• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 2021

In this study, vinegar was prepared using black raspberry pomace to increase its utilization capacity. As a result of alcohol fermentation, the final alcohol content was 8.90% and the sugar content was 7.03°Brix. The total acid content after acetic acid fermentation was 4.44%, which was 0.38% higher than that of the juice. Among the organic acid content, the acetic acid content was higher in the pomace than in the juice. The total polyphenol (51.58 TAE mg/mL), total flavonoid (9.55 RUE mg/mL), and total anthocyanin (6.05 CYE mg/mL) contents of vinegar produced using black raspberry residue were higher than those of the juice. In addition, 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity were higher than those of the juice, indicating strong antioxidant properties. Thus, black raspberry pomace has excellent acetic acid fermentation ability and high antioxidant activity, indicating that it can be used as a functional fermented vinegar.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.23-43
• /
• 2021

In this study, we selected two essential oils, Citrus unshiu and Cinnamomum cassia with superior antioxidant effects from the essential oils of 7 wild plants in South Korea and examined their antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, which causes dermatitis to identify the antimicrobial components in the essential oils. As a result of measuring DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, SC50 value of the Citrus unshiu essential oil was 0.010 mg/mL, while for the Cinnamomum cassia essential oil, SC50 value was 0.09 mg/mL. In addition, when ABTS (2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity was measured, SC50 value of the Citrus unshiu essential oil was 0.09 mg/mL, while for the Cinnamomum cassia essential oil, it was 0.06 mg/mL, exhibiting high antioxidant activity. For the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the essential oil of Cinnamomum cassia was 1.25 mg/mL and that of Citrus unshiu was 5 mg/mL, demonstrating a high antimicrobial activity of the Cinnamomum cassia essential oil. Through the thin layer chromatography (TLC) bioassay, we assessed the antimicrobial activity against C. albicans according to the fraction components of the two essential oils. Also, by using preparative TLC (prep. TLC), we obtained the active fractions, and by performing GC/MS analysis of the components with the same Rf value, we identified the antimicrobial-active components. As a result, the main components having antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were cinnamyl acetate, eucalyptol, linalool, and citral of the Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and linalool from the Citrus unshiu essential oil. Also, based on the analysis of the fractional components that showed antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in both of the two essential oils, it was found that linalool has antioxidant activity, while cinnamyl acetate, eucalyptol, citral, and geranyl acetate have antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.68 no.2
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2023

Sweet corn is widely consumed due to its high nutritional content and diverse phytochemical composition, including carotenoids and phenolic compounds, which have several benefits for human health. This study aims to identify breeding materials for developing high-functional sweet corn varieties by evaluating the phytochemical and antioxidant activities of 37 Korean sweet corn inbred lines. The results revealed genetic variation in various components, such as carotenoid content (range of 120.7~1239.3 mg 100 g^-1), polyphenol content (490.5~740.6 mg gallic acid equivalent 100 g^-1), and flavonoid content (7.3~68.6 mg catechin equivalent 100 g^-1). In addition, the free radical scavenging capacity, measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), also varied among the inbred lines. Therefore, in this study, we identified Korean sweet corn inbred lines with high phytochemical content and excellent antioxidant activity. The development of sweet corn varieties with improved functionality is expected to further expand the role of sweet corn as a source of antioxidants in the Korean diet.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.297-302
• /
• 2008

In this work, the amounts of Flavone C-glycosides homoorientin, orientin extracted from Black bamboo by various ultrasonic waves frequency (35, 72, 170 KHz, 300 Watt $\pm$1) time (15, 30, 60 min) and temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) were compared using 50% aqueous ethanol solution. And describesanalysis of the antioxidant potential of Black bamboo using an high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on-line $ABTS^+$antioxidant screening method. In conjunction with the analysis of their 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ($ABTS^+$) radical scavenging ability. The optimum operating conditions were experimentally determined to analyze the Flavone C-glycosides homoorientin, orientin in the pretreatment ultrasonic extracts. From the results, the effect on extraction yield of variations in frequency, solvent composition and extraction time was investigated. The highest yield of Black bamboo was obtained by ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 72 KHz and an extraction time of 60 min, The extraction frequency 35 KHz ($25^{\circ}C$), time 30 min was selected as an optimal antioxidant activity condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2022.10a
• /
• pp.313-313
• /
• 2022

The Smilacis chinae Radix refers to the root of Smilax chinae L distributed in mountain and filed of Korea, and it is a vine shrub in the Lilaceae family, called Berchemia berchemiaefolia, and is referred to as Smilacis chinae Radix in it's a natural medicine name. Antibacterial, inflammatory, and antioxidant activity were studied in Smilacis chinae Radix. In this study, biological activities such as antioxidant (DPPH, ABTs, TPC), cytotoxicity, wrinkle improvement, and whitening improvement to increase the utilization value of Smilacis chinae Radix and identify the botanical value. Therefore, we tried to explore the applicability of Smilacis chinae Radix as a functional cosmetic material. Smilacis chinae Radix (SCR) was dried and extracted with ethanol. In order to measure the biological activity of the SCR, antioxidant activity, inhibition activities of collagenase, tyrosinase and cell viability were measured. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity in the extract with a concentration of 400㎍/mL is 91.22% ± 0.41%%. ABTs (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity in the extract with a concentration of 400㎍/mL is 99.60% ± 0.03%. Total polyphenol contents (TPC) are 0.203 ± 0.05 mg GAE/mg Ext when SCR was lmg/mL. And the Cell viability for HaCaT derived human keratinocyte and Raw264.7, a mouse-derived macrophage was determined using the MTT assay. When cell was treated with 100㎍/mL of SCR, HaCaT cell showed cell viability of 78.09 ± 0.1% and Raw264.7 cell showed cell viability of 91.88 ± 0.42%. From the above results, we have shown the possibility that the CSR have antioxidant ability, inhibition activity of collagenase and tyrosinase and cell safety ability which can be useful in a functional cosmetic material.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.258-262
• /
• 2005

For the purpose of developing natural antioxidant, the antioxidative activity and antimicrobial of phenolics isolated from Baek-bu-ja (Aconiti koreani Rhizoma) were determined. Optimum extracting condition for phenolics were water extracts. HPLC analysis showed that the four major phenolic metabolites were rosemarinic, protocatechuic, caffeic and chlorogenic acids. The water extracts of Baekbuja did not have antimicrobial activity against H. pylori; however, the ethanol extracts revealed higher antimicrobial activity. Electron donation ability on DPPH of Baekbuja ethanol extract was 20% higher than other ethanol extracts. The 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical decolorization (ABTS) and antioxidant protection factor (PF) were determined with extracts from Aconiti koreani Rhizoma. 94% inhibition and 1.14 PF were shown on ABTS and antioxidant protection factor with 60% ethanol extracts. Also, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) showed $0.19\;{\mu}M$ in the control and $0.07\;{\mu}M$ in the 80% ethanol extracts. The result suggests that Baekbuja extract may be useful as potential sources of anti Helicobacter pylori, antioxidant.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.671-676
• /
• 2014

This study was designed to evaluate the changes in the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Dutch coffee (cold brew) under different conditions of extraction and storage. Dutch coffee was extracted from ground coffee soaked in water at 4 or $20^{\circ}C$ and stored for 8 weeks at 4 or $20^{\circ}C$. The storage temperature affected the decline in pH and increase in acidity compared to the extraction temperature. The total phenol content partly decreased during the storage period. As the extraction temperature increased, the ABTS [2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activities also increased; in fact, DPPH radical-scavenging activity showed a general increase. As the storage time prolonged, the caffeine content decreased, but the contents of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid increased. The results for all kinds of samples indicated that the general bacterial count was <1 CFU/mL, which indicated that the coffee can be stored for and consumed within 8 weeks.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.214-219
• /
• 2009

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a promising source of functional food, which contains several phytochemicals that perform important roles in reducing the risk of pathological diseases. Chemical compositions, such as the total sugar, uronic acid, polyphenols, and anthocyanin contents, and radical scavenging activity were determined and compared among PEs from six different cultivation areas. Total anthocyanin contents (TAC) and total polyphenol contents (TPC) from various growing areas were detected in the following order, respectively: Spain (19.08 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Turkey (12.91 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Iran-A (6.67 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Taiwan (4.77 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Uzbekistan (1.88 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Iran-B (0.76 ${\mu}g$/mL) and Turkey (639.52 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Uzbekistan (502.19 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Spain (306.40 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Iran-B (249.20 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Taiwan (162.78 ${\mu}g$/mL)> Iran-A (143.93 ${\mu}g$/mL). PEs from six different cultivation areas were determined to vary in ellagic acid content from 8.90 ${\mu}g$/mL to 332.52 ${\mu}g$/mL. The amounts of total sugars in PE from Iran-A evidenced relatively high total sugar contents, but low uronic acid levels (11.92 mg/mL). DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activities were as follows: Turkey> Uzbekistan $\gg$ Spain> Iran-B> Iran-A> Taiwan. ABTS [2,20-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging activities were detected in the following order: Turkey$\geq$ Uzbekistan$\gg$ Spain> Iran-B> Iran-A> Taiwan. These results indicate that the PEs from Turkey with higher levels of TPC, TAC, ellagic acid, and higher radical scavenging activity may constitute a promising functional source for the prevention of several degenerative diseases.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.298-303
• /
• 2006

The biological and antioxidative activity of Phellinus linteus extracts from gradient ethanol concentrations were examined. The phenol contents of Phellinus linteus(28.36 mg/100 ml) was higher in the 80% ethanol extracts than other extracts. Electron donation ability on DPPH of 80% and 90% ethanol extracts(94.12% and 94.14% inhibition) from Phellinus linteus were the highest. The antioxidant activity against water soluble materials of Phellinus linteus ethanol extracts showed totally high inhibition rates above 80%, especially in 80% and 90% ethanol extracts, they showed each 94.12% inhibition and 94.14% inhibition. The inhibition against ABTS [2,2azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical decolorization of 80% ethanol extracts was the highest as 96.2%. The antioxidant protection factor (PF) against lipid soluble materials was the highest in 80% ethanol extracts as 1.69 PF, and TBARS of 80% and 90% ethanol extracts were lower as $1.15{\times}100{\mu}M$ and $1.21{\times}100{\mu}M$ than control($1.95{\times}100{\mu}M$. Angiotensin converting enzyme and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of 80% ethanol extracts from Phellinus linteus was higher as 95.10%, 85.07% than other extracts. The results to analized of simple phenolic compounds of Phellinus linteus ethanol extrcts with HPLC showed that they were procatecuic acid, caffeic acid and coumaric acid.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.370-381
• /
• 2018

Background: To enhance the taste and physiological characteristics of Lycii fructus (Gugija) extracts, we investigated the changes in the physiological characteristics of Gugija extracts caused by adding white ginseng (WG) and red ginseng (RG) Methods and Results: Gugija extracts, including 10G10, 10GW-G8 : 2, -G6 : 4, -G4 : 6, -G2 : 8, and -G0 (mixtures made by replacing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of Gugija with WG), as well as 10G10, 10GR-G8 : 2, -G6 : 4, -G4 : 6, -G2 : 8, and -G0 (mixture made by replacing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of Gugija with RG) were extracted with water at 10 times the respective mixture's volume. The antioxidant activities of Gugija extracts were investigated by assessing their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) activity, nitrite scavenging activity, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. As the amount of WG added increased, the DPPH, and, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP activity of the Gugija extract decreased. The half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) value of 10G10, 10GW-G6 : 4, 10GR-G6 : 4, and 10GR-G0 for DPPH radical scavenging activity were $25.50{\pm}1.04$, $52.06{\pm}1.46$, $16.87{\pm}1.24$, and $9.50{\pm}0.16{\mu}{\ell}/m{\ell}$, respectively. On the other hand, the physiological activity of Gugija extract increased with the addition of increasing amounts of RG. However, ACE inhibitory activity was the highest ($50.25{\pm}2.58%$) in the Gugija 10-fold extract without any added RG. Conclusions: From the above results, we suggest that adding RG to Gugija extracts increase their antioxidant, FRAP, and nitrite scavenging activities.