• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.08a
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• pp.59.1-59
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• 1998

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.53-63
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• 2009

This work proposes a 10b 100MS/s 27.2mW $0.8mm^2$ 0.18um CMOS ADC for WLAN such as an IEEE 802.11n standard. The proposed ADC employs a three-stage pipeline architecture and minimizes power consumption and chip area by sharing as many circuits as possible. Two multiplying DACs share a single amplifier without MOS switches connected in series while the shared amplifier does not show a conventional memory effect. All three flash ADCs use only one resistor ladder while the second and third flash ADCs share all pre-amps to further reduce power consumption and chip area. The interpolation circuit employed in the flash ADCs halves the required number of pre-amps and an input-output isolated dynamic latch reduces the increased kickback noise caused by the pre-amp sharing. The prototype ADC implemented in a 0.18um n-well 1P6M CMOS process shows the DNL and INL within 0.83LSB and 1.52LSB at 10b, respectively. The ADC measures an SNDR of 52.1dB and an SFDR of 67.6dB at a sampling rate of 100MS/s. The ADC with an active die area of $0.8mm^2$ consumes 27.2mW at 1.8V and 100MS/s.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 1984

This study was undertaken to know the possibility of in vitro propagation of Stevia through axillary bud culture and the results indicated that: (1) Addition of NAA (0.01-0.05 mg/l) alone on Murashige-Skoog basal medium promoted shoot differentiation and growth rate. And also additional of kinetin of 0.5-1.0 mg/1 alone showed the same trend as that of NAA: (2) Addition of both NAA (0.01-0.05 mg/l) and kinetin (0.5-1.0mg/l) to MS medium promoted better shoot formation. (3) Shoot differentiation and growth were better on the full salt strength of MS medium (1X MS) than that of half strength ( $\frac{1}{2}$MS), while their effects were reversed for root differentiation

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5485-5491
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate PR-VEP characteristics on the perception function(S/N) and the judgement function(T/F) of MBTI. The 136 study participants, over 20 years old adults, were examined by PR-VEP and MBTI test for two months in July and August in 2013. PR-VEP was conducted in O1 and O2 by 32 channels EEG system and MBTI test was measured by Form-M online. We found that the time interval(Duration) between N75 and P100 of PR-VEP was 5.49 ms significantly shorter in the group preferring S indicator. And the latency until N75 was 4.83 ms significantly shorter in O1 and 4.27 ms shorter in O2 in the group preferring F indicator. According to these, the characteristics of groups preferring S and F indicator have influence on visual cognitive function, which is meaningful that the interpretation of brain-science can be used with recognition/judgement function of MBTI.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.50-58
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• 1980

A cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile line(MS) in rapes of which fertility is not restored under any temperature regimes and have the better quaility of and oil cake was developed. A MS line named Mokpo-MS, which is form the cross between Tower and Isuzu and its stamens is degenerated completely by interact~g with cytoplasmic and nuclear genes was selected. This MS line was found as a complete cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile having the quality of oil and oil cake were greatly improved by introducing Zero-erucic and Zero-glucosinolate gene from Tower.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2008

This research is to construct wireless internet DGPS using MS Visual Basic Active X control for LBS. The coordinate correction method was used in this system because of convenience of both direction communication on Web. The PictureBox control and bitblt function were used in coordinate display module. The MS Comm control, MS Winsock control (TCP/IP), MS CommonDialog control, MS Sysinfo control were used in internet DGPS communication module and published on Web. Realtime internet DGPS were tested using the system which developed in this study and near realtime monitoring through this system could be performed.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.15-26
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• 2006

As the interest and use of computer have been increased among elderly users according to the entry to the aging society, the issue of universal design for computer usability was brought forward. Especially, it is widely recognized that universal UI(User Interlace) design on MS windows is important. The objective of this study is to conceptualize Universal GUI design on MS windows which can be used more easily and intuitively by novice users such as elderly and housewives. Especially, the solution for Universal GUI design on MS windows was developed by reflecting elderly users' needs because elderly users is the group with more difficulties than other user groups in learning and using MS windows. First, elderly user's needs was collected by participant observation as a teaching assistant in computer dass for elderly people for 4 weeks. Secondly, the experimental test and in-depth interview was implemented to find difficulties factors and needs in addition to participant observation. Based on the findings, the new GUI design solution was suggested. The design solution consists of ideas in several categories such as setting default, simplification of function for easy conceptual model making, customization of function and working environment, and intuitive GUI in interaction process. The new MS windows GUI design can be accessed by novice mode when user login in window XP. This study has the significance in finding elderly users detailed needs through in-depth and long term participant observation. However, the usability of the suggested prototype needs to be verified to various user groups besides elderly users in the future.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.27-35
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• 2008

This work proposes a 14b 150MS/s 0.13um CMOS ADC for SDR systems requiring simultaneously high resolution, low power, and small size at high speed. The proposed ADC employs a calibration-free four-step pipeline architecture optimizing the scaling factor for the input trans-conductance of amplifiers and the sampling capacitance in each stage to minimize thermal noise effects and power consumption at the target resolution and sampling rate. A signal- insensitive 3-D fully symmetric layout achieves a 14b level resolution by reducing a capacitor mismatch of three MDACs. The proposed supply- and temperature- insensitive current and voltage references with on-chip RC filters minimizing the effect of switching noise are implemented with off-chip C filters. The prototype ADC in a 0.13um 1P8M CMOS technology demonstrates a measured DNL and INL within 0.81LSB and 2.83LSB, at 14b, respectively. The ADC shows a maximum SNDR of 64dB and 61dB and a maximum SFDR of 71dB and 70dB at 120MS/s and 150MS/s, respectively. The ADC with an active die area of $2.0mm^2$ consumes 140mW at 150MS/s and 1.2V.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.11 s.353
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• pp.58-68
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• 2006

This work proposes a 10b 250MS/s $1.8mm^2$ 85mW 0.13um CMOS A/D Converter (ADC) for high-performance integrated systems such as next-generation DTV and WLAN simultaneously requiring low voltage, low power, and small area at high speed. The proposed 3-stage pipeline ADC minimizes chip area and power dissipation at the target resolution and sampling rate. The input SHA maintains 10b resolution with either gate-bootstrapped sampling switches or nominal CMOS sampling switches. The SHA and two MDACs based on a conventional 2-stage amplifier employ optimized trans-conductance ratios of two amplifier stages to achieve the required DC gain, bandwidth, and phase margin. The proposed signal insensitive 3-D fully symmetric capacitor layout reduces the device mismatch of two MDACs. The low-noise on-chip current and voltage references can choose optional off-chip voltage references. The prototype ADC is implemented in a 0.13um 1P8M CMOS process. The measured DNL and INL are within 0.24LSB and 0.35LSB while the ADC shows a maximum SNDR of 54dB and 48dB and a maximum SFDR of 67dB and 61dB at 200MS/s and 250MS/s, respectively. The ADC with an active die area of $1.8mm^2$ consumes 85mW at 250MS/s at a 1.2V supply.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.44-49
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of auditory cues in the form of a metronome on gait initiation (GI) in Parkinson's disease (PD). 2 patients (mean age: 54 yrs) with idiopathic PD participated in the study. All patients (Hoehn and Yahr disability score of 2.0) were tested in the "on" state approximately 1.5 hours following the administration and fully responding to their PD medications. Subjects first initiated walking at self-initiated speeds to determine their cadences. Then, subjects were asked to initiate gait along the walkway while keeping pace with a metronome. The metronome rate (in beats/min) was set at a cadence 85% (slow condition), 100% (normal condition) and 115% (fast condition) of gait for each subject. Subjects were able to increase the speed of GI with faster cadence, but the speed of GI for the slow condition was similar to that of the normal condition. Swing toe-off was 578.3 ms for the fast condition, 709.4 ms for the normal condition and 736.2 ms for the slow condition. Respective times for swing heel-strike were 894.3 ms, 1110.2 ms and 1119.1 ms, and stance toe-off were 1105.4 ms, 1338.5 ms, and 1343.1 ms. Except for stance unloading ground reaction forces were greatest for the fast condition and smallest for the slow condition. It appears that PD patients were able to modulate GRFs and temporal events in response to auditory cues to achieve the peak acceleration force of the swing and stance limb. The findings from this study provided preliminary data, which could be used to investigate how PD patients modulate GRFs and temporal events during GI in response to tasks.