• 감성과학
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2011

3D스캔-인체 및 의복 모델링-시뮬레이션-패턴 제작 및 검증의 전체 3D 의복제작 프로세스를 원활히 활용할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 3D 그래픽과 CAD 시스템 그리고 3D-2D 직접 패턴 전개 시스템을 이용해야 하는 데 이 때 장애가 되는 것은 3D 시뮬레이션한 가상의복으로부터 정확한 패턴을 추출하는 것이 어렵고, 전반적 과정의 호환이 쉽지 않다는 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 인체에 정확히 밀착된 부분과 드레이프가 있는 비대칭형 드레스를 대상으로 전체 프로세스를 원활하게 구동할 수 있는 방법을 모색하였다. 연구 방법으로는 3D 스캔 데이터를 이용하여 Maya로 범용성 3D 인체 모델을 만들고 이 3D 바디 모델에 맞는 3D 드레스를 디자인하고 모델링한 후, Rapidform, 2C-AN 프로그램과 YukaCAD를 이용하여 정확한 2D 패턴을 제작하는 과정의 호환성을 해결하며 진행하였다. 이 과정에서 도출한 패턴을 실제 의상으로 제작하여 착의 시킨 후 3D 의복 모델과의 여유분 분포를 3차원 측정 기술로 검증하였고 실물 드레스의 드레이프의 모양과 시뮬레이트된 드레스의 모양을 검토하였다. 그 결과 제시한 방법을 활용하면 전반적으로 만족스럽게 정량적인 3D 의복 제작 프로세스를 운영할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.975-988
• /
• 2012

Although the pattern development for tight-fitting clothing has been carried out using 3D data on humans, the pattern development using 3D scan data obtained for various postures still remains an interesting subject. In this study, we have developed the 2D pattern using the 3D human body reflecting standing and cycling postures. The 3D scan data of a subject was obtained using Cyberware. 2C-AN program(Triangle simplification and the Runge-Kutta method) was used in the system to reduce the 3D scan data points and to make segmented triangular patches in a plane from 3D data. As results, surface distance and area of each body part of standing and cycling postures were also provided for the future application of the functional clothing construction. The area of center piece on the front (c.front) decreased by $106.45cm^2$(-13.08%) and that of lateral piece(s.back) on the back increased by $144.96cm^2$(18.69%) in the patterns of cycling posture. The girth of neck and waist for the cycling posture increased by 0.88cm (3.92%) and 1.56cm(4.40%) respectively, and the that of thigh decreased by 1.01cm(-2.24%). The differences between the area in the 2D pattern obtained from the 3D scan data and that in the 3D scan surface data for standing and cycling postures were very small($-10.34cm^2$(-0.32%) and $-44.33cm^2$(-1.32%)).

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.266-275
• /
• 2009

Variations of individual hip shapes are a major obstacle in pattern making for fitness. The drafting method is used for pattern making in today's apparel industry. Whilst catering to a limited number of information such as waist and hip sizes, this method does not cater to variations in hip shape. This paper describes the analysis of hip shapes using 3D body model and tries to make sure the relationship between hip shape and pattern by calculating hip angle and dart amount. We achieved results in analyzing various hip shapes by extracting hip angle. Moreover, various hip shapes can be divided into three types(A, B and C) by the hip angle value($K_{sh}-K_{wsh}$). When we use computerized draping method to make a personalized pattern for a tigth skirt, we easily create complex dart lines automatically. Therefore we achieve the result of individual dart amount such as distance between dart lines and dart areas. C type of hip shape had short dart length, long distance between dart lines and a large amount of dart area. On the other hand, A type had long dart length, short distance between dart lines and small amount of dart area. B type had long length and long distance between dart lines and large amount of dart area. In traditional pattern making, distance between dart lines is usually proportional to amount of dart area because of similarity in dart line shape. In our pattern, there is no proportional relationship between dart line distance and dart area. This means that variations in hip shapes result in a wide variety of dart line curvature resulting in a wide range of dart area. By ensuring an accurate relationship between hip shape and pattern, it is possible to make patterns which result in clothing that not only fits well, but also exhibits other desirable properties.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.255-266
• /
• 2015

In this study, we have developed the ergonomic pattern from the 3D human body reflecting cycling posture and extensibility of the stretch fabrics. Adjusting pressure level in the construction of athlete's tight-fitting stretch garments by reducing the original pattern is a challenging subject, which influence on the performance of the wearer directly. Therefore, in this study, relationships between the reduction rates of the 2D pattern obtained from the 3D human scan and resultant clothing pressure were explored to improve the fit and pressure exerted by reduced clothing pattern. Subjective wear sensations of the experimental garments were rated using a seven-point Likert scale on two consecutive days. While wearing the garments, subjects were asked to take five different postures including waist flexion, sitting and others. A Likert-type scale was used for the evaluation, with 7 points indicating the best fit in tight-fitting pants. Comparing 2/3T-pattern with T-pattern, the latter was superior to 2/3T-pattern in terms of adhere well to the waist and hip area in the 0.032 significance level. T-pattern was superior to 2/3T-pattern in terms of fitting and wear comfort. As results, the pattern obtained from the flexed body reflecting cycling posture already included the contraction and extension of the skin while cycling posture, so that the extra ease for movement and good fit was not need to be considered. The optimized reduction rates were determined with the proposed reduction rate, the resultant pressure range was within the range of $0.5{\sim}3.0gf/cm^2$ at eight locations on the body except front waist band and thigh band.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.97-113
• /
• 2016

This study develops pant patterns using body shape, measurement and shell mesh data to decide optimal women's pants according to styles with excellent size, fit and shape for different individuals and silhouettes. Standard landmarks, lines, triangles and structures were set on a 3D scanned lower body shell to represent women in their twenties and flattened as a 2D pattern. Patterns were created and analyzed according to culotte, formal, slacks and tight type considering crotch shape, location of the crotch point, and adjusting waist darts. Flattened patterns were rotated to compare existing methods. The crease lines were then set through the hip protrusion point and compared. The main factor of the pant pattern were extracted, total rise, crotch depth, crotch width, angle of center line, shape of the center line curve, the thigh width, the amount of waist dart, and crease line position. With going tight style from the culotte, the fits are closer to the figure with minimized thigh circumference, the dart amount decreases, the crotch depth increases, the crotch extensions were shorter, and the angle of the center back increased. The total rise is U shape for culotte and is closer to V shape as the silhouette tightens. T-test of appearance evaluation of the developed pant pattern were conducted after analyzing measurements and shapes of each styles. The results of the developed patterns were superior to existing patterns in accordance to hip line between body and pants as well as appearance evaluation. We found systematic mechanisms among pattern factors that create various pant silhouettes. Evidence on classification of the silhouettes of traditional types of pants were explained objectively through the process of playing out 3D forms.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.266-275
• /
• 2004

In this paper, a method for generating the planar developments of three-dimensional shoe upper surfaces is proposed. This method is based on the optimization technique minimizing the geometric error occurred on the developed planar surface. Additionally, a rapid mapping algorithm to transform a curve on flattened plane to original surface (or vice versa) is proposed. These techniques are implemented on the 2D/3D integrated shoe design system. Using this system, a prototype running shoe can be designed more precisely and can be manufactured more quickly.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 시각 동기 위상 측정 정보를 이용하여 전력계통에 나타나는 여러 가지 동요 현상을 검출하기 위한 기초 연구로써, 시계열 데이터 분석 분야로 분류된다. 제시한 방법은 비선형 동특성에 해석 기반으로 접근하여 전력계통에 나타날 수 있는 여러 동요 현상을 범용적으로 검출해 낼 수 있다. 비선형 동요 현상의 신호적 패턴을 수학적으로 기본 순시치 파형으로부터 피크치 샘플링을 통해 전개하여 계통 요소간 간섭으로 인한 원하지 않는 진동 모드를 검출하고자 한다. 계통의 변화로 진동 모드가 나타날 때, 2차원 평면에 실효치로 환산한 시계열 전압 데이터와 선형화된 플로퀘트 상수(Floquet multiplier)를 맵핑하여 도시하고, 정상상태 지점으로부터 거리를 계산하여 최대 리아프노프 지수 계산을 통해 계통이 불안정하게 되는 시간을 시계열 데이터 분석으로 추정하는 것이 본 방법의 핵심이다. 이러한 접근으로 제시한 비선형 동요 검출 알고리즘을 적용하여 디지털 필터 적용 또는 주파수 영역 해석과 같은 오프라인 Study와 달리 온라인으로 신속하게 계통의 현재 상태를 알 수 있게 된다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제32권9호
• /
• pp.1478-1486
• /
• 2008

The human body composed of concave and convex curvatures, and the current 3D scanning technology which involves inherent measurement errors make it difficult to extract distinct curvature plot directly. In this study, a method of extracting the clear curvature plot and its application to the cycling pants design were proposed. We have developed the ergonomic pattern from the 3D human body reflecting cycling posture. For the ergonomic design line on the 3D human body, the 3D information on the lower part of four male bodies with flexed posture was analyzed. The 3D scan data of four subjects were obtained using Cyberware. As results, the iteration of the tessellated shell was executed 100 times to obtain optimized curvature plots of the muscles on the body surface, and the boundaries of the curvature plots were applied to the design lines. Maximum(Max-pattern) and mean curvature plots(Mean-pattern) were adopted in the design line of the cycling pants, and performance of those lines was compared with that of conventional princess line(Con-pattern). The average error of total area and length in the 2D pattern developed from the 3D flexed body surface in this study were very minimal($4.58cm^2$(0.19%) and 0.15mm(0.46%)), which was within the range of tolerable limits in clothing production. The pattern obtained from the flexed body reflecting cycling posture already included the contraction and extension of the cycling skin, so that the extra ease for movement and good fit was not need to be considered.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.919-929
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 지질구조에 대한 모델링기반 학습 프로그램을 개발하고 모델링기반 학습에서 나타나는 논증패턴과 학생들의 정신모형 수준과의 관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 고등학교 2학년 126명을 대상으로 대륙이동설, 해령, 변환단층, 단층의 특징에 대하여 4회의 모델링기반 학습을 실시하였다. 연구대상 중에서 2개 학급은 실험집단으로 모델링기반 학습을 실시하였고 나머지 2개 학급은 비교집단으로 교사중심 설명식 수업을 실시하였다. 모델링기반 학습 후 실험집단과 비교집단의 사후 성취도와 학생들의 정신모형 분포를 정량적으로 비교하였다. 실험집단 중 5개 조의 논증활동을 녹음 전사한 자료에 대하여 본 연구에서 설정한 분석틀을 근거로 정성적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석틀은 TAP의 5가지 요소와 학생들의 대안개념이 포함되는 요소 5가지 등 총 10가지의 코딩 요소로 구성하였다. 정신모형 유형을 조사한 결과, 실험집단에서 단면 인과모형과 입체형 모형의 비율이 높게 나타난 반면, 비교집단에서는 2차원 모형과 단면 단순모형의 비중이 높게 나타났다. 논증유형을 분석한 결과, 주장의 빈도가 높을수록 논증활동이 성공적으로 이루어졌고 정신모형의 수준이 높게 나타났다. 반박이 제기된 경우, 만든 모형을 다시 관찰하여 자료를 수정하고, 이에 따라 주장을 다시 전개하였다. 이로써 모델링기반 학습에서 모형이 학생들의 논증 과정에 긍정적으로 작용함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제28권12호
• /
• pp.65-76
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 수리구조물이 설치된 2층으로 이루어진 포화 기초지반에서의 구속흐름(confined flow)에 대하여 확률론적 침투해석을 수행하였다. 투수계수는 지반의 층상구조에 따라 명확한 변동성을 보일 뿐 아니라 각각의 층 내에서도 공간적인 변동성을 보인다. 따라서 기존의 결정론적 침투해석기법을 층상지반에서의 투수계수의 불확실성과 공간적 변동성을 고려할 수 있도록 확률론적 해석으로 확장하였다. 각 층에 지정된 입력 확률분포함수와 자기상관함수(autocorrelation function)를 따르는 2차원의 랜덤필드를 생성하기 위하여 Karhunen-Lo$\grave{e}$ve 전개법을 사용하였다. 제안된 절차의 적용성을 검토하고 수리구조물 하부의 2층 지반을 통한 흐름에 공간적 불균질성이 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해 생성된 랜덤필드를 이용하여 Monte Carlo 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 해석결과는 층상지반에서의 침투거동 평가에서 지반의 층상구조와 지층내에서의 투수계수의 공간적 변동성에 의한 지반에서의 다양한 침투패턴을 확률론적 해석기법을 통하여 효율적으로 고려할 수 있음을 보여주었다.