• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.301-310
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• 2016

This is a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized experiment research to verify the effect of moxibustion therapy on efficient management of daily living disabilities and sleep patterns in elderly women with chronic low back pain. Total 12 sessions of moxibustion therapy were applied to elderly women(30 subjects in an experimental group and 30 subjects in a control group) in G City once a week for 12 weeks from March 15th to May $31^{st}$ 2015. Then the follow-up study was conducted 2 weeks after the post survey. For moxibustion, was applied to Shen-shu, Ashi point, Ta chang shu, Yang kuan and Yosu. 5 sheets of moxibustion were applied to 7 acupuncture points of Mugeukboyang moxibustion; Zu san li & Chu chi, Chung wan, Chung chi & Shui tao, Fei shu, Kao hung and Tien shu, Wijung respectively and experimental treatment was conducted. For assessing the degree of back pain, Visual Analog Scale(VAS) developed by Scott & Huskisson(1979) was used and for measuring the degree of daily living disability, Oswestry Disability Index, which was developed by Fairbank et al(1980) and translated and revised by Yim, Hyeon-sul et al.(1998), was used. For measuring sleep patterns, the sleep pattern measurement tool developed by Oh, Jin-su, Song, Mi-soon and Kim, Sin-mi(1998) was used. For data analysis, SPSS/WIN 18.0 was employed and Chi-square test, t-test and repeated measures ANOVA were performed. There were significant differences in pain score(F=2510.32, p<.001), daily living disability score(F=1937.82, p<.001) and sleep pattern score((F=15.54, p<.001) of elderly women that were provided with moxibustion therapy, compared to the control group. Therefore, it was found that moxibustion therapy made a positive contribution to reduction in pain and daily living disabilities and improvement in sleep quality. Based on this study finding, there is a need to apply moxibustion therapy to elderly people with chronic low back pain as a nursing intervention in future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.216-223
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• 2014

Curcuma longa L. (CL) is a well known traditional medicinal plant that is also used in curries and mustards as a coloring and flavoring agent. However, CL is not usually used as a food source due to its bitter taste. We investigated the immunomodulatory effect of CL fermented by Aspergillus oryzae (FCL) on RAW 264.7 cells. FCL was extracted with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), 20% ethanol (20% EtOH) and 80% ethanol (80% EtOH), after which its effects on phagocytic activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), nitric oxide (NO) production, natural killer (NK) cell activity and mRNA expression of LP-BM5 eco were investigated. Phagocytic activity was increased in HW and 20% EtOH when compared to the control. The secretion of nitric oxide (NO) from RAW 264.7 cells did not change significantly relative to the control. However, TNF-${\alpha}$ was significantly increased by the addition of FCL extracts. Moreover, FCL 20% ethanol extract showed a four fold increase in NK cell cytotoxity relative to the control group. Finally, we observed suppressed mRNA expression of LP-BM5 eco in FCL extracts, especially in the 20% ethanol extracts group. These results indicate that the FCL extracts can be used as a functional material due to their effective immunomodulating activities.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.767-788
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine emotional characteristics and to provide information about the special needs of counselling of science gifted in Korea. The subjects were 143 science gifted high school students in Busan that had been tested MBTI and MMPI-A. The distribution map of MBTI type was examined and Pearson's correlation, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the relation between MBTI and MMPI-A through SPSS 17.0 program. The results showed as follows: first, ENTP, INTP, ISTJ personality types and NT temperament type were the most frequently from the distribution map of MBTI type. Second, F1, F2, F, Hs, D, Pt, Sc and Si scales of MMPI-A were positively related to I preference of MBTI and K and Ma scales of MMPI-A were significantly related to E preference of MBTI from Pearson's correlation. Third, The score of IN group was significantly more high in F1, Hs, D, SC and Si scales of MMPI-A than other group in the relation between two combination preferences of MBTI and scale of MMPI-A. The following results were same; IS group in D, Si scales, EN group in Ma scale, IT group in Hs, D, Pt and S scales, IF group in VRIN, D and Si scales, ET in Ma scale, IJ group in D and Si, IP group in F1, F, Hs, D, Hy, Pt, Sc and Si scales, EJ and EP groups in Ma scale. Finally, I preference of MBTI by F1, F2, F, Hs, D, Pt, Sc and Si scales of MMPI-A, E preference of MBTI by Ma scale of MMPI-A, F preference of MBTI by K scale of MMPI-A and P preference of MBTI by Hy scale of MMPI-A were significantly predicted from multiple regression analysis. Limitations of the current study and the suggestions for further research were offered.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2000

The binding mode of anthryl derivatives to synthetic polynucleotides were investigated by various spectroscopic methods. The spectroscopic properties of anthracence with metbylamine and methylethylenediamine side chains, complexed with $poly[d(A-T)_2]$ and $poly[d(G-C)_2]$, can be summarized as a red-shift, with a strong hypochromism in the absortion spectrum, similar induced CD spectra, and a strong negative LD spectrum with an $LD^r$ magnitude comparable to the DNA absorption region. These observations indicate that anthracene moiety is intercalated between the nucleo-bases of $poly[d(A-T)_2]$ and $poly[d(G-C)_2]$. The side chains did not alter the spectroscopic properties, demonstrating that the binding mode was not affected by them. A strong energy transfer was observed from poly[d(A-T),] and $poly[d(I-C)_2]$ but not from $poly[d(G-C)_2]$, as reported by Kumar et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc.(1993) 115, 8547). Since the binding mode is the same for all the polynucleotides, the amine group of the guanine base, which protrudes into the minor groove of $poly[d(G-C)_2]$, is concluded to disrupt the energy transfer.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1973

Though it has been reported by Clements et al. and Avery et al. that the activity of the pulmonary surfactant can be altered by the temperature changes, a conclusive evidence of the effects of temperature on the surfactant system of the lung is yet to come. In the present study, an attempt was made to observe possible effects of a few different degrees of temperature on the activity of the pulmonary surfactant of the rabbit in vivo and in vitro. The rabbit was sacrificed by blood shedding and both lungs were completely removed. The lung washings, obtained by gently lavaging the left lung with saline, was placed at 1) 4C for 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 40 days, and 2) 20C for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 days for in vitro experiment. For in vivo experiment, the rabbit was placed at 4C for 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours, and the lung lavage was prepared as described above in the in vitro experiment. Tension-area (T-A) diagram of the lung lavage was recorded automatically by a modified. Langmuir-Wilhelmy balance with a synchronized recording system. The surface tensions thus obtained were compared with those of the normal rabbit, and the results are summarized as follows: 1. The maximal surface tension, minimal surface tension and stability index of the normal rabbit lung lavage were $52.5{\pm}2.3\;dynes/cm,\;4.9{\pm}2.3\;dynes/cm$ and 1.65, respectively. 2. In the group where the lung lavage was placed at 4C in vitro, the maximal and minimal surface tensions, and stability index did not show any noticeable changes comparing with the normal values up to 30 days. On the 40th day of the experiment, a tendency of a slight increase in the surface tensions was observed but the change was not significant. 3. When the lung lavage was placed at 20 C in vitro, the maximal surface tension did not show any appreciable change comparing with the normal except on the 7 th day with a slight increase. The minimal surface tension showed an increased value from the 2nd day, and on the 5 th and 7 th experimental day, markedly increased value was observed. The stability index, on the other hand. showed a marked decrease throughout the entire experiment with the value of 0.71 and 0.53 on the 5th and 7 th day, respectively. 4. In the group where the rabbit was placed at 4 C in vivo, the maximal surface tensions and stability index of the lung lavage showed little change from the normal. The minimal surface tension at 12 experimental hour showed a slight increase, but it returned to the normal value at 24 hour.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.101-108
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• 2021

Objectives : A root of Dipsacus asperoides C. Y. Cheng et T. M. Ai (D. asperoides) has been traditionally used as a medicinal resource in several Asian countries, including Korean and traditional Chinese medicine that has been traditionally used for treating several medical conditions including pain, arthritis, and bone fractures in Korea. In the present study, we investigated potential subacute toxicities of D. asperoides extract. Methods : C57BL/6 mice (male, 7weeks) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 5 mice. Except for the control group, the mice were orally administrated D. asperoides extract at doses of 50, 150, or 450 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, all mice were euthanized, and the following parameters were examined: mortality, body weight, clinical signs, gross findings, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weight, and histopathology. Results : There were no abnormalities in mortality, clinical signs, body weight, gross findings, or organ weight after repeated administration of D. asperoides extract for 2 weeks, compared with the control group. In addition, there were no significant changes in hematological, serum biochemical, and histopathological parameters between the control group and D. asperoides extract administrated groups with doses of up to 450 mg/kg/day. Conclusion : In this study, D. asperoides extract showed no significant toxicities at a dose of up to 450 mg/kg/day in mice. Although we could not confirm the toxic dose of D. asperoides extract, it can be considered safe for further pharmacological use.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.347-353
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• 1997

This study was to test whether in vitro/in vivo survival of vitrified mouse blastocysts was influenced by culture conditions and ET method. Mouse blastocysts were obtained from in vitro fertilization and cultured for 4 days in M16 medium, and they were vitrified in EFS40 which contained 40% ethlyene glycol, 18% Ficoll and 0.5 mol sucrose in PBS. In experiment I, in vitro and in vivo survival rate of these embryos were evaluated in different culture condition after thawing. When thawed embryos were cultured in M16 medium as a control, m-CR1 medium contained 20 amino acids (2% BME amino acis and 1% MEM non-essential amino acids solution) and 4 mg/ml BSA and cumulus monolayer cell co-cultured condition in mCR1 medium (10% FBS), their in vitro survival at 24 hr after thawing was not affected by culture condition (75.6, 83.1, 82.4%). However, in vivo survival rates of implantation in m-CR1 medium (80.4%) were significantly higher than those of M16 medium (51.2%), co-culture (57.1%) condition, although there was no difference in live fetuses rates on day 15 gestation (39.0, 49.0, 38.1%). In experiment II, the in vivo development potential of embryos by ET methods was examined. When blastocysts were transferred to the day 2, 3 pseudopregnant recipient without culture soon after thawing, no pregnant recipient was obtained on the day 2 pseudopregnancy, and 50% of pregnancy rates and 15.4% of live fetus rates were obtained on the day 3 pseudopregnant recipients. These results were significantly lower than those of transferred group (day 3 pseudopregnant recipients) after culture for 16 hr post thawing (73.5, 57.1%) (p<0.05). In experiment III, to elevate usability of delayed embryos in vitro/in vivo survival of vitrified embryos (day 4 early, day 5 early and expanding blastocyst) were examined. in vivo survival rates (live fetus, total implantation) were higher in day 4 early blastocysts (33.3, 66.7%) than in day 5 expanding blastocysts (29.0, 38.7%), although the highest in vitro survival rates were obtained in the day 5 expanding brastocysts (78.3%). Therefore, these results suggest that the in vitro/in vivo survival rates of vitrified embryos could be improve by the culture condition and ET method and that the in vivo development rates of delayed embryos were decreased with longer culture duration in vitro. It means that more effective cryopreservation was obtained in day 4 early blastocysts than in day 5 expanding blastocysts.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.228-235
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• 2004

The development and proliferation of the mandibular condyle can be altered by changes in the biomechanical environment of the temporomandibular joint. The biomechanical loads were varied by feeding diets of different consistencies. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether changes of masticatory forces by feeding a soft diet can alter the trabecular bone morphology of the growing mouse mandibular condyle, by means of micro-computed tomography. Thirty-six female, 21 days old, C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups. Mice in the hard-diet control group were fed standard hard rodent pellets for 8 weeks. The soft-diet group mice were given soft ground diets for 8 weeks and their lower incisors were shortened by cutting with a wire cutter twice a week to reduce incision. After 8 weeks all animals were killed after they were weighed. Following sacrifice, the right mandibular condyle was removed. High spatial resolution tomography was done with a Skyscan Micro-CT 1072. Cross-sections were scanned and three-dimensional images were reconstructed from 2D sections. Morphometric and nonmetric parameters such as bone volume(BV), bone surface(BS), total volume(TV), bone volume fraction(BV/TV), surface to volume ratio(BS/BV), trabecular thickness(Tb. Th.), structure model index(SMI) and degree of anisotropy(DA) were directly determined by means of the software package at the micro-CT system. From directly determined indices the trabecular number(Tb. N.) and trabecular separation(Tb. Sp.) were calculated according to parallel plate model of Parfitt et al.. After micro-tomographic imaging, the samples were decalcified, dehydrated, embedded and sectioned for histological observation. The results were as follow: 1. The bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness(Tb. Th.) and trabecular number(Tb. N.) were significantly decreased in the soft-diet group compared with that of the control group (p<0.05). 2. The trabecular separation(Tb. Sp.) was significantly increased in the soft-diet group(p<0.05). 3. There was no significant differences in the surface to volume ratio(BS/BV), structure model index(SMI) and degree of anisotropy(DA) between the soft-diet group and hard-diet control group (p>0.05). 4. Histological sections showed that the thickness of the proliferative layer and total cartilage thickness were significantly reduced in the soft-diet group.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-37
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• 1996

The internal regions of nuclear small subunit rRNA from 6 plaeurotus species and 5 Pleurotus ostreatus strains were amplified by PCR and sequenced. The DNA sequences of 8 Pleurotus strains (P. ostreatus NFFA2, NFFA4501, NFFA4001, KFFA4001, KFCC11635, P florida, P. florida, P. sajor-cuju, P. pulmonarius, and P. spodoleucus) were idential, but P. cornucopiae differed from them in two bases out of 605 bases. However, p[hylogenetic analysis of the sequences by DNA-distance matrix and UPGMA methods showed that P. ostreatus NFFA2m1 and NFFA2m2, known as mutants of P. ostreatus NFFA2, belonged to anther group of Basidiomycotina, which is close to the genus Auricularia. The difference of the SSU rDNA sequences of P. cornucopiae from other Pleurotus species tested corresponds to the difference of mitochondrial plasmid type present in Pleurotus species as observed by Kim et al. (1993, Korean J. Microbiol. 31, 141-147).ishement of silencing at the HMR/hsp82 locus can occur in G1-arrested cells. Cell cycle arrest at G1 phase was achieved by treatment of early log a cell cultures with .alpha.-factor mating pheromone, which induces G1 arrest. The result suggests that passage through S phase (and therefore DNA replication) is nor required for re-establishing silencer-mediated repression at the HMNRa/HSP82 locus. Finally, to test whether de nono protein synthesis is required for re-establishment of silencer-mediated repression, cells were pretreated with cycloheximide (500 /.mu.g/ml) 120 min. It was apparent that inhibiting protein synthesis delays, but does not prevent, re-establishment of silencer-mediated repression. Altogether, these results indicate that re-establishment of silencer-mediated repression is not dependent on the DNA replication and has no requirement for protein synthesis.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze occupational and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA) in male office workers and to examine factors related to LTPA. Method: The subjects for this study were 226 male office workers, from eight work places located in Seoul, who had no physical restrictions. Minnesota LPTA Questionnaire (Taylor et al., 1978) revised by Kim(1997) was used to measure LTPA and revised Tecumseh Occupational Physical Activity Questionnaire (Motoye, 1971) was used to measure occupational physical activity. The data were collected from May 4 to May 19, 2001 using a semi-structured questionnaire with interviews and self reports. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Windows 10.0 Program. Results: The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The mean level of physical activity was 8,716.9kcal/wk. The occupational physical activity was at 6,605kcal/wk(75.8%) and the level of LTPA was 2,111.4kcal/wk (24.2%). 2. Using 2,000kcal/wk as a base for categorizing LTPA as active or inactive, it was found that there were 94 subjects(41.6%) in the active group. 3. Subjects in their thirties had a lower level of LTPA than subjects in other age groups (F=3.484, p<.05). Physical activity, self-efficacy (r=.405, p=.000) and perceived health status (r=.301, p=.000) were positively related to LTPA. 4. Participants in club activities had a higher level of LTPA than those who did not (t=-2.369, p=.020). Support for physical activity(r=.164, p=0.13) was positively related to LTPA. Conclusion: This study suggested that to increase physical activity in male office workers, physical activity promotion programs should be established according to age and sex especially for those who are in their thirties and for women, and should include strategies strengthening support through peer groups and family, developing club activities and increasing physical activity self-efficacy.