private owners for minimizing forestland conversion. Moreover, active afforestation policy and practice have to be implemented on idle land for reaching national goal 'Carbon Neutral to 2050' in South Korea.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the future hydrologic behavior affected by the potential climate and land use changes in upstream of Anseong-cheon watershed ($366.5km^2$) using SWAT. The HadGEM3-RA RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios were used for 2030s (2020-2039) and 2050s (2040-2059) periods as the future climate change scenario. It was shown that maximum changes of precipitation ranged from -5.7% in 2030s to +18.5% in 2050s for RCP 4.5 scenarios and the temperature increased up to $1.8^{\circ}C$ and $2.6^{\circ}C$ in 2030s RCP 4.5 and 2050s 8.5 scenarios respectively based on baseline (1976-2005) period. The future land uses were predicted using the CLUE-s model by establishing logistic regression equation. The 2050 urban area were predicted to increase of 58.6% (29.0 to $46.0km^2$). The SWAT was calibrated and verified using 14 years (2002-2015) of daily streamflow with 0.86 and 0.76 Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) for stream flow (Q) and low flow 1/Q respectively focusing on 2 drought years (2014-2015) calibration. For future climate change only, the stream discharge showed maximum decrease of 24.2% in 2030s RCP 4.5 and turned to maximum increase of 10.9% in 2050s RCP 4.5 scenario compared with the baseline period stream discharge of 601.0 mm by the precipitation variation and gradual temperature increase. While considering both future climate and land use change, the stream discharge showed maximum decrease of 14.9% in 2030s RCP 4.5 and maximum increase of 19.5% in 2050s RCP 4.5 scenario by the urban growth and the related land use changes. The results supported that the future land use factor might be considered especially for having high potential urban growth within a watershed in the future climate change assessment.