• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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• pp.439-439
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• 2021

하천에서는 물리적 및 생태적 측면에서 종횡적 연결성이 매우 중요하며 이를 통해 물리적 환경 변화에 따라 변화하는 생물의 종도 연속적으로 변화하여 이어진다. 하천에서 안정적으로 물이 흐르고 거기서 서식하는 어류들의 보호 및 생태계 보전을 위해 어류의 이동이 가능하도록 보 혹은 댐 등과 같은 하천 횡단구조물 설계 시 어도를 추가적으로 설치하고 있다. 어도는 어류의 이동이 차단 혹은 곤란한 경우 이동이 가능하도록 만들어진 수로를 의미한다. 국내에 설치된 보는 35,000개 이상으로 이 중 어도는 5,081개가 설치되어 있다. 우리나라의 하천설계기준의 어도설계기준은 2002년에 개정되었으며 보의 부대시설로 어도의 형식에 대해서 다루어졌다. 그러나 어도의 기능을 평가하고 효율성을 증대시키기 위하여 어도 내의 수리 특성을 정확히 파악하여야 하며 또한 어류거동 및 이동에 대한 특성을 고려하여 적절한 어도의 위치선정 및 설계유량을 선정해야한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 2차원 수리해석모형(Kim et al., 2018)에 Lagrangian기반 어류이동모형을 결합한 수치모형을 개발하고 이를 수리실험결과(Tan et al., 2018)와 비교하여 검증을 수행하였다. 어류의 운동 및 생물학적 특성을 반영하기는 매우 어렵기 때문에 현장조사 및 실험실 테스트로 통하여 획득한 주요 특성만을 반영하였다. 이러한 시도는 최근 기후변화 및 하천의 자연성 회복을 위한 종횡적 연결성을 검토하고 어도기능을 평가할 수 있는 기술로 활용이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2009

This paper concerns the behavior of 2-Arch tunnel constructed under various conditions. A 2-Arch tunnel section adopted in a subway tunnel construction site is considered in this study. A calibrated 3D finite element model was adopted to conduct parametric studies on a variety of construction scenarios including lagged distance between left and right tunnels, overburden, and geological condition. The results of analyses were examined in terms of crown settlement, shotcrete lining stress, and load on center column in relation to the lagged distance, cover depth, and the ground condition. The results indicate that the shotcrete lining stress and the center pillar load are more influenced by the second tunnel excavation than the tunnel deformation. Also shown is that a greater lagged distance is required to minimize the interaction between two tunnels when the ground condition becomes weaker. Fundamental mechanisms of 2-arch tunnel were also discussed based on the results.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2013

In a shear wall-frame structural system, the structural response is determined by the interaction between the shear wall in bending mode and the frame in shear mode. In order to effectively consider these characteristics of a shear wall-frame structure, the simplified numerical model using the T-shape rigid body was suggested in the previous study. Based on the previously proposed model, an efficient numerical model for a wall-frame structure with an eccentric core has been proposed in this study. To this end, the previously proposed 2D model is extended to the 3D model and it is enhanced by considering torsion effects. As a result, the enhanced model can be applied to the analysis of a wall-frame structure with an eccentric core as well as a centric core.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 한국암반공학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.112-121
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• 2007

지보재의 파괴가 고려된 터널의 안전율을 산정하기 위해 허용응력 설계법에 기초하여 숏크리트 내에 발생하는 응력이 허용응력을 초과하면 숏크리트가 파괴된다고 가정하고, 전단강도 감소기법을 이용하여 수치해석적(2차원)으로 구하는 방법이 유광호 등(2005)에 의해 제시되었다. 하지만 허용응력 설계법에 근거한 방법은 숏크리트의 허용 휨응력을 과소평가하여 터널의 안정성 및 안전율을 과소평가하는 경향이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 숏크리트의 파괴거동을 갱도모형실험을 통해 확인하고 3차원 수치해석에 의해 검증하였다. 갱도모형실험에 사용된 터널은 실제 터널의 거동을 모사하기 위해 폭 3.3m, 높이 2.9m, 깊이 0.5m의 마제형으로 제작되었다. 지보재인 숏크리트는 거푸집을 이용하여 타설하고 28일간 양생하였고 7개의 실린더와 30cm의 모래 뒷채움을 이용하여 지보재에 최대한 등방하중이 가해질 수 있도록 하여 실험을 수행하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 한국수자원학회 2009년도 학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.764-769
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• 2009

하천과 바다가 만나는 하구는 자연적인 기능 뿐만 아니라 공학적인 측면에서도 매우 중요한 자원이다. 우리나라는 국토의 개발에 따른 용수 사용의 증가, 홍수재해대책 등으로 인해 한강을 제외한 4대강에 하구둑을 건설하였으며 강물과 바닷물을 인위적으로 차단하는 구조물이므로 하천의 생태적인 기능을 손상시키는 것은 불가피 하다. 하지만 이러한 단점에도 불구하고 하구둑이 건설되는 가장 큰 목적 중의 하나는 주변지역의 안정된 용수공급이다. 1987년에 완공된 낙동강 하구둑은 건설 이 후 약 20년 동안 안정된 용수공급과 효율적 운영으로 관리되어 왔지만 그동안 기상 및 수리 수문뿐만 아니라 환경적으로 크고 작은 변화가 있었다. 하천의 기수역인 하구에서 유체는 하구둑이라는 구조물이 존재하지 않을 때도 매우 복잡하게 거동한다. 하천의 유량, 지형학적 요소 그리고 조위의 상태 등 여러 가지 요인으로 인하여 비정상적으로 변화하며 이러한 하구에서 유체의 거동을 보다 더 정확하게 묘사하려면 흐름방향, 수심방향, 하폭방향의 3차원적인 해석이 필요하다. 하지만 하천과 바다를 밀도가 같은 하나의 상으로 가정하고 수행한 수문학적인 분석이나 1 2차원 수치모형을 활용한 수리 분석 결과는 시간적 공간적으로 경제적이고 양호한 결과를 산출해낼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강 하구둑의 수리특성을 분석하기 위하여 미국 기상청의 홍수추적모형인 FLDWAV 모형과 미수로국(WES)의 2차원 유한요소 모형인 RMA-2 모형을 활용하였으며 낙동강유역 주요 수위관측소의 실측자료를 토대로 매개변수 검정을 실시하였다. 분석결과 조위가 고려된 2차원 유속장을 구현하였으며 하구둑 유지 관리 개선에 기여코자 하였다.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2004

In this study, a comparison was made between the resulting behaviors of scaled model test and particle flow analysis for blasting demolition of a reinforced concrete structure. For the test and analysis, a progressive failure of a five-story structure was considered. The dimension analysis was carried out to properly scale down the real structure into the laboratory size. The test model was made of the mixture of gypsum, sand and water along with soldering lead to analogy reinforcing steel bars. The ratio of mixing components was chosen to best represent the scaled down strength and deformation modulus. The columns and girders of the structure were precasted in the laboratory and assembled right before the blasting test. The numerical analysis of the blasting demolition was carried out using PFC2D (Particle Flow Analysis 2-Dimension by Itasca). The results of the blasting of concrete lahmen structure showed roughly identical demolition behavior between scaled model test and numerical test. For the blasting of the reinforced concrete structure, the results were more identical and closer to the real demolition behavior, since the demolition behavior was better represented in this case due to the increased tensile strength of the component.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2016

This research is focused on the seepage behavior of embankment which had the weak zone with big permeability. The distributed TDR (Time Domain Reflectometer) and point sensors such as settlement gauge, pore water pressuremeter, vertical total stressmeter, and FDR (Frequency Domain Reflectometer) sensor were used to measure the seepage characteristics and embankment behavior. Also, the measured data were compared to the data of 2-D and 3-D numerical analysis. The dimension of model embankment was 7 m length, 5 m width and 1.5 m height, which is composed of fine-grained sands and the water level of embankment was 1.3 m height. The seepage behavior of measuring and numerical analysis were very similar, it means that the proper sensing system can monitor the real-time safety of embankment. The result by 2-D and 3-D numerical analysis showed similar saturation processing, however in case of weak zone, the phreatic lines of 2-D showed faster movement than that of 3-D analysis, and finally they converged.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2002

Rock joint system makes a heavy effect on the behavior of rock structures. The definition of a 3D rock joint system is very important in 2D or 3D numerical analysis for the prediction of the behavior of a discontinuous rock mass. To enhance the reality of a 3D definition of rock joint system, it is essential to estimate the unbiased statistics of basic geometric attributes of rock joints. In this study, we have proposed the statistical analysis and derived the related equations for an estimation of statistics of joint size and intensity. Geometry of rock joints in 3 dimensional space can be defined by the aggregate of location, size, orientation and intensity. The dimensional limit of survey method and its data makes 3D geometric attributes probabilistic. In the estimation of statistics of joint size, we have discussed the technique to correct the bias from a dimensional limit and derived the equation of 3D joint intensity by stereological approaches.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2001

The behavior of porous medium is modeled by linear thermoporoelastic behavior, linear poroviscoelastic behavior, poroplastic behavior, and poroviscoplastic behavior, etc. The behavior has, in general, a complicated aspect which makes a mechanical description of the problem with time. Constitutive modeling for deformation behavior of porous medium with coupling effects is needed since there is interaction between the constituents in pores with a relative velocity to each other. In this work, it is explained 3-dimensional behavior depending on degree of saturation for porous medium composed of homogeneous, isotropic materials. It is obtained the governing equations based on continuum porous mechanics. In addition, it is developed constitutive model which can be understood of behavior for porous medium which can be understood, analysed behavior of porous medium. It can be accomplished exact analysis and prediction of behavior in porous medium. The behavior for porous medium is analysed exactly, and the prediction of deformation behavior is accomplished. Consequently, it will be basis to analyze 3-dimensional behavior in municipal solid waste landfill, and the practical using of porous medium ground which are composed of nonhomogeneous, anisotropic materials can be done widely.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2011

This paper proposed a new 2-D multi-body dynamic modeling technique to analyze overriding behaviors taking place during train collision. This dynamic model is composed of nonlinear springs, dampers and masses by considering the deformable characteristics of carbodies as well as energy absorbing structures and components. By solving this dynamic model for rollingstock, energy absorbing capacities of collision elements, accelerations of passenger sections, impact forces applied to interconnecting devices, and overriding displacements can be well estimated. For a case study, we chose KHST (Korean High Speed Train), obtained crush characteristic data of each carbody section from 3-D finite element analysis, and established a 2-D multi-body dynamic model. This 2-D dynamic model was simulated under the train-to-train collision scenarios, and evaluated with 3-D virtual testing model. It was founded from the simulation results that this 2-D dynamic model could well predict overriding behaviors, and the modeling technique of carbody deformation was very important in overriding estimation.