• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.59-80
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop a workbook that can support the class and evaluation of the subject, 「Food safety and health」 and to verify its validity. The development direction of the workbook was set by analyzing the 「Food safety and health」 curriculum, dietary education materials, and previous studies related to the workbook, and the overall structure was designed by deriving the activity ideas for each area. Based on this, the draft was developed, and the draft went through several rounds of cross-review by the authors and the examination and revision by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, before the final edited version was developed. The workbook was finalized with corrections and enhancements based on the advice of 9 experts and 44 home economics teachers. The workbook consists of 4 areas: the 'food selection' area, with 10 learning topics and 36 lessons, the 'food poisoning and food management' area, with 10 learning topics and 36 lessons, the 'cooking' area, with 11 learning topics and 43 lessons, and the 'healthy eating' area, with 11 learning topics and 55 lessons, resulting in a total of 42 learning topics, 170 lessons. The workbook was designed to evenly cultivate practical problem-solving competency, self-reliance capacity, creative thinking capacity, and community capacity. In-depth inquiry-learning is conducted on the content, and the context is structured so that self-diagnosis can be made through evaluation. According to the validity test of the workbook, it was evaluated to be very appropriate for encouraging student-participatory classes and evaluations, and to create a class atmosphere that promotes inquiry by strengthening experiments and practices. In the current situation where the high school credit system is implemented and individual students' learning options are emphasized, the results of this study is expected to help expand the scope of home economics-based elective courses and contribute to realizing student-led classrooms with a focus on inquiry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.192-212
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze scientific attitude and its components in the general remarks and in the particulars of one government-designated and seven authorized elementary school science teacher's guides for the 3rd~4th grades which were developed according to the 2015 national science curriculum, and to derive implications for future development of teacher's guide. The results of the study are as follows: First, in their general remarks, five of eight teacher's guides (62.5%) give a very brief explanation on the components of scientific attitude, and the remaining three teacher's guides give a relatively detailed explanation on the components but they lack practical information on teaching and assessing of the components; Second, in the case of unit objective in the four units of the area of 'Earth and Universe', five of eight teacher's guides (62.5%) contain 3~4 components among 'curiosity', 'cooperation', 'objectivity', 'critical mindedness', or 'respect for evidence', and one of the remaining three teacher's guides contains only the component of 'curiosity', another guide doesn't have any component, and the other guide doesn't have unit objective itself; Third, in the case of unit assessment, only one of eight teacher's guide (12.5%) has independent unit assessment, includes several components of scientific attitude in the unit assessment, and is broadly consistent between the components of scientific attitude in unit objective and in unit assessment; Fourth, in case of lesson objective, three teacher's guide (37.5%) contain 3~4 components among 'curiosity', 'cooperation', 'objectivity' and 'critical mindedness', and the remaining five teacher's guide (62.5%) include only 'curiosity'; Fifth, in the case of lesson assessment, among eight teacher's guides, five (62.5%) evaluate 3~4 components of scientific attitudes, two (25.0%) evaluate only 'curiosity' and 'cooperation', and one (12.5%) does not evaluate anything.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.6-17
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• 2022

Objectives: This study describes the implementation of a training course that aimed to increase the competency of undergraduate students of Korean medicine at a single college to obtain informed consent and perform bee venom acupuncture using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Methods: We developed and implemented a short training course for 111 fourth-year students of Korean medicine during their clinical rotation at the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine. Lectures were conducted on the effects of and hypersensitivity reactions to bee venom acupuncture, obtaining informed consent, performing skin test and bee venom acupuncture. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some students were offered online lectures, and some could not experience the performance of OSCE in person. A survey with 16 closed and three open questions was used to investigate self-efficacy, opinions about the online lectures, and the OSCE. Results: Out of 111 questionnaires, 104 were completed (94%). Students were generally satisfied with the online lectures and OSCE. For the subjective questionnaire about what was helpful in the training of bee venom acupuncture techniques and OSCE, the authenticity of the teaching method was recorded the highest. Conclusions: This study showed that online lectures were effective in teaching clinical skills of Korean Medicine. It is necessary to produce standard educational materials for clinical skills of Korean Medicine, and studies to analyze the reliability and validity of OSCE are needed.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-145
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• 2022

The current study applied the random forest algorithm to Korean crime victim survey data collected biennially between 2010 and 2018 to explore the relationship between crime/victim characteristics and the victim's criminal damages. A total of 3,080 cases including gender, age (life cycle stage), type of crime, perpetrator acquisition, repeated victimization, psychological damage (depression, isolation, extreme fear, somatic symptoms, interpersonal problems, moving out to avoid people, suicidal impulses, suicide attempts), and emotional changes after victimization (changes in self-protection confidence, self-esteem, confidence in others, confidence in legal institutions, and respect for Korean legal system/law) were analyzed. Considering the features of data that are difficult to apply traditional statistical techniques, this study implemented random forest algorithms to predict crime and victim characteristics using the victim's criminal damages (psychological damage and emotional change) and selected good predictors using VSURF function in VSURF package for R. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the relationship between the type of crime and depression, extreme fear, somatic symptoms, and interpersonal problems, between perpetrator acquisition and somatic symptoms and interpersonal problems, and between repeated victimization and changes in respect for Korean legal system/law. Gender and life cycle stage (youth/adult/elderly) were found to be related to extreme fear and changes in self-protection confidence, respectively. However, more empirical evidence should be aggregated to explain the results as meaningful. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to enhance the experts' knowledge and educate them on cases about the relationship between crime/victim characteristics and criminal damage. Strengthening their interview strategy and knowledge about law/rules were also needed to increase the effectiveness of the Korean victim assessment system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.213-223
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify the types of essential inquiry activities presented in elementary science textbooks for grades 5-6, and to find out what difficulties teachers have in the actual teaching process. To this end, the essential research activities presented in the textbook were analyzed into six types: experimentation/observation, investigation/discussion and presentation, data interpretation, discussion/discussion, simulation activity, and expression. In addition, 108 elementary school teachers were investigated for the suitability of inquiry activity achievement standards, suitability at the student's level, student interest, and difficulty in teaching instruction. To summarize the research results, the most frequently suggested type was the experiment/observation type, followed by simulation activity type and data interpretation type. It was analyzed that there was no discussion/discussion type in the 5th grade textbooks, and the 6th graders did not present research activities that correspond to the research/discussion/presentation type and the expression type in the textbook. In the results of teachers' responses to the suitability of achievement standards for inquiry activities presented in textbooks and the suitability of the student's level, 5th graders showed lower average scores than 6th graders, and showed similar average scores in student interest and instructional difficulty. Also, it was confirmed that improvement was required for a total of 17 inquiry activities. Specifically, teachers responded that they had difficulty in guiding inquiry activities when the experimental results did not appear as intended in the textbook, when students' interest in inquiry activities was low, and when students and teachers had low understanding of related science concepts. Teachers pointed out practical problems such as difficulties in long-term observation in astronomy-related units, and students in upper elementary school not actively participating in dynamic play activities.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.149-170
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• 2022

This study aims to present a revised draft of KORMARC bibliographic format that was first revised in 2014. To this end, data collection and analysis methods are as follows. First, the opinions of cataloging working groups for revision of KORMARC including the National Library of Korea (NLK) and KERIS were collected and analyzed. Second, work guidelines used in libraries or cooperative catalog systems were analyzed. Third, by comparing MARC21 update No.32 (June 2021) with the KORMARC bibliographic format, elements that need to be reflected in the KORMARC revision were derived. Finally, issues that have been raised in previous studies or that require further discussion were examined. Based on these analysis results, an outlines of the extension and deletion of KORMARC fields, subfields, and indicators, and supplementation of application guidelines and examples were derived. The final revision directions were finalized after collecting expert opinions, the working group reviews, and comprehensive opinions from the library community.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.487-487
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• 2022

하천의 측방 이동은 충적 하도가 횡방향으로 이동하는 것으로 홍수에 의한 강턱 및 고수부지 침식 및 만곡사주 퇴적을 동반하는 지형형성작용이나 국내에서는 관련 연구가 적은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 수 년간 인간의 교란이 없는 상태로 유지된 하천 구간인 내성천 고평 지점을 대상으로 항공사진, 드론 영상 및 DEM 자료를 이용하여 2015-2021년 사이에 발생한 하천의 측방 이동에 대한 계량적 분석을 실시하였다. 고평 지점의 내성천 하도는 시간에 따라 저수로 하폭이 증가하면서 공격사면이 횡방향 및 하류 방향으로 이동하였으며, 이 과정에서 사행도는 1.07에서 1.12로 소폭 증가하였다. 10개 단면에서 측방 이동은 2018년 5월과 11월 사이, 2020년 5월과 9월 사이에 발생하였으며, 공격사면 쪽으로 최대 60 m 이상 이동하였다. 동일한 두 시기에 측방 이동에 따른 홍수터의 침식 면적은 각각 5,572 m², 6,571 m²였으며, 2015-2021년 전체로는 16,000 m²에 달하였다. 이는 대상 구간의 2015년 기준 전체 저수로 면적의 약 20%에 해당한다. 단면에서의 변화는 측방 이동과 함께 저수시 하상의 저하가 함께 관찰되어 6년간 0.5-1.0m 저하되었다. 대상 구역 내에서의 침식량은 30,636 m³이며, 퇴적량은 14,904 m³으로 순침식량은 15,831 m³으로 나타났으며, 이는 2015년 기준 저수로 면적이 평균 51.7 cm 하강한 정도에 해당한다. 본 연구의 결과는 국내 충적 하천에서 홍수에 의해 하도의 측방 이동이 활발하게 발생하였음을 보여주며, 하천 관리 및 유사 분석에 있어서 측방 이동에 대한 고려가 필요함을 보여준다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.287-287
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• 2022

홍수빈도분석의 실용적 측면의 목적은 특정 재현기간에 대하여 발생 가능한 홍수량을 설계홍수량(design flood)으로 설정함으로써 댐, 제방, 배수시설, 하수관거 등의 치수기능을 가진 치수시설물이 설계홍수량 내에서 홍수로 인한 피해를 발생시키지 않도록 그 규모와 기능을 설계함에 있다. 특히 우리나라의 경우 유량자료의 부족으로 강우빈도분석을 수행하여 재현기간별 확률강우량을 먼저 산정하고 이를 강우-유출모형을 통해 확률홍수량으로 전환한 뒤 하천등급에 따른 재현기간 기준에 따라 설계홍수량을 산정하고 있다. 그러나 이와 같이 결정된 설계홍수량이 특정유역에서 발생될 수 있는 피해규모에 대해 얼마나 적정한 지의 여부를 과학적으로 판단하기 위한 연구는 국내·외에서 찾아보기 어려우며, 이러한 문제를 개선하기 위한 기초 이론을 제공하는 것이 본 연구의 가장 중요한 목표이다. 홍수빈도분석을 통해 산정된 설계홍수량의 적정성 여부를 과학적으로 판단하기 위해 최근에 진행된 해외의 몇몇 연구에서는 총 기대비용함수(total expected cost function)의 개발에 근거한 최적설계홍수량을 활용할 수 있음을 제안한 바 있다. 이 개념은 계획된 설계홍수량 이상에서 발생될 수 있는 피해함수(damage function) 및 기대피해함수(expected damage function)와 비용함수(cost function)가 결정되면, 이로부터 총 비용을 나타내는 총 기대비용함수(total expected cost function)을 도출하고 총 기대비용함수가 최소가 되는 최적설계홍수량(optimal design flood)을 산정하여 이를 계획된 설계홍수량(tentative design flood) 비교함으로써 계획된 설계홍수량의 적정성을 판단하는 과정을 기초이론으로 활용한다. 본 연구에서는 불확실성으로 발생되는 범위를 고려한 최적설계홍수량을 산정하기 위하여 Metropolis-Hastings 알고리즘을 사용하였으며, 자료의 종류에 따른 홍수량의 변화를 분석하기 위하여 년최대계열 및 부분시계열 자료를 각각 적용하였다. 한강유역에서 가평대성, 여주 및 한강대교 수위표 지점에서 측정된 자동관측유량장치에 의한 홍수량 자료를 활용하였으며, 최적설계홍수량이 기존 설계홍수량에 비해 크게 산정됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.07a
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• pp.409-412
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 대입수시전형에서 생활기록부 입력은 대한민국 입시를 결정하는 매우 중요한 평가자료이다. 30명의 교사를 대상으로 실시한 설문조사를 통해서 교사들이 생활기록부를 작성하는데 가장 많이 참고하는 자료로는 수행평가 결과물, 발표내용, 보고서, 감상문 등의 학습 결과물(90%), 학생들이 작성한 자기평가서(73.3%), 관찰 평가지(50%)로 나타났으며, 80%(24명)의 교사들이 생활기록부를 작성하는데 고충을 겪고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 교사들이 느끼는 고충의 원인으로는 학생들의 개인별 특성 파악이 어려워 차별성있게 작성하는 것(76.7%)을 가장 힘들어 하였고, 작성해야 할 많은 수의 학생(60%), 문구를 만드는데 대해 부담(86.7%)을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 이 과정에서 교사의 전문성 뿐만 아니라 기계적이고 반복적인 작업도 많이 요구되고 있기 때문에, 생활기록부를 작성하는데에 도움을 줄 수 있는 프로그램 개발이 필요하다고 고안을 내었다. 교사들 역시 반복적이고 일률적인 생활기록부 작성에 도움을 줄 수 있는 프로그램이 있다면 유용하게 활용할 것이라는 응답이 90%였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 자연어 처리 인공지능 기술을 활용하여 교사들이 생활기록부를 작성하는데 있어 기계적이고 단순한 작업을 도와 주는 프로그램 개발에 대한 연구의 필요성을 제시하였다. 제안하는 프로그램은 학생들의 탐구보고서, 토론, 발표, 감상문 등의 생화기록부 작성 참고자료들을 텍스트로 변환하고 추상요약(Abstractive Summarization)을 통해 교사들이 효율적으로 작성하는데 활용될 수 있도록 설계하였다. 연구 결과 생활기록부 작성 참고자료를 텍스트로 변환하는 것과 추상요약을 할 수 있는 개방형 데이터셋까지는 확보하였다. 추상요약을 구현하는 방법에 대해서는 보다 심도 있는 추가연구가 필요하였다. 이를 통해 교사들이 교육 본질에 더욱 충실할 수 있는 환경을 마련하고, 내실 있는 생활기록부 작성이 공교육 신뢰 제고에 밑바탕이 되고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.691-711
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• 2022

The state-of-the-art Earth system model as a virtual Earth is required for studies of current and future climate change or climate crises. This complex numerical model can account for almost all human activities and natural phenomena affecting the atmosphere of Earth. The Unified Model (UM) from the United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UK Met Office) is among the best Earth system models as a scientific tool for studying the atmosphere. However, owing to the expansive numerical integration cost and substantial output size required to maintain the UM, individual research groups have had to rely only on supercomputers. The limitations of computer resources, especially the computer environment being blocked from outside network connections, reduce the efficiency and effectiveness of conducting research using the model, as well as improving the component codes. Therefore, this study has presented detailed guidance for installing a new version of the UM on high-performance parallel computers (Linux clusters) owned by individual researchers, which would help researchers to easily work with the UM. The numerical integration performance of the UM on Linux clusters was also evaluated for two different model resolutions, namely N96L85 (1.875° ×1.25° with 85 vertical levels up to 85 km) and N48L70 (3.75° ×2.5° with 70 vertical levels up to 80 km). The one-month integration times using 256 cores for the AMIP and CMIP simulations of N96L85 resolution were 169 and 205 min, respectively. The one-month integration time for an N48L70 AMIP run using 252 cores was 33 min. Simulated results on 2-m surface temperature and precipitation intensity were compared with ERA5 re-analysis data. The spatial distributions of the simulated results were qualitatively compared to those of ERA5 in terms of spatial distribution, despite the quantitative differences caused by different resolutions and atmosphere-ocean coupling. In conclusion, this study has confirmed that UM can be successfully installed and used in high-performance Linux clusters.