• Korean Architects
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• s.518
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• pp.18-19
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• 2012

• Korean Architects
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• s.519
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• pp.84-95
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• 2012

• Korean Architects
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• s.524
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• pp.80-83
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• 2012

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2023

This study proposes a spirometry reference equation suitable for Asian migrant workers undergoing special health examinations. The study participants were divided according to their region: Central Asia, Northeast Asia, and South Asia Pacific. We confirmed results of the spirometry analysis of migrant workers and the interpretation consistency between the prediction equations. Based on this data, we propose a reference equation suitable for domestic migrant workers and suggest a scaling factor applicable to the spirometer wherein the reference equation is not easily applicable. The kappa-values obtained for men and women, respectively, between the global lung function initiative 2012 (GLI2012)-Southeast Asian and the Southeast Asian equations were 0.819 and 0.770, between the GLI2012-Southeast Asian and the South Asian equations were 0.881 and 0.866, and between the GLI2012-Northeast Asian and the Central Asian equations were 0.831 and 0.833. We propose applying the GLI2012-Northeast Asian equation for Northeast Asian and Central Asian countries, whereas the GLI2012-Southeast Asian equation was found to be more suitable for predicting Southeast Asian and South Asian populations. For spirometry, we recommend applying a scaling factor of 0.87 to the Dr. Choi equation, wherein the GLI2012-Southeast Asian equation is not applicable.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.233-242
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• 2015

In the 21st century knowledge and information society, students' ICT skills is a necessary tool. So, the OECD PISA survey and compares students' ICT skills across OECD countries by every three years. As a result, we are looking forward to reflecting on education. In this study, I analyzed the 2009 and 2012 PISA ICT statistics. Analysis items are as follows. Is any of these devices available for students to use at home or at school? How often do students use a computer for following activities at school? Analysis tools adopted a method to compare the ratios of the average. The results are as follows. In 2008, five items of availability of ICT at schools were evenly by five groups In 2012, all five items is very low group. Except for one of the eight items of use of ICT at school, and all items are the lowest group. In 2012, all eight items are the lowest group. Korea ICT indicators have been very down in 2012 than in 2009.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.135-148
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• 2017

This study fist raises the following research question. How does the port congestion affect port operational efficiency? To answer the question, this study adopts slacks based measure data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) model to analyze the efficiency of port considering the congestion. As a result of the DEA-CCR(Chanres, Cooper and Rhodes) model, both Busan(2011) and Ulsan(2011) are the most efficient decision making units(DMUs). As a result of the DEA-BCC(Banker, Chanrnes, and Cooper) model, Busan(2011), Ulsan(2011), Ulsan(2012), Busan(2012), and Yeosu Gwangyang(2012) are the most efficient DMUs. As a result of SBM-DEA model, Ulsan(2012), Busan(2011), Busan(2012), Incheon(2011), and Ulsan(2011) are the most efficient DMUs considering the port congestion. The result of DEA-CCR BCC model is not identical with the result of SBM-DEA model analysis. It means the port congestion does less affect the port operational efficiency. Should the number of the vessels with the port congestion minimize, Incheon and Yeosu Gwangyang port could save lots of the port congestion cost for a total of three years.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.spc
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• pp.48-56
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• 2014

Weekly changes of water environments and phytoplankton community with the salinity gradients were investigated at Gyoungpo Lake from April to November in 1998 and 2012. Underwater crossam in Gyoungpo Lake was removed in 2004. Thereafter, average salinity of Gyoungpo lake increased from 7.5 ppt in 1998 to 20 ppt in 2012. A total of 99 and 80 species of phytoplankton was observed from the sampled in 1998 and 2012, respectively. The number of common species during the 2 separate years was 40. Transparency, SS, $NO_3-N$ concentration and N/P ratio in 2012 were lower than those in 1998. During the period of water shortage (April, May) of 2012 transparency decreased due to decreased salinity and increased SS and Chl. a. Correlation coefficients between species and community scores of DCA ordination based on data matrix of the phytoplankton revealed larger variation among sampling seasons in 1998 than in 2012. The increase of seawater influx and conversion rates following the removal of the underwater crossbeam might explain such a differential variation. Gymnodium sp., Peridinium sp., Prorocentrum sp., Nitzschia longissima, Schroederia setigera, Lyngbya sp., Asterococcus limneticus, Asterococcus superbus and Cyclotella meneghiniana were found to well adapt at the high salinities in 2012. Comparatively, Asterrionella formosa, Nitzschia frustulum, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Scenedesmus bijuga and Scenedesmus ellipsoideus were observed at lower salinities in 1998. Two quite contrasting phytoplankton communities were found in the two seasons of a year, spring with limited precipitation and summer, the flood season.

• 해운
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• s.95
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

세계경제 둔화에도 국제유가가 상승세로 전환되었다. 국제유가는 2012년 1/4분기에 이란 사태로 인해 급등했다가 2012년 2/4분기에는 유로존 위기 등으로 급락했던 국제유가가 하반기에 들어 상승세로 전환되었다. 그러나 세계경제의 부진이 지속되면서 실물수요 측면의 유가 상승압력은 낮은 수준을 유지한다. IMF 등 주요 기관은 유로존 위기 등으로 세계경제의 회복세가 약화되자 2012년과 2013년 세계경제의 성장률을 하향 조정했다. 특히, 금융위기 발생 이후 세계경제의 버팀목이 되던 신흥국 경제의 성장 둔화가 본격화 되면서 석유 등 실물 수요도 둔화되었다. 2012년 3/4분기 중국의 성장률은 7.4%로 7분기 연속 하락했으며, IMF와 Global Insight는 2012년 중구그이 경제성장률을 각각 7.8%, 7.4%로 전망했다. 다음은 삼성경제연구소가 발표한 "2013 국제유가의 향방"의 주요 내용을 요약 정리한 것이다.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.235
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• pp.64-87
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• 2012

TOKYO PACK 2012 (2012 도쿄 국제 포장전)이 10월 2일(화)~5일(금)까지 4일간, 도쿄 빅사이트에서 개최됐다. 1966년에 제 1회가 개최되고 이번 회는 제 24회째를 맞이하게 되었다. "이어진다"를 개최 컨셉으로 포장의 최신 기술이 다수 출전됐다. 출품자는 607개 회사(단체) 2,282부스의 규모로 포장 자재, 용기, 포장 기계, 인쇄, 포장 가공기계, 식품, 의약품 가공 기계, 검사, 계측, 포장관련 기재, 포장 디자인 & 커뮤니케이션 & 서비스, 유통, 물류 시스템기기 & 서비스, 연구기관, 단체, 프레스, 주최자 기획 전시 등 포장에 관련되는 여러 가지 분야에서 최첨단 제품과 기술이 전시됐다. 도쿄팩2012는 생산~물류까지 일관된 시스템 전시가 특징이다. 이러한 토탈 시스템 전시는 수차례 개최되는 내외의 포장전에서도 잘 보지 못한 것으로 질과 양 모두 세계 최고 클래스의 전시회로서 주목을 받았다. 본고에서는 출품경향 및 주요 출품제품을 살펴본다.

• The Optical Journal
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• s.139
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• pp.56-57
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• 2012

인쇄회로기판과 표면실장기술, LED, 인쇄전자, 기능성 필름, 광학 및 레이저기기 등 전자 제조산업 전반에 걸친 기술들을 총집결한 국내 최대 산업전문전시회인 'Electronics Manufacturing Korea 2012(이하 EMK2012)'가 지난 4월 11일부터 13일까지 코엑스 Hall C, D에서 펼쳐졌다. EMK2012는 SMT/PCB & NEPCON KOREA, LED Packaging EXPO, Film Technology Show와 함께 올해부터 Printed Electronics & Electronic Materials Show과 Photonics Seoul(포토닉스 서울)이 추가돼 총 5개의 전시회가 동시에 열렸다. 약 25개국 300업체가 1000부스 규모로 참가한 이번 전시회는 기존의 SMT, PCB, 전자부품, FPD 생산기자재와 더불어 LED 생산기자재, 광학기기, 레이저 산업 등 전자산업 관련 각종 생산기자재와 제품 등을 선보이며 최신 기술을 교류하는 기회였다.