• 산업공학
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 1988

This paper studied on the relationships between productivity and job satisfaction in small group activities. The researches were practiced with the same method which prof. Rao of Babson university et al.(1987) did on autonomous work groups in U.S.A.. The researcher divided companies of Korea and Japan into similar small groups such as high productive groups and low productive groups in each country and analyzed their degree of job satisfaction. According to the result, high productive groups indicated higher degree of job satisfaction than low productive groups. In the case of Korea, besides activating QC circle activity, it is also necessary to equalize the difficulty of the works, or to set up the pay system taken the difficulty of the works into consideration. In the case of Japan, it is important to encourage good human relationships and member's cooperation and unity.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
• /
• pp.224-227
• /
• 2006

For estimation of three inherent optical properties (IOPs), the absorption coefficients for phytoplankton ($a_{ph}$) and suspended solid particle ($a_{ss}$) and dissolved organic matter ($a_{dom}$), from ocean reflectance, we used inversion of remote sensing reflectance model (Ahn et al., 2001) at this study. The IOP inversion model assumes that (1) the relationship between remote sensing reflectance ($R_{rs}$) and absorption (a) and backscattering ($b_{b}$) is well known, (2) the optical coefficients for pure water ($a_{w}$, $b_{bw}$) are known, (3) the spectral shapes of the specific absorption coefficients for phytoplankton ($a^*_{ph}$) and suspended solid particle ($a^*_{ss}$) and the specific backscattering coefficients for phytoplankton ($b_b^*_{ph}$) and suspended solid particle ($b_b^*_{ss}$) are known. The input data of IOP inversion model is used in-situ ocean optical data at the seawater around the Korea Peninsula for 5 years (2001-2005). We compared the output data of the IOP inversion model and the in-situ observation for seawater around the Korea Peninsula.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.44-53
• /
• 1994

The result that investigated aberage weekly oocyst nymbers in faeces from 16 broiler farms, Oocyst can be found in the highest during the 5 weeks age. The 3 of the 16 farms have clinical sign of the coccidiosis at the faeces collection. Anticoccidial drug sensitivity against Oocyst isolated in 2 farms to have clinical coccidiosis was tested for the drug susceptibility and resistance in order to prevention coccidiosis effectively. Maduramicin, Salynomicif Narasin Lasalocid, Monensin, Robenidine and Dicrazulir were used an anticoccidial drugs. The results ; Anticoccidial index(ACI) of the A farm were 201.50 in a chicken group treated with Dicrazulir, 194.84 with Robenidine. 172.79 with Maduramicin 6ppm 170.49 with Salynomicin, 168.02 with maduramicin 5ppm 165.77 with Lasalocid, 143.34 with Monensin and 140.63 with Narasin. ACI of the B farm were 193.40 in a chicken group treated Robenidine, 190.64 with Dicrazuril, 158.75 with Maduramic in 6ppm, 151.62 with Maduramicin 5ppm, 149.44 with Salynomicin, 143.10 with lasalocid, 138.11 with Monensin and 137.50 with Narasin. According to interpretation of ACI from Kawasae et al, the drug resistance(less than 120 of ACI) not appeared in two farms, vut the drug tolerance(120-160 of ACI) appeared in two group treated with Monesin and Nalacin in csae of A farm and in all group with treated anticoccidial drug in case of B farm.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.117-128
• /
• 2022

Background: Moderate sedation is an integral part of dental care delivery. Target-controlled infusion (TCI) has the potential to improve patient safety and outcome. We compared the effects of using TCI to administer remifentanil/manual bolus midazolam with manual bolus fentanyl/midazolam administration on patient safety parameters, drug administration times, and patient recovery times. Methods: In this retrospective chart review, records of patients who underwent moderate intravenous sedation over 12 months in a private dental clinic were assessed. Patient indicators (pre-, intra-, and post-procedure noninvasive systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate) were compared using independent t-test analysis. Patient recovery time, procedure length, and midazolam dosage required were also compared between the two groups. Results: Eighty-five patient charts were included in the final analysis: 47 received TCI-remifentanil/midazolam sedation, and 38 received manual fentanyl/midazolam sedation. Among the physiological parameters, diastolic blood pressure showed slightly higher changes in the fentanyl group (P = 0.049), respiratory rate changes showed higher changes in the fentanyl group (P = 0.032), and the average EtCO₂ was slightly higher in the remifentanil group (P = 0.041). There was no significant difference in the minimum SpO₂ levels and average procedure length between the fentanyl and remifentanil TCI pump groups (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference was observed in the time required for discharge from the chair (P = 0.048), indicating that patients who received remifentanil required less time for discharge from the chair than those who received fentanyl. The dosage of midazolam used in the fentanyl group was 0.487 mg more than that in the remifentanil group; however, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of TCI administered remifentanil combined with manual administered midazolam has the potential to shorten the recovery time and reduce respiration rate changes when compared to manual administration of fentanyl/midazolam. This is possibly due to either the lower midazolam dosage required with TCI remifentanil administration or achieving a stable, steady-state low dose remifentanil concentration for the duration of the procedure.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2007

목 적: 불임 부부에서 자궁강내 정자주입술 시행 후 연속하여 시행한 자궁강내 정자주입술 및 전환하여 시행한 체외수정시술이 정액검사소견에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 진단적 목적으로 컴퓨터정액분석기를 이용한 정액검사 (computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA))를 시행한 후 자궁강내 정자주입술을 시행하였으나 임신에 실패한 53예를 대상으로 하였다. 자궁강내 정자주입술 시행 후 38예의 환자에서는 두 번째 자궁강내 정자주입술을 시행하였고 (Group 1), 15예의 환자에서는 체외수정시술을 시행하였다 (Group 2). 이들에서 두 번째 불임시술을 위해 채취한 정액의 양 (volume), 정자의 농도 (concentration), 운동성 (motility), 총운동성정자수 (total motile sperm count) 등의 컴퓨터정액분석소견을 이전에 자궁강내 정자주입술 시 시행한 정액검사소견과 비교하였다 결 과: 대상 불임 부부간의 남편 연령, 첫 번째 시술과 두 번째 시술 사이의 시간 간격, 불임의 원인 등에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. Group 1에서 첫 번째 시행 시의 정액검사소견의 정상 여부와 관계없이, 정자의 운동성은 첫 번째 자궁강내 정자주입술 시행 시보다 두 번째 자궁강내 정자주입술 시행 시에 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. Group 2에서는 첫 번째 자궁강내 정 자주입술 시보다 체외수정시술 시 정자의 농도, 정자의 운동성, 총운동성정자수에서 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. Group 2의 하위그룹 분석에서는 자궁강내 정자주입술 시행 시 정상 정액소견을 보인 경우는 체외수정시술 시 정자의 농도와 총운동성정자수가 유의하게 감소하였으나, 자궁강내 정 자주입술 시행 시 비정상 정액소견을 보인 경우에는 체외수정시술 시 정자의 운동성이 유의하게 감소하였다. 결 론: 자궁강내 정자주입 술 시행 후 임신에 실패하여 체외수정시술을 시행하게 된 환자의 정액검사소견은 자궁강내 정 자주입술을 계속 시행 받은 환자군에 비해 더 악영향을 받는다. 그 이유를 설명하기 위해 심리적 스트레스에 대한 후속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.393-398
• /
• 2010

Early pregnancy diagnosis of bovine is an essential component for efficient reproductive plan in farms because long term of non-pregnancy results in economic losses by failure of offspring production and low milk yield in dairy cattle. The major steroid hormones related with reproduction are known to be progesterone and estrogen in bovine pregnancy. To evaluate detection level of hormones in milk, plasma and milk progestrone and estrogen of Holstein cows was analyzed during artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET). Progesterone concentration at 21 days postestrus was significantly different in plasma and milk between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Estrogen concentration at estrus was higher in pregnant recipients than that in non-pregnant recipients. To analyze correlation between hormone levels and conception rates in Holstein, the conception and return rates were checked following AI, and the returned cows were on the track of pregnancy after consecutive AI. Pregnant cows following first AI were considered as high conception group while pregnant cows following third AI were rated as low conception group. Proportion of high and low conception groups in this study was 78.2% and 9.1%, respectively. Hormone analysis indicated that high conception group had higher estrogen level during estrus than low conception group ($26.45{\pm}3.32$ vs $19.017{\pm}2.97$). Progesterone level was not different between high and low conception groups during estrus but increased significantly after 21 days postestrus (21 day: $4.95{\pm}1.12$ vs $0.95{\pm}0.23$, 35 day: $12.47{\pm}3.82$ vs $2.41{\pm}1.21$). In conclusion, the pattern of progesterone and estrogen secretion in Holstein milk samples could be a good candidate for early pregnancy detection and selection of recipients during ET.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.926-930
• /
• 2003

솔잎분말이 과산화지질을 급여한 횐쥐의 혈장 및 간장지질구성과 항산화능에 미치는 영향을 검토했다. 일일 식이섭취량은 정상군을 비롯한 과산화지질처리군 모두에서 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 일일체중증가율 및 식이효율은 과산화지질처리군 모두가 정상군보다 높았으나, 대조군과 솔잎처리군 간에는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 혈장 총콜레스테롤량은 과산화지질처리에 의해 증가하였으나, 솔잎 처리에 의해 감소되었다. 혈장 HDL-cholesterol량은 솔잎처리군에서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 혈장 중성지질량은 처리군간에 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 간장의 총콜레스테를량과 중성지질량은 과산화지질처리군에서 증가하였으나, 솔잎처리에 따른 유의한 차이는 볼 수 없었다. 혈장 및 간장내 TBARS량과 혈장 GOT 및 GPT의 활성치는 과산화지질처리군에서 증가하였으나, 솔잎처리에 의해 감소되었다(p<0.05). 간장 glutathione peroxidase 활성치는 솔잎처리에 의해 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 대조군과 유의한 차이를 나타내지는 않았다(p>0.05).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.340-344
• /
• 1998

A facile synthesis of 4,5-(1',2'-diphenylethylenedithio)-1,3-dithiole-2-thione (dPhEDT-DTT) is carried out via a Diels-Alder type [2+4] cycloaddition reaction of 1,3-dithiol-2,4,5-trithione oligomer and t-stilbene. Molecular structure of dPhEDT-DTT is determined by x-ray crystallography: space group P1, a=11.694(3) Å, b=12.117(3) Å, c=14.688(3) Å, α=113.12(2)°, β=102.23(2)°, γ=107.02(2)°, V= 1699.1(7) Å3, Z=2. It turns out that dPhEDT-DTT crystallizes as a racemic compound consisting of (R,R) and (S,S) enantiomers. Coupling reaction of dPhEDT-DTO undergone in neat P(OEt)3 yields TTF(SEt)4 instead of ET derivative. When PR3 (R=OEt, OPh, Ph) is used in benzene, toluene or xylene, however, dPhEDT-DTO is decomposed.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제8권5호
• /
• pp.388-395
• /
• 2016

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resistance to deformation under static overloading by measuring yield and fracture strength, and to analyze the failure characteristics of implant assemblies made of different titanium grades and connections. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Six groups of implant assemblies were fabricated according to ISO 14801 (n=10). These consisted of the combinations of 3 platform connections (external, internal, and morse tapered) and 2 materials (titanium grade 2 and titanium grade 4). Yield strength and fracture strength were evaluated with a computer-controlled Universal Testing Machine, and failed implant assemblies were classified and analyzed by optical microscopy. The data were analyzed using the One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test with the level of significance at P=.05. RESULTS. The group $IT4_S$ had the significantly highest values and group IT2 the lowest, for both yield strength and fracture strength. Groups $IT4_N$ and ET4 had similar yield and fracture strengths despite having different connection designs. Group MT2 and group IT2 had significant differences in yield and fracture strength although they were made by the same material as titanium grade 2. The implant system of the similar fixture-abutment interfaces and the same materials showed the similar characteristics of deformation. CONCLUSION. A longer internal connection and titanium grade 4 of the implant system is advantageous for static overloading condition. However, it is not only the connection design that affects the stability. The strength of the titanium grade as material is also important since it affects the implant stability. When using the implant system made of titanium grade 2, a larger diameter fixture should be selected in order to provide enough strength to withstand overloading.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제39권8호
• /
• pp.657-665
• /
• 1995

여러가지 비대칭 벤질 에테르들과 벤질 알킬 에테르들을 $CH_3CO_2Et$-NaOCI수용액(6.6 mol eq.)의 2상 용매계에서 4-methoxy-2, 2, 6, 6,-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl(0.03 mol eq., 4-methoxy-TEMPO)을 이용하여 산화시키면 벤조에이트로 산화가 일어난다. 4-methoxy-TEMPO는 2차 산화제인 NaOCI에 의하여 본반응의 산화제인 N-oxo-4-2, 2, 6, 6, -tetramethyl-piperidium 염(N-oxoammonium 염)으로 변환된다. N-oxoammonium 염은 에테르를 산화시키고 N-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2, 2, 6, 6,-tetramethylpiperidine(hydroxyamine)으로 환원된다. Hydroxy-amine은 NaOCI에 의하여 N-oxoammonium 염으로 순환 재생되므로 4-methoxy-TEMPO는 촉매량 사용하였다. 이 반응은 또한 조촉매인 KBr(0.03 mol eq.)가 필수적이고 반응 중 pH는 8.0 이하로 유지되어야 한다. 0 - 5$^{\circ}C$의 반응 온도로 2.5시간 반응시키면 대부분 벤조에이트로 산화 되었다. 벤질 알킬 에테르들의 선택성 산화는 수소의 산도와 알킬기의 입체효과에 영향을 받음이 고찰되었다.