• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.59-69
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• 2022

For effective battlefield situation awareness and command resolution, information exchange without seams between systems is essential. However, since each system was developed independently for its own purposes, it is necessary to ensure interoperability between systems in order to effectively exchange information. In the case of our military, semantic interoperability is guaranteed by utilizing the common message format for data exchange. However, simply standardizing the data exchange format cannot sufficiently guarantee interoperability between systems. Currently, the U.S. and NATO are developing and utilizing information exchange models to achieve semantic interoperability further than guaranteeing a data exchange format. The information exchange models are the common vocabulary or reference model,which are used to ensure the exchange of information between systems at the content-meaning level. The information exchange models developed and utilized in the United States initially focused on exchanging information directly related to the battlefield situation, but it has developed into the universal form that can be used by whole government departments and related organizations. On the other hand, NATO focused on strictly expressing the concepts necessary to carry out joint military operations among the countries, and the scope of the models was also limited to the concepts related to command and control. In this paper, the background, purpose, and characteristics of the information exchange models developed and used in the United States and NATO were identified, and comparative analysis was performed. Through this, we intend to present implications when developing a Korean information exchange model in the future.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.869-878
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• 2021

This study is a study on 11-story apartments that increase the event of fires in old apartments where building-related laws and regulations are not retroactively applied. As a result of analyzing the risk of installing fire doors in Improvement Scenario 2-4, assuming that fire doors are installed as basic scenario 1 in the existing situation where fire doors are not installed at the entrance of direct stairs. In basic scenario 1, the visible distance to the entrance of the direct staircase due to the spread of smoke was 260 seconds. Improvement scenarios 3 to 4 with fire doors installed open 300 seconds after the fire was recognized, and when the fire doors were installed at the entrance of the direct stairs, the visibility to the entrance of the statistics team was less than 600 seconds. In this case, the visibility was 600 seconds at the time of installation of the fire door, and scenarios 3 to 4 increased 56.6% compared to scenario 1, lowering the risk of evacuation by more than 50%. In order to eliminate the risk of non-installation of direct statistical groups that increase the risk of smoke spread, building-related laws such as the Fire Fighting Act shall be retroactively applied when installing a direct stairway entrance or balcony folding evacuation system. The improvement caused by the installation of fire doors has numerically proven the necessity of fire doors during evacuation, and the importance of maintaining fire doors can be grasped.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.67-96
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• 2022

"Aid in Dying" means that when a decision-making patient suffers from an incurable disease, a drug that can speed up death is prescribed by a doctor and used to lead to death. Since the suspension of life-sustaining treatment was institutionalized based on human dignity and patient autonomy, the question of whether assisted death can be legally justified in relation to the right to receive medical help to shorten one's life to die with dignity has recently been actively discussed. In Korea, since the suspension of life-sustaining treatment was institutionalized by the enactment of the Life-sustaining Treatment Decision Act in 2016, an amendment to the Life-sustaining Treatment Act was recently proposed to legalize Aid in Dying. The global trend is that human "Right to Die" is discussed in the division of life and death, from the suspension of life-sustaining treatment to assisted death, and again in the order of euthanasia. In this paper, we started discussing dignified death and institutionalized patients' right to self-determination, looked at the controversy in the United States, which legislated assisted death in many states since the 2000s, and analyzed the main contents of California's End of Life Option Act and the data after enforcement. The strict requirements for Aid in Dying, such as voluntary confirmation of patients' intentions and doctors' obligation to provide information, and the results of California's Aid in dying system, composed of relatively diverse races, were reviewed.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2022

Recently, various intelligent application services using artificial intelligence are being actively developed. In particular, research on artificial intelligence-based real-time prediction services is being actively conducted in the manufacturing industry, and the demand for artificial intelligence services that can detect and predict fire and odors is very high. However, most of the existing detection and prediction systems do not predict the occurrence of fires and odors, but rather provide detection services after occurrence. This is because AI-based prediction service technology is not applied in existing systems. In addition, fire prediction, odor detection and odor level prediction services are services with ultra-low delay characteristics. Therefore, in order to provide ultra-low-latency prediction service, edge computing technology is combined with artificial intelligence models, so that faster inference results can be applied to the field faster than the cloud is being developed. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an LSTM algorithm-based learning model that can be used for fire prediction and odor detection/prediction, which are most required in the manufacturing industry. In addition, the proposed learning model is designed to be implemented in edge devices, and it is proposed to receive real-time sensor data from the IoT terminal and apply this data to the inference model to predict fire and odor conditions in real time. The proposed model evaluated the prediction accuracy of the learning model through three performance indicators, and the evaluation result showed an average performance of over 90%.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.907-915
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• 2021

In this study, in order to investigate the relationships between the self-efficacy, career maturity, and information subject achievement of information-specialized high school students according to information subject classes, their correlations were analyzed through a survey of 214 second and third year students enrolled in two information-specialized high schools in Seoul. The main results are as follows. First, in the analysis of differences in self-efficacy, career maturity, and information subject achievement according to demographic characteristics, there was no significant difference according to gender, grade, extracurricular or individual learning for information subjects. The more they recognized that their grades belonged to the upper group, the higher their sense of self-efficacy and information subject achievement were perceived, and the higher their career maturity. Second, the students' self-efficacy was analyzed to have a positive effect on their career maturity and information subject achievement. Finally, it was found that the students' career maturity had a positive effect on their information subject achievement. Based on the above results, we briefly present the development direction for the education system to improve students' self-efficacy, career maturity, and information subject achievement.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 2009

In the computing environment with heterogeneous resources, a job scheduling model is necessary for effective resource utilization and high-speed data processing. And, the job scheduling model has to cope with a dynamic change in the condition of resources. There have been lots of researches on resource estimation methods and heuristic algorithms about how to distribute and allocate jobs to heterogeneous resources. But, existing researches have a weakness for system compatibility and scalability because they do not support the standard language. Also, they are impossible to process jobs effectively and deal with a variety of computing situations in which the condition of resources is dynamically changed in real-time. In order to solve the problems of existing researches, this paper proposes a semantic computing-based dynamic job scheduling model that defines various knowledge-based rules for job scheduling methods adaptable to changes in resource condition and allocate a job to the best suited resource through inference. This paper also constructs a resource ontology to manage information about heterogeneous resources without difficulty as using the OWL, the standard ontology language established by W3C. Experimental results shows that the proposed scheduling model outperforms existing scheduling models, in terms of throughput, job loss, and turn around time.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to extract and analyze ecological citizenship elements in the middle school home economics textbook used in the 2015 national curriculum for the introduction of ecological transformation education in the 2022 national curriculum. As a result of the analysis, the content analysis of the ecological citizenship factor was validated by six experts who are incumbent middle school home economics teachers, and the S-CVI value was 0.97, ensuring the validity of the ecological citizenship factor analysis. The results of analyzing 242 ecological citizenship factors extracted from home economics textbooks are as follows. According to the content area of the 2015 national home economics curriculum, the 'human development and family' area had the highest presence of ecological citizenship factors followed by the 'resource management and self-reliance' area and the 'home life and safety' area. Among the categories of ecological citizenship factors, 'value⋅attitude' was the most frequent, followed by 'process⋅function' and 'knowledge⋅understanding'. For each textbook composition system, ecological citizenship elements were extracted in the order of pictures, text, activities, and supplementary materials. There was a significant variation in the number of ecological citizenship factors among publishers, indicating the importance of the textbook writers' perception, interpretation, and direction of writing. Based on these analysis results, ecological citizenship teaching and learning activities applicable to home economics education were presented. This study highlights the potential for practicing ecological citizenship education in line with the new orientation of the curriculum on ecological transformation education through home economics education. Furthermore, it provides valuable baseline data for the development and implementation of textbooks for the 2022 national curriculum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2003

As a basic measurement tool in the areas of animal models of human disease, gene expression and therapy, and drug discovery and development, small animal PET imaging is being used increasingly. An ideal small animal PET should have high sensitivity and high and uniform resolution across the field of view to achieve high image quality. However, the combination of long narrow pixellated crystal array and small ring diameter of small animal PET leads to the degradation of spatial resolution for the source located at off center. This degradation of resolution can be improved by determining the depth of interaction (DOI) in the crystal and by taking into account the information in sorting the coincident events. Among a number of 001 identification schemes, dual layer phsowich detector has been widely investigated by many research groups due to its practicability and effectiveness on extracting DOI information. However, the effects of each crystal length composing dual layer phoswich detector on DOI measurements and image qualities were not fully characterized. In order to minimize the DOI effect, the length of each layer of phoswich detector should be optimized. The aim of this study was to perform simulations using a simulation tool, GATE to design the optimum lengths of crystals composing a dual layer phoswich detector. The simulated small PET system employed LSO front layer LuYAP back layer phoswich detector modules and the module consisted of 8${\times}$8 arrays of dual layer crystals with 2 mm ${\times}$ 2 mm sensitive area coupled to a Hamamatsu R7600 00 M64 PSPMT. Sensitivities and variation of radial resolutions were simulated by varying the length of LSO front layer from 0 to 10 mm while the total length (LSO + LuYAP) was fixed to 20 mm for 10 cm diameter ring scanner. The radial resolution uniformity was markedly improved by using DOI information. There existed the optimal lengths of crystal layers to minimize the variation of radial resolutions. In 10 cm ring scanner configuration, the radial resolution was kept below 3.4 mm over 8 cm FOV while the sensitivity was higher than 7.4% for LSO 5 mm : LuYAP 15 mm phoswich detector. In this study, the optimal length of dual layer phoswich detector was derived to achieve high and uniform radial resolution.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2023

The office environment is changing according to work types, Information Technology (IT) advancements, and the Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 situation. In order for office space users to perform their tasks comfortably and efficiently, it is necessary to secure individual privacy as well as easy communication among members. In Korea, the demand for improving the acoustic performance of office spaces is also increasing, but the related performance criteria and guidelines have not been established. In this study, standardization of office space acoustic performance measurement and evaluation methods and European countries' acoustic performance criteria were compared and reviewed. It is proposed to comprehensively review international standardization trends and acoustic performance standards in each country and to establish and utilize criteria for evaluating the acoustic performance and satisfaction of office spaces in Korea through our survey. Considering the international standardization direction and compatibility with communication and Public Address (PA) systems, it is appropriate to establish criteria using the speech transmission index or Speech Transmission Index (STI) application index. This criterion will be highly utilizable and compatible. In addition, since the office furniture industry is interested in improving the acoustic performance of office space, it is necessary to establish a labelling system for speech level reduction of office furniture.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.5-17
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• 2006

In order to investigate the stabilizing effect of nails against sliding, a series of model tests were carried out. The apparatus of model test was designed to perform the model test of soil slope reinforced by nails. The instrumentation system was used to measure the deflection behavior of nails during slope failure. As a result of model tests, the quantity and the occurred position of the maximum bending stress are changed according to the area ratio and the inclination angles of nails. The maximum stabilizing effect against sliding of nails is presented at 0.7$\%$ of the area ratio because the biggest maximum bending stress occurs at this time. But, the stabilizing effect of nails decreases with more than 0.7$\%$ of the area ratio. In the same condition of the area ratio, the stabilizing effect of nails is excellent at -10$^{circ}$ of the inclination angles of nails. The sliding surface can be predicted on the basis of the position of the maximum bending stress in each nails. The shape and depth of sliding surface are changed according to the area ratio and the inclination angles of nails.