• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.349-359
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• 2010

Objective: This study was performed to compare the clinical outcome of elective single embryo transfer (eSET) performed at the cleavage stage to that of elective double embryo transfer (eDET). Methods: Of the women less than 36 years old who visited Daegu Maria from January 2008 to April 2009, the only women (n=330) with more than 8 mm of endometrial thickness and at least one good quality embryo, who were treated with GnRH agonist long protocol, were included in this study. After information about complications that can arise by multiple embryo transfer, either eSET or eDET was conducted by their request (167 and 163, respectively).Results: The implantation rate of eSET group was significantly higher than that of eDET group (53.9% vs. 40.2%, p<0.01). The twin pregnancy rate of eSET group was significantly lower than that of eDET group (1.1% vs. 32.3%, p<0.001). However, there were no significant differences between two groups in the clinical pregnancy (53.3% vs. 60.7%, p=0.172), ongoing pregnancy (47.3% vs. 54.6%, p=0.185) and live birth rates (44.9% vs. 50.9%, p=0.275). The number of the surplus embryos which developed to the blastocyst stage and cryopreserved at that stage was significantly higher in eSET group than that of eDET group ($3.2{\pm}2.6$ vs. $2.1{\pm}2.4$, p<0.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that eSET should reduce significantly the multiple baby pregnancy without decreasing the whole pregnancy rate in women with less than 36 years old.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.187-206
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• 1993

The study was done to better understand problem behavior in high school students as described in family system theory, which explains the individual’s problem within the family interactions. The purpose of the study 1. To analyze the difference in the parents’ relationship as a couple between the two groups. 2. To analyze the difference in the parent-adolecent relationship between the two groups. 3. To analyze the difference in the family function (cohesion adaptability) between the two groups. The method of the study The staudy subjects consisted of a total of 176 families (528 persons), 109 high school students (End grade) with problem behavior and their parents (problem family group) ,and 69 high school students (same grade) with normal behavior and their parents (normal family group) residing in the Seoul area. Data were gathered from structured, self-reporting qestionaires which included a Couple Relation measurement (95 items) , Parent-Adolescent communication measurement (20 items), Family Cohesion Adaptability Scale (20 items) by DavidH. Olson et al., and a behavior evaluation tool. The results of the study 1. The results as related to the hypothesis were as follows. Hypothesis 1 : “satisfaction within The couple's relationship of the parents of problem family group will be lower than the normal family group was supported significantly(t=3.07, p=.005). Hypothesis 2: “The parent-adolescent relationship of the problem family group will be more negative and problematic than the normal family group” was supported significantly(t=4.06, p=.000). Hypothesis 3: “The family function (cohesion adaptability) of the problem family group will be lower than the normal family group" was supported significantly(t=2.20, p=.022) 2. The results of related analysis were as follows 1) Analysis of a causal relation between the couple’s relationship, the parent-adolescent relationship, family function and adolescent behavior showed that the Above 3 variables influenced adolescent behavior.. In cases where couple’s relation-ship, the parent-adolescent’s relationship, the family function are the better, their adolescent’s behavior is better. 2) Discriminant analysis of the research tool showed The discriminant ability of couple’s relationship tool was 75.57%, the Parent-Adolescent communication tool, 67.05, the family adaptability cohesion tool.67. 61%. In summary, interpersonal relationships in the family subsystems are interactive and their relation influences the behaviors. of adolescents in the family. Therefore, family therapy would be a more effective method than individual therapy, to resolve negative problem for adolscents, and the research tool used in this study are very useful for family system diagnosis and nursing intervention.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.72-84
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• 1998

This study has been done for the purpose of testing the effects of education for women's health on the performance of health promoting behavior and self esteem of college women. The study was designed as simulated control group pretest-posttest design, the experimental group was composed 182 college women and the control group was composed 151 college women at D University in Seoul. The instruments used for this study were Health Promoting Behavior Scale developed by Walker et al(1987)were modified by Shin(1997) and Self Esteem Scale developed by Rosenberg(1965). The data were analyzed by chi-square test, t-test and ANCOVA using $SPSSIPC^+$ program. The results were as follows: 1. The result of the homogeneity test in terms of the demographic characteristics of two group showed that there were significant difference in major discipline($x^2=155.854$, p=.000), religion($x^2=6.325$, p=.011), and disease experience($x^2=3.949$, p=.046). 2. Hypotheses 1 that the college women who get women's health education will have a higher score of health promoting behavior than the college women who do not get women's health education was supported. The score of health promoting behavior between two group showed statistically difference(t=7.25, p= .000). Mer control of covariates(major discipline, religion, and disease experience), the score of health promoting behavior between two group showed statistically difference(F=31.817, p= .000). 3. Hypotheses 2 that the college women who get women's health education will have a higher score of self esteem than the college women who do not get women's health education was supported. The score of self esteem between two group showed statistically difference(t=4.91, p= .000). After control of covariates(major discipline, religion, disease experience), the score of self esteem between two group showed statistically difference(F=12.688, p= .000). The following suggestions are made based on the above results : 1) Replication of the research is needed to confirm effects of health education including the college man and various demographic differences. 2) More effective health education programs appropriate to subject need to be developed. 3) Nursing college or departments of nursing should make an effort to develop and carry out various health education program for health for all.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.443-448
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• 2012

Ferrocenyl chalcones (Fc-C(O)CH=CH-Ar: Fc-Ar) with mono- and di-1-naphthalenyl moieties (Fc-1Naph and Fc-d1Naph) were prepared and spectroscopically characterized. The enone bridge was in the s-cis conformation and the $\pi$-electrons on the C=C bond were further delocalized on the bridge. The naphthalenyl moiety deviates greatly from the enone-Cp plane by $26.9(1)^{\circ}$. Cyclic voltammetry measurements for Fc-1Naph exhibit one reversible cycle for the redox of the ferrocenyl moiety at a lower potential, and one irreversible oxidation peak at the higher potential region. For Fc-d1Naph, the cyclic voltammogram is more featureless. Fluorescence properties for both compounds are active in polar solvents with $\lambda_{em}$ = 500 nm (EtOH) and $\lambda_{em}$ = 512 nm (MeOH) for Fc-1Naph and $\lambda_{em}$ = 496 nm (EtOH) and $\lambda_{em}$ = 508 nm (MeOH) for Fc-d1Naph. The intensity of Fc-d1Naph is more than twice than that of Fc-1Naph. The fluorescence properties for both compounds are inactive in the less polar solvents such as $CH_3CN$, $CH_2Cl_2$ and $CHCl_3$.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

EtOAc fractions of Magnolia obovata (M. obovata) Bark extracts were studied for the potential ingredient as a safe and effective whitening cosmetic material. The concentration of active substances honokiol was determined by HPLC. In vitro, the fractions reduced the extracellular and intracellular melanin contents in B16F10 cells in dose dependently and inhibited extracellular melanin secretion ($IC_{50}=11.05{\mu}g/mL$). The $12.5{\mu}g/mL$ treatment of maximum concentration effectively inhibited up to about 60% to the amount of extracullular melanin. Also, the $12.5{\mu}g/mL$ treatment of maximum concentration effectively inhibited up to about 59% to the amount of intracullular melanin ($IC_{50}=10.85{\mu}g/mL$). The $IC_{50}$ value of ${\alpha}-arbutin$ used as a positive control was $59.99{\mu}g/mL$. So, EtOAc fractions of M. obovata Bark extracts showed whitening effect when compared with the non-treatment group. In case of in vivo study, Cosmetic cream with EtOAc fractions of M. obovata Bark extracts was approved by Ethics committee of KDRI (IRB number: KDRI-IRB-1537). As a result in progress for skin sensitization as well as assessment of skin irritation through repeated patch test, skin allergens was identified as non sensitizing agents. Also, cosmetic cream with EtOAc fractions of M. obovata Bark extracts showed significant topical whitening effect and reliable skin safety when compared with the non-treatment group. In conclusion, EtOAc fractions of M. obovata Bark extracts may be a useful cosmetic ingredient for effective skin whitening.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2002

Purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a clinical basic nursing practice of the nursing students on the clinical competency.Method: The subjects of this study were 154 fresh nursing students(experimental group) in second semester of G college who have had the clinical basic nursing practice in a clinical setting, and 148 fresh nursing students(control group) in second semester of A college who have not had the clinical practice. Data for this study were collected from September 19 to December 5, 2001 with a questionnaire which was consisted of three measuring tools, these are Basic Nursing Skills (36 items) of Yoo(1992), Teaching / Coordinating (6 items) and Professional Attitudes (7 items) of Lee et al.(1990), and Self-esteem (10 items) of Ronsenberg(1965).Result : 1) The experimental group showed statistically significant higher clinical competency than the control group.2) Moreover, the experimental group showed the higher scores than the control group significantly in all the detail areas, those are basic nursing skill, teaching & coordinating, professional attitudes and self esteem.Conclusion : As the results of the study shown, the clinical practice on basic nursing for fresh nursing students in second semester of college shall contribute to develop their clinical competency. So Nurses graduating from college with the higher clinical competency are expected, if the clinical institutions and nursing colleges try to cooperate in this area continuously.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the effects of neonatal hearing screening program (NHSP) information on parental satisfaction with the Parent Satisfaction Questionnaire with Neonatal Hearing Screening Program (PSQ-NHSP) by Mazlan et al. (2006). The PSQ-NHSP consisted of four aspects including: information, personnel in charge of the hearing test, appointment activity, and overall satisfaction in the neonatal hearing screening program. A total of 106 parents (50 in the experimental group and 56 in the control group) participated in this study in one general hospital and two delivery clinics. The fifty parents in the experimental group received information and counseling with educational materials before filling out the PSQ-NHSP, but the fifty-six parents in the control group did not receive any counseling or education materials before completing the PSQ-NHSP. The PSQ-NHSP demonstrated excellent internal consistency reliability (${\sigma}=0.914$). The results of the study were as follows. First, the overall satisfaction ($3.77{\pm}0.81$) and personnel in charge of hearing test ($3.52{\pm}0.79$) aspects showed higher rates of satisfaction than the appointment activity aspect ($3.51{\pm}0.80$) for total subjects. Second, the overall parental satisfaction rate of the experimental group ($4.15{\pm}0.50$) was significantly higher than that of the control group ($3.09{\pm}0.53$) in all items. Lastly, thirty-two participants (30%) made at least one comment in response to the open-set items. A total of 29 comments were related to satisfaction with participating in the NHSP and II comments were related to dissatisfaction. In conclusion, to improve parental satisfaction it is important to provide parents with education and information about the NHSP before the test. In addition, PSQ-NHSP was found to be a useful instrument for identifying the benefits and shortfalls of the NHSP.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1565-1571
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• 2016

This paper is an empirical study of chinese consumers' lifestyle by country of origin effect of mobile phone. The data we analyze in this paper was collected and studied in Kim et al. (2006, 2007). We classify the respondents into the four groups according to the responses of country of origin effect of mobile phone. The four groups are group K (preference in made in Korea), group J (preference in made in Japan), group U (preference in made in USA), and group C (preference in made in China). One-way ANOVA and stepwise discriminant analysis are applied to classify the training sample which consists of 89 lifestyle variables and two personnel information. It is observed that group K is more open-minded, out front, aggressive, and self-assertive compared to group C.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate effects on cognitive perception. health promotion activity and life satisfaction of elderly. The participants for this study were 292 in senior citizen's center in S-city. The participants were categorized by two groups. one have taken exercise regularly. at least more than one a week for 6 months, the other have not. The measurement tools were the Perceived Benefit Scale developed by Walker, et al. and translated by Kim. Hee Ja(1994), the Life Satisfaction Index developed by Neugarten. etc. and translated by Lee. Ga Ok(1994) and Self efficacy Scale developed by Kim. Hee Ja (1994). The data were collected by personal interviews. which were taken from January 11 to 16. 1999, and analyzed by SAS 6.12. The major results of this study were as follows 1) Scores of self-efficacy were higher regular exercise group than irregular group. 2) Regular exercise group have taken exercise such as jogging, climbing and the other hands irregular group have not. 3) When the participants were categorized by smoking, other health promotion behavior (weight control. diet), both scores of life satisfaction index were higher smoking group than non-smoking group, other health promotion behavior than non-health promotion behavior. 4) There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of perceived benefit, life satisfaction, From these findings, regular exercise program will be able to provide elderly with opportunity to change positively their lives in cognitive perception. health promotion activity.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.273-288
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• 2001

Objectives : In order to study the effect of oral administration of Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang against the asthma. Method : Asthma was induced to Balb/c mouse with ovalbumin by using method of Hatfield et al. It was observed the changes numbers and morphology of the mast cells in the trachea, numbers of mucous secretory cell in the bronchus, morphology of the bronchus, ultramicroscopical appearance of surface of trachea and number of cilia and mucous secretory cells by scanning electron microscope. Result : 1. Degranulation and decreasing of the numbers of mast cells were significantly decreased in the Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang extract group as compared with control group. 2. Hypertrophy of mucous membrane of bronchus In the lung, infiltration of inflammatory cells, increasing of mucous secretory cells in the bronchus were significantly decreased in the Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang extract group as compared with control group. 3. Shedding, decreasing of cilia cells and increasing of mucous secretory cells in the surface of the trachea were significantly decreased in the Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang extract group as compared with control group. Conclusion : It is considered that Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang has somewhat favorable effects on the asthma because the asthma specific series of abnormalities in respiratory system were decreased after oral administration of Jungcheonhwadamgangki-tang in this study. In future, it is needed that the toxicological and dosage specific study of Jungcheonwhadamgangki-tang to use against bronchial asthma with safe.