• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.462-473
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• 2010

Inductions of hybrids and reciprocal hybrids between Oryzias dancena and O. javanicus (ODJ and OJD) were conducted and backcross hybrids between female O. dancena and male ODJ were also produced for biological and cytogenetic analysis. Embryonic development of ODJ and OJD were compared with those of their parents. Developmental time was fastest in O. dancena and ODJ, followed by O. javanicus and OJD. Oryzias dancena hatched 11 days (d) after fertilization, ODJ at 13 d, O. javanicus at 14 d and OJD at 15 d. The abnormality of external morphology rate in ODJ was 10.6%; however, OJD showed a high degree of abnormality, over 90%. The proportion of males was 90.0% and 31.3% for ODJ and OJD, respectively. Cytogenetic analysis was conducted to obtain basic information for genetic identification of O. dancena, O. javanicus and their hybrids. The karyotypes of all experimental groups showed 2n=48 chromosomes and the fundamental number (FN) was 48. The first pair carried secondary constrictions near the centromeric regions. Erythrocyte area and volume were $9.8\;{\pm}\;0.5\;{\mu}m^2$ and $18.2\;{\pm}\;1.0\;{\mu}m^3$, respectively, for O. dancena, $8.3\;{\pm}\;0.5\;{\mu}m^2$ and $15.8\;{\pm}\;1.5\;{\mu}m^3$ in O. javanicus, and $18.3\;{\pm}\;0.5\;{\mu}m^2$ and $15.7\;{\pm}\;1.3\;{\mu}m^3$ in ODJ. Erythrocyte area and volume in ODJ were similar to those of O. javanicus. In backcross hybrids between female O. dancena and male ODJ, all embryos failed to develop and died in the late gastrula stage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.253-256
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• 2009

This paper describes a core generator (FFT_Core_Gen) which generates Verilog HDL models of 8 different FFT/IFFT cores with $N=64{\times}2^k$($0{\leq}k{\leq}7$ for OFDM-based communication systems. The generated FFT/IFFT cores are based on in-place single memory architecture, and use a hybrid structure of radix-4 and radix-2 DIF algorithm to accommodate various FFT lengths. To achieve both memory reduction and the improved SQNR, a conditional scaling technique is adopted, which conditionally scales the intermediate results of each computational stage, and the internal data and twiddle factor has 14 bits. The generated FFT/IFFT cores have the SQNR of 58-dB for N=8,192 and 63-dB for N=64. The cores synthesized with a $0.35-{\mu}m$ CMOS standard cell library can operate with 75-MHz@3.3-V, and a 8,192-point FFT can be computed in $762.7-{\mu}s$, thus the cores satisfy the specifications of wireless LAN, DMB, and DVB systems.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.13 no.1 s.38
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• pp.7-15
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• 2006

In-situ observation of electromigration in thin film pattern of 63Sn-37Pb solder was performed using a scanning electron microscope system. The 63Sn-37Pb solder had the incubation stage of electromigration for edge movement when the current density of $6.0{\times}10^{4}A/cm^2$ was applied the temperature between $90^{\circ}C\;and\;110^{\circ}C$. The major diffusion elements due to electromigration were Pb and Sn at temperatures of $90-110^{\circ}C\;and\;25-50^{\circ}C$, respectively, while no major diffusion of any element due to electromigration was detected when the test temperature was $70^{\circ}C$. The reason was that both the elements of Sn and Pb were migrated simultaneously under such a stress condition. The existence of the incubation stage was observed due to Pb migration before Sn migration at $90-110^{\circ}C$. Electromigration behavior of 63Sn-37Pb solder had an incubation time in common for edge drift and void nucleation, which seemed to be related the lifetime of flip chip solder bump. Diffusivity with $Z^*$(effective charges number) of Pb and Sn were strongly affect the electromigration-induced major diffusion element in SnPb solder by temperature, respectively.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 1993

To produce F1 hybrid of silkworm sex discrimination has to be followed at the pupal stage by sexual organ. However it requires a lot of labour and may bring about a wrong classification. In these regards, this study has been implemented to find out an effective measure for the pupal sex discrimination by use of variation of cocoon weight and image analysis of cocoon. As a result, it was found that in case of the pupal weight the percentage of a wrong classification fell on 0.3% and in case of single cocoon weight 0.4%. The discrimination rate was 99% in the weight variables of cocoon but analysis by single cocoon weight and cocoon shape variables, it was 98.7%. Efficiency of discrimination was increased by 2.7% as compared to variable of single cocoon weight. The minimum cocoon sampling size may be 15 cocoons sexual-wise.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 2024

This study aims to assess the quality and performance of predictive models for colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM). A systematic review was performed to identify relevant studies from various databases. Studies that described or validated predictive models for CRCLM were included. The methodological quality of the predictive models was assessed. Model performance was evaluated by the reported area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Of the 117 articles screened, seven studies comprising 14 predictive models were included. The distribution of included predictive models was as follows: radiomics (n = 3), logistic regression (n = 3), Cox regression (n = 2), nomogram (n = 3), support vector machine (SVM, n = 2), random forest (n = 2), and convolutional neural network (CNN, n = 2). Age, sex, carcinoembryonic antigen, and tumor staging (T and N stage) were the most frequently used clinicopathological predictors for CRCLM. The mean AUCs ranged from 0.697 to 0.870, with 86% of the models demonstrating clear discriminative ability (AUC > 0.70). A hybrid approach combining clinical and radiomic features with SVM provided the best performance, achieving an AUC of 0.870. The overall risk of bias was identified as high in 71% of the included studies. This review highlights the potential of predictive modeling to accurately predict the occurrence of CRCLM. Integrating clinicopathological and radiomic features with machine learning algorithms demonstrates superior predictive capabilities.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1991

Dry matter productivity at silage stage of two corn hybrids varying resistance to rice blackstreaked dwarf virus(RBSDV) and two sorghum hybrids varying growth duration was evaluated at six planting dates (Apr. 1, Apr. 15, Apr. 29, May 13, May 27, and June 10) in Kyongsan where RBSDV is prevalent.Corn was harvested 38-40 days after silking. For sorghum 1st-cut was made 19-22 days after heading and some regrowth (2nd-cut) on October 13. 1. Percent stand of both corn hybrids was over 91% at all planting dates, but that of sorghum ranged 37.2-80.3% depending on hybrids and planting dates. 2. The number of days from planting to emergence decreased as planting date delayed in both crops. The number of days from emergence to silking of both corn hybrids and a sorghum hybrid(P 956) decreased as planting date delayed, but that of the other sorghum hybrid(P 931) increased significantly after May 13 planting. 3. RBSDV infection rate of corn hybrids was highest at April 1 planting (Kwanganok 24.896, Jinjuok 63.0%) and decreased up to April 29 planting and then increased as planting date delayed. Sorghum was not infected by RBSDV at all. 4. EarfTotal dry matter ratio of corn ranged 30.6-47.9% and that of sorghum 3.1-30.7% depending on hybrids and planting dates. All the hybrids developed grain normally at all planting dates except a sorghum hybrid (P 931) which developed few grains after May 13 planting. 5. Crude (C) protein and C. fat contents were similar among all treatments. C. fiber content of P 931 was higher than that of both corn hybrids and P 956, but nitrogen free extract (NFE) was lower. C. fiber and NFE of both corn hybrids and 1st-cut sorghum were similar among the planting dates, but C. fiber and NFE of 2nd-cut of sorghum decreased and C. protein increased as planting date delayed due to plants were younger. 6. Dry matter (DM) yield of all hybrids decreased as planting date delayed except Jinjuok of which yield was highest at April 29 planting. DM yield of corn was similar to 1st-cut sorghum, but lower than total DM yield of sorghum at April 1 and 15 plantings where regrowth yield was high.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2023

With the COVID-19 pandemic, there is increasing interest in anti-obesity strategies. According to the National Statistical Office, the obesity rate in Korea was 38.3% in 2020 and 37.1% in 2021. Obesity is a risk factor for several severe diseases, including stroke, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Pinus rigida × Pinus taeda is a hybrid of Pinus rigida Mill and Pinus taeda Linn, and its cones are considered a by-product. Although previous studies have investigated their pharmacological effects on antioxidant activity and protection against oxidative DNA damage, few researchers have explored their potential as functional natural materials. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of the cone of ethyl acetate fraction of P. rigida × P. taeda (ERT), specifically its ability to inhibit lipid accumulation. Our analysis showed that ERT contains phytochemicals (catechin and caffeic acid) which are known to improve immune function and inhibit cell damage. ERT inhibited lipid droplet accumulation at the cellular levels through Oil Red O staining. Furthermore, ERT suppressed the expression of adipogenic transcription factors (PPARγ and CEBP/α) as well as downstream lipogenic target genes (FAS and SREBP-1) thereby inhibiting adipogenesis. ERT also down-regulated key adipogenic markers, including aP2α, while inducing the phosphorylation of AMPK. It has been reported that PPARγ and CEBP/α are expressed in the early stages of adipose differentiation, while SREBP-1 is expressed in the late stage. Therefore, our findings suggest that ERT activates AMPK signaling pathways, which inhibits adipogenic transcription factors (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1) and lipogenic genes (FAS and aP2α), thereby blocking lipid accumulation and preventing obesity and related disorders. ERT showed potential as a new resource for developing a functional material for anti-obesity agents.

• Atmosphere
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.153-176
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• 2024

At 0843 UTC 30 May 2021, a commercial aircraft encountered severe turbulence at z = 11.5 km associated with the rapid development of Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) in the Gyeonggi Bay of Korea. To investigate the generation mechanisms of Near-Cloud Turbulence (NCT) near the MCS, Weather Research and Forecasting model was used to reproduce key features at multiple-scales with four nested domains (the finest ∆x = 0.2 km) and 112 hybrid vertical layers. Simulated subgrid-scale turbulent kinetic energy (SGS TKE) was located in three different regions of the MCS. First, the simulated NCT with non-zero SGS TKE at z = 11.5 km at 0835 UTC was collocated with the reported NCT. Cloud-induced flow deformation and entrainment process on the downstream of the overshooting top triggered convective instability and subsequent SGS TKE. Second, at z = 16.5 km at 0820 UTC, the localized SGS TKE was found 4 km above the overshooting cloud top. It was attributed to breaking down of vertically propagating convectively-induced gravity wave at background critical level. Lastly, SGS TKE was simulated at z = 11.5 km at 0930 UTC during the dissipating stage of MCS. Upper-level anticyclonic outflow of MCS intensified the environmental westerlies, developing strong vertical wind shear on the northeastern quadrant of the dissipating MCS. Three different generation mechanisms suggest the avoidance guidance for the possible NCT events near the entire period of the MCS in the heavy air traffic area around Incheon International Airport in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 1981

Using the milled, blast infected leaves (BIL) as an inoculum source on the screening for the resistance to blast of rice plant was a simple and useful technique. The temperature with high (25^\circ C\sim 35^\circ C) and low (15^\circ C\sim 28^\circ C) and the water stressed or not, was conditioned of to the inoculation with the BIL to the test varieties in seedling stage. In low temperature, most of the varieties were more infected with blast, however the Indica-Japonica hybrids were more infected in high temperature conditions. The water stressed was more infected with blast than the not stressed. The interaction of variety with water stress was not so much as that of variety with temperature. Resistant reaction to blast (BIL) was not affected by the temperature and water stress, but the moderately resistant or susceptible one was much affected by them. Inoculum of BIL was virulent to the newly bred Indica-Japonica hybrid cultivars such as Tongil, Nopung, etc, but not virulent to the Japonica cultivars such as Nongbaek, Jinheung, etc. The discrete, mixed or variable lesions were observed mainly in the moderately resistant or susceptible cultivars such as Kanto 51, Yashiromochi, Ishikari-shiroke, etc.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1985

Phytotron and field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of morphological growth stage and environmental temperature on synthesis and accumulation pattern of cyanogenic glycosides in sorghum cv. Pioneer 931 and Sioux at Munich technical university from 1979 to 1980. Various growth stages of sorghum plants were grown in phytotron at 4 different temperature regimes of 30/25, 25/20, 28/18 and 18/8 degree C with 35,000 Lux over 13-h days. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Cyanogenic glycosides in sorghum plants were shown to have a great synthetic rate at early growth stages. The highest concentrations of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) were found at 2-leaf stage with 2384 and 1800ppm (DM basis) for Pioneer 931 and Sioux respectively. The contents of HCN were, however, however decreased markedly as morphological development, which shows a value of 173ppm (Pioneer 931) and 70ppm (Sioux) at heading stages. 2. Changes of hydrocyanic acid in sorghum plants were positive correlated with leaf weight ratio and leaf area ratio ($P{\leqq}0.1%$), while plant height shows a negative correlation with HCN contents ($P{\leqq}0.1%$). 3. Cyanogenic glycosides were accumulated in young plants mainly in leaves. During the late maturities, the contents of HCN in leaves and stalks were shown, however, a similar distribution. 4. Synthesis rates of cyanogenic glycosides were increased under high temperature. Accumulated hydrocyanic acid in the plants was, however declined when temperature exceeded 30 degree C. 5. Synthesis rates of cyanogenic glycosides were affected by nitrogen reductase activity (NRA). The concentration of hydrocyanic acid in sorghum plants was associated with increasing of nitrate-N accumulation.