• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2005

Many researches have argued the most important dimension of perception or evaluation of person is morality and competence in Korean culture. This study was to investigate the cultural characteristics of the criteria of personhood. Two studies were conducted to investigate the criteria used to evaluate person by qualitative approach and the differences of evaluation of wrongdoer who violates interpersonal norm or individual autonomy by experimental method. In addition, anger as emotional response to wrongdoer is conceptualized in terms of moral and self-conscious emotion. Expression of anger is less an outpouring of emotion and more a culturally regulated and normative mode of managing and putting into practice our society's system of rights and obligations - its moral code. According to results of qualitative data by interview and focus group interview, the most important criteria used to evaluate personhood was interpersonal concern, esp, expectation and norm. The results of experiment revealed that violation of interpersonal norm domain evoked angrier towards violator than autonomy domain. The subjects ascribed more blame and responsibility to interpersonal norm violator than autonomy keeper. Also function of behavior inhibition of anger was higher in interpersonal norm domain than autonomy domain.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.215-223
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to report the effects of Korean medicine treatment on the gait disorder. Patient with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disorder. We treated the patient using Korean medicine treatment including Motion-Style-Acupuncture-Treatment, pharmacopuncture, acupuncture, and herbal medicine during 30 days. Numerical rating scale (NRS), EuroQol five dimension (EQ-5D) index, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and the changes of symptoms were measured for assessment. After 30 days inpatient treatment, NRS decreased from 4 to 2, EQ-5D index, ODI, MBI, and the symptoms of the patient also were improved. In conclusion, this case shows Korean medicine treatment might be an effective treatment for gait disorder Patient with MOG-associated disorder.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.43-67
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• 2016

Although many studies have stressed the importance of technology in service innovation, the roles of technology in service innovation are at the center of debates in the service innovation literature. One major research stream regards technology as a trigger for other innovation based on resource advantage theory. Conversely, another major stream considers it as an enabler of other innovations based on complementary theory. The contradictory situation induces the necessity to better understand the role of technology in service innovation. Therefore, this study aims to identify the role of technology in service innovation. This study investigates the role of technology in service innovation based on a service innovation orientation framework. Four service innovation orientations (i.e., service creation, service delivery, customer interaction, and technology) are identified on the basis of Den Hertog's 4D model. This study proposes a research model that examines the indirect effect of technology orientation on innovation performance through the service creation and service delivery orientations, and the effect of technology orientation on firm performance as a moderator between customer interaction orientation and firm performance. Based on empirical data from 193 knowledge-intensive business service firms in Korea, we explain the role of technology in service innovation. The results indicate that technology orientation influences both service creation and service delivery orientations as an antecedent but customer interaction orientation as an enabler. The three service innovation orientations, which are directly and indirectly influenced by technology orientation, positively affect firm performance. The findings also show that the role of technology is different depending on the type of service innovation orientation in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.81-94
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a progressive balance training program with whole-body vibration stimulation on knee joint pain, dysfunction, psychosocial status, and balance ability in individuals aged ≥ 65 years with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: A total of 40 individuals aged ≥ 65 years with osteoarthritis of the knees participated in the study. Using a randomization program, participants were assigned to an experimental group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 20). Both groups were assigned a knee strength training program, and a progressive balance training program with whole-body vibration stimulation was assigned to the experimental group. All interventions were conducted three times a week for four weeks. Participants were evaluated for the following: pain (numeric rating scale, NRS), knee dysfunction (Korean version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, K-WOMAC), fall efficacy (Korean Version Falls Efficacy Scale, K-FES), quality of life (Euro Quality of life 5 Dimension, EQ-5D), and advanced balance scale score (Fullerton advanced balance scale, FAB) before and after the intervention, and the effects of the intervention were compared accordingly between groups. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant differences in the results of the NRS, K-WOMAC, K-FES, and EQ-5D assessments before and after the intervention, and there was a significant difference in the amount of change between the two groups (p < .05). There was a significant improvement in FAB in all but items FAB 8 and FAB 9 after the intervention in the experimental group. In the control group, there was a significant improvement in FAB 1, FAB 2, FAB 7, and FAB total after the intervention (p < .05). In addition, there was a significant difference in the amount of change between the two groups in all items except FAB 8 and FAB 9 (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The progressive balance training program with whole body vibration stimulation is an effective intervention method with clinical significance in improving knee joint pain, knee disability index, psychosocial level, and balance ability in adults aged ≥ 65 with osteoarthritis of the knees.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.311-322
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• 2024

Background and Objectives: Early diastolic mitral annular tissue (e') velocity is a commonly used marker of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic implications of e' velocity in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR). Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 1,536 consecutive patients aged <65 years with moderate or severe chronic primary MR diagnosed between 2009 and 2018. The primary and secondary outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. According to the current guidelines, the cut-off value of e' velocity was defined as 7 cm/s. Results: A total of 404 individuals were enrolled (median age, 51.0 years; 64.1% male; 47.8% severe MR). During a median 6.0-year follow-up, there were 40 all-cause mortality and 16 cardiovascular deaths. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between e' velocity and all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.770; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.634-0.935; p=0.008) and cardiovascular death (aHR, 0.690; 95% CI, 0.477-0.998; p=0.049). Abnormal e' velocity (≤7 cm/s) independently predicted all-cause death (aHR, 2.467; 95% CI, 1.170-5.200; p=0.018) and cardiovascular death (aHR, 5.021; 95% CI, 1.189-21.211; p=0.028), regardless of symptoms, LV dimension and ejection fraction. Subgroup analysis according to sex, MR severity, mitral valve replacement/repair, and symptoms, showed no significant interactions. Including e' velocity in the 10-year risk score improved reclassification for mortality (net reclassification improvement [NRI], 0.154; 95% CI, 0.308-0.910; p<0.001) and cardiovascular death (NRI, 1.018; 95% CI, 0.680-1.356; p<0.001). Conclusions: In patients aged <65 years with primary MR, e' velocity served as an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular deaths.

• Journal of the International Relations & Interdisciplinary Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-27
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• 2023

This study aims to analyze the current situation and problems and explore the development plan of the department of education as a general graduate school at P university. Previous studies dealt with the development plans were reviewed and comprehensive analyses conducted for the department of the general graduate school at P university. Public discussions and debates for the enrolled students in the course of Master and Doctor's degree were held during the semester to achieve the research purpose. The results reached in the study are as follows. First, it is necessary to re-establish the objectives and identities of the department as a general graduate school to share vision with the members. Then, it needs to be considered as the changes of Master and Doctor's course in the academic affairs organization and operation system for the multidisciplinary education problem-solving. Third, it is vital to plan substantial co-work, cooperative instruction and projects for the feasible research and practice. Finally, the open network among the graduate school members and human/physical environments are needed for the higher level of internationalization and effectiveness. The development plan would not be individually pursued but regarded as the organic relations embracing various and influential factors to the system and support of the department. In addition, it is required to make persistent efforts for the personal or communal dimension to develop the department of education as a general graduate school.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.414-420
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• 1996

Cephalometric measureements have disadvantage of representing cranio-facial structures in two dimension only and therefore they pose limitations in describing three-dimentional structures of cranio-facial region. More interests have been put on the correlation between the two planes. This study evaluated correlations between facial type score, which allows effects on malocclusion, growth change prediction and establishment of treatment method and prognosis, and measurements from submentovertex view. Cephalometric view and submentovertex view were taken of skeletal Class I adults with optimal profile and correlations between them have been observed. Following results were obtained: 1. To learn about factors that influence average condylar angulation, FACE, INT-CO-ANG, MN-CORPUS, CON-RATIO, GON-RATIO, MN-RATIO were used as variables and underwent multiple regression analysis. As a result, the following equation was obtained : CON-AVE=.l73(FACE)-.322(INT-CO-ANG)+36.34(GON-RATIO) +.420(MN-CORPUS) (($R^2=.85451$) 2. The following equation was obtained concerning facial type score. FACE= .050(CON-ANG)+.023(INT-CO-ANG)-.075(MN-CORPUS)($R^2=.31547$) 3. Among the submentovertex measurements, MN-CORPUS, CON-RATIO, GON-RATIO, MN-RATIO showed close correlations. (P<0.05) 4. Average condylar angualtions were $23.37^{\circ}$ on the right and $20.71^{\circ}$ on left. There was a difference between the two. FACE : facial type soore. CON-ANG: mean value of condylar angulation. CON-AVE: mean value of Rt. Lt condylar angulation. INT-CO-ANG : angle between Rt. Lt condylar axis. MN-CORPUS : angle formed between RT. Lt gonion & pogonion. CON-RATIO: lntercondylar distance/mandibular body length. GON-RATIO : intergonion distanoe/mandibular body length. MN-RATIO: lntermylohyoid distance/mandibular body length. MX-RATIO: intermaxillary tuberosity distance/ANS-PNS distance.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.6 s.77
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• pp.673-688
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• 1999

This study was conducted in order to analyze the mechanical characteristics of multiloop edgewise archwire (MEAW). The purposes were 1) to compare load deflection rate (LDR) of MEAW with that of various other arch wires in the individual interbracket span, 2) to compare the wire stiffness in the interbracket span with that in the multi-L-loop region (the span from distal border of the bracket of the lateral incisor to the mesial border of the buccal tube of the second molar), and 3) to verify the experimental results with theoretically derived formula. The single L-loops of five different horizontal lengths and multi-L-loops for the upper and lower arches were made out of .$016\times.022$ permachrome stainless steel wire. Straight segment of plain stainless steel, TMA and NiTi wire of the same dimension were prepared. The LDR was measured using Instron model 4466 with the load cell of 50N capacity at cross head speed of 1.0mm/min, and maximum deflection of 1.0mm. Five specimens were tested under each experimental condition. The wire stiffness number for each interbracket region and multi-L-loop region was calculated from the LDR and the interbracket spans. By dividing the theoretical model of multi-L-loop into 35 linear segments, the energy stored in each segment was obtained. Then the LDR and wire stiffness of single L-loop and multi-L-loop were calculated and compared. The findings were as follows : 1) The average LDR of MEAW in the individual interbracket region was 1/1.53 of that of the NiTi,1/2.47 of TMA and 1/5.16 of the plain stainless steel wire. 2) The wire stiffness of MEAW in the multi-L-loop region was 1.53 times larger than that in the interbracket region, and the LDR was almost twice as large as that of NiTi in that region. 3) According to the theoretically derived equation, the wire stiffness of the single L-loop was lower than that of multi-L-loop. The results of this study suggest that MEAW has the unique mechanical Property which could allow individual tooth movement and transmit elastic force effectively through the entire arch wire.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.811-827
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare machine learning algorithm and deep learning algorithm in crop classification using multi-temporal remote sensing data. For this, impacts of machine learning and deep learning algorithms on (a) hyper-parameter and (2) training sample size were compared and analyzed for Haenam-gun, Korea and Illinois State, USA. In the comparison experiment, support vector machine (SVM) was applied as machine learning algorithm and convolutional neural network (CNN) was applied as deep learning algorithm. In particular, 2D-CNN considering 2-dimensional spatial information and 3D-CNN with extended time dimension from 2D-CNN were applied as CNN. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the hyper-parameter values of CNN, considering various hyper-parameter, defined in the two study areas were similar compared with SVM. Based on this result, although it takes much time to optimize the model in CNN, it is considered that it is possible to apply transfer learning that can extend optimized CNN model to other regions. Then, in the experiment results with various training sample size, the impact of that on CNN was larger than SVM. In particular, this impact was exaggerated in Illinois State with heterogeneous spatial patterns. In addition, the lowest classification performance of 3D-CNN was presented in Illinois State, which is considered to be due to over-fitting as complexity of the model. That is, the classification performance was relatively degraded due to heterogeneous patterns and noise effect of input data, although the training accuracy of 3D-CNN model was high. This result simply that a proper classification algorithms should be selected considering spatial characteristics of study areas. Also, a large amount of training samples is necessary to guarantee higher classification performance in CNN, particularly in 3D-CNN.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.422-427
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• 1999

Background: Tachycardia induced heart failure model would be the model of choice for the dilated cardiomyopathy. This more closely resembles the clinical syndrome and does not require major surgical trauma, myocardial ischemia and pharmacological or toxic depression of cardiac function. When heart failure is progressive, application of new surgical procedures to the faling heart is highly risky. It has been shown that recovery trajectory from heart failure is a new method in decreasing animal mortality. The purpose is to establish the control datas for recovery trajectory in the canine heart failure model. Material and Method: 21 mongrel dogs were studied at 4 stages(baseline, at the heart failure, 4 and 8 weeks after recovery). Heart failure was induced during 4 weeks of continuous rapid pacing using a pacemaker. Eight weeks of trajectory of recovery period was allowed. Indices of left ventricular function and dimension were measured every 2 weeks and the hemodynamics were measured by use of Swan-Ganz catheterization and thermodilution method every 4 weeks. Values were expressed as mean${\pm}$standard deviation. Result: 4(20%) dogs died due to heart failure. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume at the 4 stages were 40.8${\pm}$7.4, 82.1${\pm}$21.1, 59.9${\pm}$7.7 and 46.5${\pm}$6.5ml. Left ventricular end-systolic volume showed the same trend. Ejection fractions were 50.6${\pm}$4.1, 17.5${\pm}$5.8, 36.3${\pm}$7.3, and 41.5${\pm}$2.4%. Blood pressure and heart rate showed no significant changes. Pressures of central vein, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary capillary wedge showed significant increase during the heart failure period, normalizing at the end of recovery period. Stroke volumes were 21.5${\pm}$8.2, 12.3${\pm}$3.5, 17.9${\pm}$4.6, and 15.5${\pm}$3.4ml. Blood norepinephrine level was 133.3${\pm}$60.0pg/dL at the baseline and 479.4${\pm}$327.3pg/dL at the heart failure stage(p=0.008). Conclusion: Development of tachycardia induced heart failure model is of high priority due to ready availability and reasonable amenability to measurements. Recovery trajectory after cessation of tachycardia showed reduction of cardiac dilatation and heart function. Application of new surgical procedures during the recovery period could decrease animal mortality.