• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2001

This paper presents the educational methodology shipboard training methods of Maritime Colleges in U.S.A. and the fields of engagement in business of the graduates from them. There are two Maritime Academies, i.e. U.S. Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) and U.S. Coast Guard Academy, which are supported by federal government and six Maritime Colleges operated by each State. Maritime Administration (MARAD) in the Department of Transportation (DOT) supports the training of merchant marine officers and crew members with a focus on safety in U.S. waterborne commerce. The shipboard training methods are not unique, but have various process. One is continuous sea term training onboard during sophomore (100 days) and junior year (200 days) in case of USMMA, the other is summer sea term training onboard every three months during freshman, sophomore and junior years in case of SUNY Maritime College. They offer also one month ship simulator training ashore. The employment status for the 1999 year graduates from USMMA shows 43 percent in the field of maritime afloat, 34 percent of maritime ashore, 22 percent of active duty military and 1 percent of others.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.81-89
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• 2008

The Maritime High School's Two plus One Onboard Training system is introduced to increase amount of graduate students to board on a ship for improvement of Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs' policy. Students with this system study in school for two years and complete practices in ship for one year so that graduate students from this system can get officer license with only interview exam. This program Iud been developed to attract more graduate students to board on ships longer according to the fact that students now are avoiding life on ships. Four years after the system had been introduced, this research aims to find out problems of the system by questionnaire regarding practices on ships to current students from which to introduce methods of leading longer lie on ships of students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.709-716
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• 2018

In 2017, there was an accident in which a cadet onboard training was killed. This cadet worked 12 hours a day. No regulation has yet been laid down to define hours and breaks for interns. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the working status of commissioned training, the satisfaction survey of commissioned training, and to improve the treatment of commissioned trainees. The survey was conducted on students commissioned from merchant vessels, and 461 respondents answered the questionnaire. The results of the survey are as follows. First, 43.0 % of cadets said that they worked 10 hours a day on average, regardless of the vessel type, and 35.2 % said that the average rest time was 8 hours. 15.6 % of respondents said they had worked more than 12 hours. Unreasonable order cases deviating from the purpose of education were "making ramen, working at rest time, instruction of dangerous work, making night snack and private errands." Second, the satisfaction level of cadets who practiced on LNG carriers was high, while the satisfaction level of cadets on bulk carriers and container carriers was low. It was confirmed that the ship's size, ship's age, working hours, rest time and training support costs had little minor effect on educational satisfaction. Lastly, 56.8 % of the cadets answered 'commissioned training is like work.' Based on the results of the questionnaires, we proposed the following improvement methods; providing legislation for working hours and rest time for commissioned training cadets, protection system against violence and sexual harassment and victim protection. This study focuses on the working and rest time of merchant ship's cadet and it is meaningful to investigated the onboard training satisfaction by ship's type, size and age.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2021

The noise environment was evaluated using the ISO recommended NR evaluation curve and PSIL (Preferred Sound Interference Level) in order to investigate the onboard educational environment according to the noise in the Motor Vessel Saehaerim, a fishing training ship under making way. As a result, NRNs were measured at 37-61 dB in accommodation areas, 44-56 dB in work areas, 37-57 dB in educational and conference areas, 83-103 dB in engine areas and 65.3 dB and 51.2 dB in the work and education areas respectively based on PSIL. The NRNs, which evaluated the cabin of the experimental ship according to the purpose, exceeded all of the indoor standard noise recommended by the ISO, and the PSIL had a generally short conversational distance within 0.25-2.3 m and 0.75-1.3 m for teaching and work areas.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2010

The residential comfort and safety on ship are more focused than ever, in accordance with the increase of the crews' onboard time and interest in cruiser sailing. To grasp the safety characteristics on ships against various scenarios of evacuations, this study performed experiments and simulations for the evacuation times on a training ship. Through the experiments, the average walking speed is 3.0m/s on 100% visibility, and 1.2m/s on 8% visibility, but the speeds go down 1.3m/s and 0.7m/s, respectively, when obstacles are happened without any previous notification. From the simulation, it is clearly reconfirmed that the worse visibility and many people make evacuation time comparatively longer. And unlike the common expectation of the effect of emergency announcement, the difference of evacuation times between cases of announcement and non-announcement is negligible on this study. From the survey after experiments, it is known that experiment participants feel unsafe and fear when the evacuation routes are longer in bad visible condition, even if they know the perfect evacuation route. And the survey results also show that the evacuees give more careful consideration to make a evacuation route decision under bad visibility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 2019

Safety and security measures in the shipping industry play a pivotal role in ensuring efficient and reliable cargo and passengers operations at each stage of the supply chain. The ISPS Code was adopted into SOLAS convention to protect seafarers and vessels from security threats. Furthermore, according to the Manila amendments to STCW Convention in 2010, personnel employed on board are required to participate in security training. Effective seafarers' education and training programs are of major importance to guarantee satisfactory performance levels onboard to minimize security-related risks. The study's contribution focuses on empirically evaluating the relationship between personal level of awareness and security performance when seafarers undertake security training courses. Findings of this study suggest that (1) seafarers who undertake maritime security training have a higher awareness of ship security, (2) security training and security awareness have a positive influence on security performance, and (3) security awareness mediates the impact of security training and security performance. In conclusion, education and training programs are key tools in enhancing seafarers' security awareness and security performance which, from an industry viewpoint, can translate into major economic, operational and reputational benefits.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2018

Students from the Maritime universities enrolled themselves into one year navigational training, according to The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarer(STCW). The purpose of this paper is to analyze if the students demonstrate improvements and accomplishments while they participate in their practical training. The subjects are third year students of the Korea Maritime and Ocean University who were onboard the Training Ship of the University. The purpose of this paper is to cover the degree of improvement by training, based on the core competency of officers. We also present the basic data for the efficiency in the curriculum of the practical training course for the school. As a result of the research, most of the students showed high improvements in their core competency subjects at the end of their one-year training. However, subjects such as cargo management and protection of the maritime environment resulted in below average results. These were some of the areas that needed improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2016

Because most of the passengers are not accustomed with onboard environments, it is very important to analyze and predict the behaviors' characteristics of passengers under disasters' conditions, and apply those results for making countermeasures. On this view point, this study focused on the walking characteristics of onboard-novices are tested and analyzed under blackout condition that has high possibility to happen. As a result, comparing to under normal lighting conditions, the waking times under blackout conditions are 155.8~247.1 % longer on full path, 56.9~331.7 % on corridors, 75.3~152.9 % on stairs, respectively. And under the same blackout conditions, walking times in cases of the exit guidance marks being attached on top side of walls saved times, like 21.6~24.0 % on full path, 37.7~58.9 % on corridors, 18.7~19.2 % on stairs, comparing to the cases of exit guidance marks being not attached. On the other hand, after tests under without exit guidance marks, 60.7% among respondents answered that internal structures like wall/stair (35.7 %) and handrail (25 %) are very helpful to decide way findings, and 28.6 % selected personal instincts is important. But 50 % responded that exit guide marks are effective to find ways, after the tests under with exit guidance marks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.170-178
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• 2024

This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the risk using data from 329 safety accidents that occurred in aquaculture fisheries management vessels over the recent five years (2018-2022). For quantitative risk analysis, the Bayesian network proposed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) was used to analyze the risk level according to the fishing process and cause of safety accidents. Among the work processes, the fishing process was analyzed to have the highest risk, being 12.5 times that of the navigation, 2.7 times that of the maintenance, and 8.8 times that of the loading and unloading. Among the causes of accidents, the hull and working environment showed the highest risk, being 1.7 times that of fishing gear and equipment, 4.7 times that of machinery and equipment, and 9.4 times that of external environment. By quantitatively analyzing the safety accident risks for 64 combinations of these four work processes and four accident causes, this study provided fundamental data to reduce safety accidents occurring in aquaculture fisheries management vessels.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.53-78
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• 1992

GMDSS-the Global Maritime Distress and Safety system which is utilizing the new technologies such as satellite communication system, DSC and NBCP-is effectuated not only by the amendment of SOLAS but also by the conference of RR and IMO's MSC, and will be the major factor of the variation of the demand and supply of Radio Operators. To cope with the GMDSS voluntarily, regulations relating to the radio installation, the posting of Radio Operators, the bounds of duty, etc. must be established and the demand and supply of Radio Operators which take charge of the system must be accomplished pertinently. In this study, the authors suggested some practical schemes to improve the effect of policy as follow. 1. The Ministry of Communication must supervise strictly the arrangement of Radio Operators, especially relating tot he legally qualified complement of Radio Station, and must review the official certification system to upgrade the quality of Radio Operators. 2. The Ministry of Communication must take overall charge of the qualitifications and technical standards of Radio Operators, the extent of their engagement, etc. which are provided by International Regulations. 3. Relating Administrations must cooperate with Shipping Companies in onboard-training to foster and ensure the manpower of Radio Operators. 4. Institutional devices to drive the resolute investment in education and training for mariners, especially for the ship's officers, must be prepared. 5. The Communication Administration and the Korea Maritime and Port Adminstration(KMPA) must cooperate mutually in the balance of the demand and supply of Radio Operators and use make their best to realize more harmonious policies on the demand and supply of manpower.