• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.46-87
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• 1994

Our country has been consuming a huge amount of energy in the course of industrialization and its demand is expected to increase enormously in the future. However, the deposits of energy resources are so limited that the settlement of energy problem comes up the essential subject. To solve the energy problem, it is requested that new resources to gain energy stably should be developed and also energy should be economized and used effectively. The effective use of energy and an the wisdom of economy in energy are requested to everybody and these things should be habitualized from very young age through education. Nevertheless, almost every school in our country hasn’t been concerned about energy education. Even though they have a concern, they are very short of the energy education materials and the quality of the materials is not so good. Therefore it is very meaningful to the settlement of energy problem of the country to make the students who will lead our country to make the students who will lead our country in the future realize the seriousness of energy problem and to provide them the necessary knowledge and methods to solve this problem so that they practice those things in everyday life. Having these necessities, this research, supported by The Korea Energy Management Corporation(KEMCO), was performed for 8 months from April 17, 1994 to December 17, 1994. Many peoples participated in this study such as 30 staffs of researchers and authors, 5 staffs of photographers and illustrators, and 3 VCR program producers developing an energy education material set for middle school students that includes a printed material for student, a diskette for computer simulation, a teacher's guidebook, VCR material and its guidebook. The following main development direction was established : First, the material for student should be consisted of units that let students know the seriousness of energy problem. Second, the focus should be put on the necessary method and practice to economize energy actually in real life based on the basic knowledge learned in elementary school. Third, material for student should be consisted of modules to be student activity-oriented teaching-learning rather than lecture-oriented one. The activity, to maximize student's interests, should be presented in various forms such as experiments, investigation, play, data interpretation, computer simulation, visits, expression and appreciation, etc. To develop the energy education materials for middle school students, a research plan was made first. After literature review about domestic and foreign energy education materials, several research trips home and abroad, and discussion meetings, the basic theory of energy education such as the principle, objective, contents, teaching-learning method, and evaluation method was established. Material for student was developed through the following procedures : The activities in the existing energy education materials were analysed and were divided into four categories related to energy using places of home, school, community, and country, and which were again divided into three categories related to time of past, present, and future, Considering these division, nine modules which are structure units of material for student were chosen, Each module comprises 2-4 activities. Totally 31 activities were designed in this way. The syllabi were made out for each activity and writing was asked for to experts related to each activity after several discussions and revision. To complement the draft, another several discussions and revision were also made on it and then pictures and illustrations were asked for. All these procedures complete the material for student, titled ; Energy Inquiry of Middle School Students', which totals 129 pages and is all in color. As the manuscript of material for student was fixed, writing for teacher's guidebook was asked for to the same writers. The draft of teacher's guidebook was also complemented through the several concentrated works and discussions. Teacher's guidebook focused on the teaching-learning principle and methods of energy education and on the concrete instruction cases for effective instruction of material for student. It is organized with two parts : the one is 'general outline' which introduces theoretical contents and the other is 'details' which are practically helpful to teaching-learning. It is totally 131 pages including both 'general outline' and 'details'. The VCR material and its guidebook consist of contents that cultivate the good attitude trying to economize energy and raise student's interests with a purpose of strong motivation to recognize the necessity of economy and practice it. After establishing development direction of VCR material through discussion meetings and research trips, its script was made by relevant experts. Then the script was also reviewed two times. The drafted VCR material made by a video material developing expert was examined and modified by previews twice. After completion of VCR material, the VCR guidebook was made. All these procedures led to the development of VCR material which runs 20 minutes in VHS type. The VCR guidebook shows a production purpose of the program, structure of contents, evaluation methods, and contents of the program in detail to give help to instructors when they use this VCR material, When these energy education materials are used, it is desirable that the VCR material should be presented first to induce student's motive, and then material for student is introduced Since the material for student is composed of activity-oriented modules and each module is independent one another in general, and each activity is, too. the necessary module or activity can be chosen and utilized in any order according to school or class conditions. This energy education materials will contribute to the development of student's ability to solve energy problem in everyday life and teacher's ability to teach the fundamental knowledge and method in solving energy problem.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 제주산 청과즙과 제주 재래귤인 당유자 과즙 내의 기능성 성분을 대량 추출하여 새로운 타입의 고기능성 감귤 음료를 개발코자 기능성 연구를 실시하였다. 관능 검사를 통해 청과 착즙액 30%에 KILO Prep을 이용하여 얻은 당유자 유래 플라보노이드 농축액 15%를 포함하는 Citrus-F 음료를 제조하였다. 새롭게 제조된 Citrus-F를 경구 투여하여 쥐 체중의 변화를 관찰한 결과 HF diet(고지방사료)와 Citrus-F를 병행하여 급이한 군의 경우 급이 7주차부터 HF diet만 단독으로 급이한 군에 비하여 뚜렷하게 체중이 감소되어 그 효과는 실험이 끝나는 9주째까지 지속되었다. 또한 Citrus-F가 혈중지질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 경구 투여한 쥐를 대상으로 한 혈청검사에서 혈중 지방 함량은 Citrus-F 처리군에서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 급이 시점을 초기부터 시작한 경우에는 triglycerid의 수치는 감소하였지만 total cholesterol과 HDL-cholesterol의 수치에는 별다른 영행을 미치지 못했다. 그러나 5주 후부터 0.1% Citrus-F를 급이한 처리군에서 triglyceride, total cholesterol과 HDL-cholesterol의 수치가 모두 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과 당유자 유래 플라보노이드 농축액을 15% 포함하는 고기능성 Citrus-F 음료는 비만 및 각종 혈중 지질 관련 질병의 예방에 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.286-295
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• 2012

2007년 미국으로부터 한국으로 재도입된 한국 원산 재래종 콩 293점에 대한 종실 saponin의 함량의 변이를 평가한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Group A saponin의 함량은 평균 484.9 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$으로 149.8~1279.0 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$의 범위이었고, group B saponin의 함량은 평균 3670.0 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$으로 2160.1~7868.6 ${\mu}\;g^{-1}$의 범위이었으며, 총 saponin 함량은 평균 4154.9 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$으로 2502.8~8764.0${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$의 범위이었다. 2. Gruop B saponin 함량과 총 saponin 함량이 높은 5점은 IT226841, IT226761, IT226844, IT226826 및 IT22 8534이었고, 이중에서 IT226841이 group B saponin 함량이 7868.5 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$, 총 saponin 함량이 8764.0 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1]$로서 가장 높았다. 3. Group A saponin 함량과 총 saponin 함량 간에(r=0.5119), 그리고 group A와 group B saponin 함량 간에(r=0.3708)는 정의 상관관계, group B와 총 saponin함량 간에(r=0.9876)는 높은 정의 상관관계이었다. 4. 수집지역에 따른 총 saponin 함량은 북한이 가장 높았고, 다음으로 경기도가 높았으며, 그 다음으로 충청북도, 강원도, 경상북도, 충청남도의 순으로 높았으며, 경상남도, 전라북도 및 전라남도가 낮은 경향이었다. 5. 종실크기에 따른 총 saponin 함량은 소립종이 중립종과 대립종보다 높았고, 중립종과 대립종 간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 황색, 검정색, 녹색 및 갈색의 종피색에 따른 총 saponin 함량은 유의적인 차이가 없었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2008

본 연구는 면역력이 약한 영유아 및 면역결핍환자를 위한 아이스크림을 개발하기 위하여 시판중인 바닐라 아이스크림의 품질을 여러 선량의 감마선 조사 후에 평가하였다. 감마선 조사에 의해 바닐라 아이스크림의 일반성분(수분, 지방 및 단백질) 및 지방산의 함량변화는 유의적으로 차이가 없었다. 또한 감마선 조사에 의해 바닐라 아이스크림의 명도, 적색도 및 황색도는 약간 감소하였고, TBARS를 이용한 지질산패도를 측정한 결과 5 kGy 이상의 조사선량에서 산패도가 증가하였다. 감마선 조사에 의한 바닐라 아이스크림의 관능검사 결과 색 변화는 유의적으로 차이가 없었으나 향, 맛, 전체적인 기호도가 조사선량에 따라 감소하였으며, 특히 5 kGy 이상에서는 심각한 차이를 보였다. 따라서 바닐라 아이스크림의 품질변화를 최소화 하기 위한 최적조사선량은 3 kGy 이하인 것으로 판단되며 감마선 조사기술과 특정 향 및 항산화제 첨가 등의 병용처리를 통한 품질 개선 실험이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2012

본 연구는 식물성 유지를 첨가한 저급우육 등심의 초고압 처리가 저급우육의 물리화학적, 미생물학적 품질에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 실시되었다. 저등급 우육 중량의 10%(w/w) 식물성유지인 올리브유와 포도씨유를 첨가 하여 진공포장 후 600 MPa의 초고압에서 처리하였으며 0.1 MPa 처리군과 표면 육색, 조직감, 지방산, 관능평가, 일반 미생물 및 병원성 미생물학적 품질차이검사를 실시하였다. 표면 육색은 600 MPa 처리군이 0.1 MPa 처리군에 비해 $L^*$ 값과 $b^*$ 값이 유의적으로 높았으며 $a^*$ 값은 유의적으로 낮았으며(p<0.05), 저장 10일 후에도 유사한 경향을 보였다. 초고압 처리된 우육의 조직감은 초고압 무처리구(0.1 MPa)와 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 지방산 조성 분석 결과 600 MPa 처리군중 올리브유 첨가구와 포도씨유 첨가구에서 각각 oleic acid와 linoleic acid가 유의적으로 높게 분석되었다(p<0.05). 일반 미생물학적 품질 평가 결과 저장 초기 600 MPa 처리군에서 검출되지 않았으나 0.1 MPa 처리군에서 3 Log CFU/g 수준으로 검출되었으며 저장 10일 후 0.1 MPa에서 6 Log CFU/g 수준까지 증가 한 반면 600 MPa 처리군 중 포도씨유 첨가구만 2 Log CFU/g 정도의 증가만 보였다. 병원성 미생물 접종시험 결과 600 MPa 처리시 E. coli와 L. monocytogenes 모두 저장 초기(저장 0일 차) 및 저장 10일 후 검출되지 않은 반면 0.1 MPa 처리군은 저장 초기에 초기 접종 농도인 7 Log CFU/g 수준으로 측정되었으며 저장 10일 후 역시 7 Log CFU/g 수준을 유지 하였다. 관능평가에서 종합적 기호도와 구매의사 항목에선 모든 시험구에서 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 못하였다(p>0.05). 연구결과 저급우육에 식물성 유지를 첨가하여 초고압 기술을 적용할 경우 병원성 미생물에 대한 안전성 확보와 식물성 유지 첨가에 의한 지방산 조성의 변화를 가져올 수 있다고 판단된다. 또한 올리브유 첨가를 통해 초고압 시 발생되는 지방산패를 억제할 수 있는 가능성을 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.1481-1486
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• 2010

우렁쉥이의 경우 그동안 대량으로 양식되어져 생산되어 왔던 한편, 붉은멍게는 자연산 어획에만 의존해오다가 최근 종묘생산에 성공하여 앞으로 보급이 활발해질 것으로 기대되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 우렁쉥이와 붉은멍게의 몇 가지 품질특성과 항산화 활성 및 관능적 특성을 비교하였다. 시료의 pH는 우렁쉥이가 6.08, 붉은멍게가 6.20으로 붉은멍게의 pH가 다소 높게 나타났으며, 휘발성 염기질소는 우렁쉥이가 22.41 mg%, 붉은멍게가 16.80 mg%이었다. 두 시료의 색도 측정결과 L값(명도)은 우렁쉥이가 다소 높았고, a값(적색도)은 붉은멍게가 훨씬 높았으며, b값(황색도)은 우렁쉥이가 약간 높게 나타났다. 관능적 특성의 평가결과는 색, 냄새, 맛, 기호도 등 대부분의 항목에서 붉은멍게가 더 높은 점수로 관능적 특성이 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 구성 아미노산 조성의 측정 결과 총 함량은 우렁쉥이가 $36368.23\;{\mu}mol/g$, 붉은멍게가 $36500.12\;{\mu}mol/g$이었고, Asp, Glu, Gly 등의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 우렁쉥이와 붉은멍게의 항산화 활성 측정 결과, DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 경우 50 mg/mL의 농도에서 우렁쉥이가 42.9%, 붉은멍게가 3.2%로 우렁쉥이가 훨씬 높은 활성을 나타냈으며, ABTS 라디칼 소거능 역시 같은 농도에서 우렁쉥이가 56.1%, 붉은멍게가 30.1%로 우렁쉥이의 활성이 더 높게 나타났고, 환원력 역시 농도에 따라 우렁쉥이가 더 높은 값을 나타내었다. 총 페놀함량의 측정결과 10 mg/mL의 농도에서 우렁쉥이는 300.21 ppm, 붉은멍게는 176.04 ppm의 값으로 우렁쉥이가 더 높은 페놀함량을 나타내 페놀함량과 항산화활성과의 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 붉은멍게는 우렁쉥이에 비하여 관능적 특성이 우수하나 항산화활성이 미약한 바, 대량생산과 대중적 보급을 위한 추가적 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.