• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 1996

The aim of this study was to assess the allergenic potential of 0.3% DA-5018 cream, a non-narcotic analgesic agent, using a guinea pig maximization test. Five male and female guinea pigs in the experimental group were sensitized in two steps. First, ,0.3% DA-5018 cream was injected intradermally, and 7 days later, the material was applied topically. After another 2 weeks test material was applied, the skin response was evaluated by visual observation. Five male and female guinea pigs served as cream base group, negative(ultreated) group or positive (2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, DNCB) group, respectively. 0.3% DA-5018 cream provoked slight erythema in 1 out of 5 cases in male and female guinea pigs sensitized with 0.3% DA-5018 cream or cream base. The animals challenged with cream base also showed slight erythema in 1/5 female guinea pig sensitized with 0.3% 3A-5018 cream or 2/5 male guinea pjgs sensitized with cream base, respectively. Histologically, however, no indication of skin sensitization was observed in all of these cases. The positive control group was sensitized with 0.1% DNCB suspended in olive oil and challenged with 0.01% and 0.1% DNCB ointment, all the animal showed remarkable skin reactions and obvious skin sensitization reactions in a dose dependent manner. From the challenge test it was evident that 0.3% DA-5018 cream did not elicit positive skin reaction interpreted as delayed hypersensitivity reactions, compared with cream base or untreated control group. These findings indicate that allergenic side effects by 0.3% DA-5018 cream is not likely in the clinical use.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to examine inhibitory effects of pine needle ethanol extracts (PNEE) on atopic dermatitis (AD). To determine inflammatory activity PNEE was added to LPS-induced murine peritoneal macrophages for an in-vitro test. In addition, anti-AD test was carried out by spreading PNEE on the dorsal skin of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)- induced BALB/c mice. It was confirmed that the nitric oxide (NO) secretion was suppressed when $1{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$ of PNEE were added to LPS-induced murine peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-$1{\beta}$, were decreased. For the anti-AD test, PNEE alleviated symptoms of the erythema in DNCB-induced mice. Furthermore, the IFN-${\gamma}$ secretion of the group treated with PNEE was increased in splenocytes from DNCB-induced mice compared to the positive control, while IL-4 secretion diminished. Through these results, we can conclude that PNEE can inhibit AD by modulating the IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4 cytokines production and inhibiting inflammation.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1339-1343
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• 2012

알레르기성 아토피 피부염은 면역적 반응을 포함하는 복잡한 원인을 가진 염증성 질환이다. 본 연구는 ICR mice의 등쪽 부위에 반복적인 DNCB 도포를 통해 유발시킨 알레르기성 아토피 피부염에 있어서 PG-Platycodin D의 효능에 대해 연구하였다. PG-Platycodin D의 효능은 scratching behavior, skin severity score, 그리고 조직병리학적 관찰을 통해서 확인하였다. PG-Platycodin D가 scratching behavior, skin severity score 수준을 감소시킴을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 조직병리학적 관찰에 의해 PG-Platycodin D군에서 피부의 부종이 효과적으로 억제됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로부터 알레르기성 아토피 피부염에 있어서 Platycodin D가 포함된 도라지 추출물이 유용한 천연 원료 물질로서 가능성을 가짐을 확인하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2016

Objectives: Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque has been known to have anti-allergic effects in skin diseases. However, anti-atopic dermatitis effects of P. trifoliata Rafinesque have not been studied yet in skin diseases. The present study evaluated the anti-atopic dermatitis effects of P. trifoliata Rafinesque (PTR) using external treatments on AD. Methods: AD lesions were induced by the repeated application of 2, 4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on the shaved back of BALB/c mice. $100{\mu}{\ell}$ of PTR extracts was applied to the AD lesions for 11 days. Histological assessments, mast cells count and serum levels of IgE were analyzed. The anti-pruritic effects of PTR were examined by the change of scratching frequency and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of PTR were examined by the expressions of Th2/Th1 cytokines and pro-inflammatory in dorsal skin. Results: Histopathological findings showed that topical application of PTR decreased the thickness of dermal and epidermal skin compared with the DNCB group. PTR also notably decreased the mast cells count and serum IgE. The scratching behavior of mice and expression of NGF were significantly reduced. In addition, PTR group significantly suppressed the IL-4, IL-6, IFN-${\gamma}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ cytokines compared to the DNCB group. Conclusions: These results indicated that P. trifoliata Rafinesque possess anti-pruritus and anti-atopic dermatitis properties. Therefore, P. trifoliata Rafinesque might be used for treatment of pruritus and atopic dermatitis.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 1998

본 연구는 알러지성 접촉피부염(allergic contact dermatitis) 유발 피부 주변 림프절에서의 세포성 면역활성으로 나타나는 면역조직화학적 형태변화를 조사하기 위해 DNCB로 인위적인 알러지성 접촉피부염을 BALB/C계 생쥐의 샅바위부분 피부에서 유발시킨 후 시간 경과에 따른 샅바위 림프절(inguinal lymph node)에서의 T 림프구와 IL-2 수용기의 분포변화를 관찰하였다. 대조군에서는 L3T4(CD4)에 양성반응을 보이는 도움 T 림프구, Ly2(CD8)에 양성반응을 보이는 세포독성 T 림프구 그리고 CD25R에 양성반응을 보이는 IL-2 수용기를 가진 세포는 곁피질(paracortex)과 수질동(medullary sinus)에서 분포하였다. DNCB에 의한 알러지성 접촉피부염 유발후 24시간부터 도움 T 림프군, 세포독성 T 림프구 그리고 IL-2 수용기를 가진 세포가 곁피질과 수질동에서 증가하기 시작하여 48시간에 이르러서는 그 분포와 양성반응성이 최고에 달했다. 48시간의 이러한 분포는 수질동에서 잘 나타났으며, 특히 세포독성 T 림프구가 많은 증가를 보였다. 72시간에 이르러서는 양성반응세포가 서서히 감소되는 것으로 나타났지만, 대조군에 비해서는 여전히 증가된 분포양상으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 DNCB에 의한 접촉성 피부염 유발시 림프절에서는 도움 T림프구의 분열 활성 증대로 인한 IL-2 생성 분비 증가의 결과 세포독성 T 림프구의 분열 활성을 유도하는 일련의 세포성 면역연쇄반응의 활성이 일어나게 된다. 이러한 세포성 면역연쇄반응의 활성은 주변 피부에서 일어나는 알러지성 접촉피부염로 인한 피부손상을 주도하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.192-200
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• 2020

Natural products have received revived interest via traditional remedies or alternative medicine used for the treatment of various diseases. Zanthoxylum piperitum (ZP) has been utilized in traditional medicine for various medicinal purposes. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether ZP modulates allergic inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. We examined the pharmacological effects of ZP on 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) symptoms in mice. Additionally, in order to clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of ZP, we elucidate the effect of ZP on the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1). The results demonstrated that ZP attenuated AD clinical symptoms such as erythema, edema and dryness as well as histamine and IgE serum levels in DNCB-induced AD model mice. Additionally, ZP suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines and activation of NF-κB in AD-like skin lesions and stimulated HMC-1. These results provide experimental evidence that ZP may be useful candidate for treating allergic inflammation including AD.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.430-437
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 DNCB에 의해 인위적으로 접촉피부염을 유발시킨 후 천궁추출물을 표피에 처리하여 피부표면, 피부두께, 혈장내 성분, 혈장내 IgE 농도 및 항산화효소을 조사하여 표피의 회복능에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 천궁추출물은 DNCB에 의해 유발된 알레르기성 접촉피부염에 도포 시에 환부의 피부염이 급격히 호전되었으며, 피부표면은 정상군에 비교될 정도로 각질이 없어진 깨끗하고 매끄러운 상태로 되었으며, 표피층의 두께도 점차 정상군과 같은 상태로 회복되고 있는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 알레르기성 접촉피부염이 유발되어 체내 지질함량이 급격히 증가된 경우 지질함량을 낮춰 정상수준으로 회복시키는 지질함량의 개선에 효과적으로 작용하고 있으며, 직접적으로 혈액 내 IgE 수준의 감소에 관여하여 피부의 과민반응 해소에 관여할 것으로 생각된다. SOD와 catalase의 활성은 천궁추출물의 처리에 의해 정상군 수준으로 낮아지는 경향을 보이고 있어 항산화 효소의 활성을 낮춰 정상수준으로 회복시켜주는 효과를 갖는 것으로 생각된다. 결론적으로 천궁 추출물은 알레르기성 접촉피부염의 회복에 매우 효과적으로 작용하는 천연 유용자원으로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2017

본 연구는 DNCB로 유도한 아토피 피부염 유사 병변 실험동물 모델을 활용한 in vivo와 피부 각질세포주를 이용한 in vitro 연구를 통하여 아로니아와 모링가 종자 추출물의 아토피 피부염 개선 효능을 분석하였다. 조직학적 검사 결과 아로니아 추출물(AM) 또는 모링가 종자 추출물(MO) 단독 투여 시보다 1:1로 혼합한 복합물(AM-MO)을 투여했을 때 표피 부분의 과증식과 염증세포의 침윤이 감소하였으며, 염증 및 부종을 나타내는 피부 두께를 측정한 결과에서도 추출물 단독으로 투여하였을 때보다 AM-MO 투여 시 DNCB 도포군과 비교하여 유의하게 감소함을 보여주었다. 피부장벽 손상으로 인한 수분 손실에 대해서는 유의한 효과를 나타내지 않았으며, 혈청 IgE 수준은 AM과 MO 각각 단독으로 투여했을 때보다 혼합 투여하였을 때 현저하게 억제되었다. In vitro에서는 피부각질세포주인 HaCaT 세포를 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 $IFN-{\gamma}$로 자극하면 발현이 증가하는 Th2 케모카인 TARC 및 MDC에 대하여 mRNA 수준을 분석하였을 때, 이 역시 단독 추출물 처리 시보다 복합물 처리 시 억제 효과가 더 뛰어남을 확인하였다. 종합적으로 DNCB로 유도된 아토피 피부염 in vivo 모델에서 아로니아 및 모링가 종자 추출물은 단독으로 투여하는 것보다 복합물로 투여하였을 때 현저하게 피부 염증 및 혈청 내 IgE 생성을 억제하였으며, 피부각질 세포주를 이용한 in vitro 연구에서도 추출물 단독 처리보다 혼합하여 처리하였을 때 더 유의한 Th2 케모카인 억제 활성을 나타내었다. 이로 인해 아로니아 및 모링가 종자 추출물은 복합적으로 사용하였을 때 상호작용에 의해서 더 효과적인 아토피 피부염 개선 식품 소재로써 활용될 가능성이 높을 것으로 생각된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.325-332
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• 2017

3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) is a natural bromophenol compound that is most commonly isolated from red algae. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of BDB on atopic dermatitis (AD) in mice induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages. BDB treatment (100 mg/kg) resulted in suppression of the development of AD symptoms compared with the control treatment (induction-only), as demonstrated by reduced immunoglobulin E levels in serum, smaller lymph nodes with reduced thickness and length, a decrease in ear edema, and reduced levels of inflammatory cell infiltration in the ears. In RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, BDB (12.5, 25, 50, and $100{\mu}M$) suppressed the production of interleukin-6, a proinflammatory cytokine, in a dose-dependent manner. BDB also had an inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-${\kappa}B$) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1; Tyr 701), two major signaling molecules involved in cellular inflammation. Taken together, the results show that BDB treatment alleviates inflammatory responses in an atopic dermatitis mouse model and RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results suggest that BDB may be a useful therapeutic strategy for treating conditions involving allergic inflammation such as atopic dermatitis.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2010

Purpose : To investigate the effects of the lavender, lemon and eucalyptus oil mixture on the atopy dermatitis skin lesions induced on NC/Nga Mice by dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Material and Method : For this purpose, we fabricated the oil mixture blending three essential oils (lavender, lemon, eucalyptus : ELL) with one carrier oil (jojoba) and apply it on the atopic dermatitis skin lesions of NC/Nga Mice. Atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice was induced by DNCB treatment on the dorsal skin of mice for 8 weeks. The mixture of ratio of each essential oil drop was 1 (eucalyptus) : 2 (lemon) : 2 (lavender) and this mixture was blended with jojoba oil 50ml (0.025%). The ELL-ointment was supplied for 8 weeks. We evaluated the effects of ELL on cell viability of mouse lung fibroblast, clinical skin features and severity, the level of serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) E & Ig G1, Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and Interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$. Results : ELL showed safety on the cell viability of mouse lung fibroblast compared with control group. The cell viability was measured by SRB method. The effects of ELL on clinical skin features and severity in DNCB-induced dermatitis model of NC/Nga mice was significant compared with control group. EEL also showed significant effects on clinical symptom score compared with control group. Serum IgE & IgG1 level and development of atopy dermatitis skin lesions were evaluated. Serum IgE & IgG1 production was significantly down-regulated in EEL group compared with control group. ELL also down-regulated the levels of IL-4 and IL-13, and up-regulated the level of IFN-$\gamma$ compared with control group significantly. Conclusion : ELL was effective on atopy dermatitis by modulating Th2 related factors.