• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.460-467
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 양액재배 시 발생되는 폐양액의 적절한 농업적 이용방안을 강구하기 위해 폐양액의 비료 효과시험, 토양컬럼 시험, 그리고 작물 재배시험을 수행하였다. 폐양액의 비료 효과시험은 무기질소를 기준으로 질소비료와 폐양액의 토양 처리에 따른 열무의 생육특성과 토양의 화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 폐양액 비료 효과시험과 작물 재배시험을 위한 토양에 대한 폐양액의 처리는 무처리; A, 질소비료 100%; B, 질소비료 70%+폐양액 30%; C, 질소비료 50%+폐양액 50%; D, 질소비료 30%+폐양액 70%; E 총 5개 처리구로 하였다. 토양컬럼 시험을 위한 토양에 대한 폐양액의 처리는 무처리, 질소비료 100%, 폐양액 50%+질소비료 50% 3개 처리구로 하였다. 폐양액의 화학성은 pH 6.0, EC 2.4dS·m^-1, 총인(T-P) 28mg·L^-1, 암모늄태 질소(NH₄-N) 5.0mg·L^-1, 질산태 질소(NO₃-N) 301mg·L^-1로 나타났다. 토양의 화학성은 pH 5.51, EC 0.31dS·m^-1, 유기물 2.08g·kg^-1, 질산태 질소 9.64mg·kg^-1, 암모늄태 질소 3.20mg·kg^-1으로 나타났다. 질소비료 50% 이하와 폐양액 50% 이상의 비율이 열무 생육에 효과가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 폐양액을 질소비료와 함께 혼합하여 적용한 C-E 처리구에서 토양의 이화학성은 질소비료만을 적용한 B 처리구와 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 토양컬럼 시험 결과 질소비료 100%와 폐양액 50%+질산비료 50% 처리구의 NO₃와 NH₄의 농도는 큰차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 폐양액을 화학비료의 표준시비량을 기준으로 이용하여 토양에 처리하면 토양 내 질소 성분의 이동과 주변의 영향은 일반 화학비료와 유사하게 나타나는 것으로 판단된다. 열무 토경재배에 폐양액과 질소비료를 혼합하여 사용하면 폐양액의 재이용으로 환경적 부담도 줄일 수 있고, 질소비료의 사용량도 줄일 수 있어 농가에 경제적 부담 감소와 열무 생산량 증대 효과도 기대할 수 있다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.835-850
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• 2014

The fire resistance of composite steel and concrete structures may be determined by using the simplified methods provided in EN 1994-1-2. For the particular situations not covered by the standard, an advanced calculation model might be applied, using special purpose programs for the analysis of structures in fire. The validation of these programs has always been an important issue for software developers, but also for designers and authorities. Clause 4.4.4 from EN 1994-1-2 refers to the validation of the advanced calculation models and states that these models must be validated through relevant test results. The paper presents the calculation of fire resistance of the composite columns in a high-rise building built in Romania, and focusses on the validation of the calculation model (computer program SAFIR), for this particular case. This validation, asked by the Romanian authorities, considers the available experimental results of a fire test, performed on a similar composite steel-concrete column.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2007

The bark of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. was collected, extracted with acetone-$H_2O$ (7:3, v/v), fractioned with n-hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$ and EtOAc, then each fraction was freeze-dried to give some powders. A portion of the EtOAc (28.4 g) fraction was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column eluting with a series of MeOH-$H_2O$ and EtOH-hexane mixture. Four gallotannins, gallic acid (1), ellagic acid (2), 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-${\beta}$-D-glucose (3) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-${\beta}$-D-glucose (4), have been isolated from the EtOAc fraction Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical evidence and spectrometric analysis such as NMR and MS. The antioxidant activities on each fraction and the isolated gallotannins were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging test.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.454-463
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• 2024

Background: Panax quinquefolius L, widely recognized for its valuable contributions to medicine, has aroused considerable attention globally. Different from the extensive research has been dedicated to the root of P. quinquefolius, its berry has received relatively scant focus. Given its promising medicinal properties, this study was focused on the structural characterizations and anti-inflammatory potential of acidic polysaccharides from the P. quinquefolius berry. Materials and methods: P. quinquefolius berry was extracted with hot water, precipitated by alcohol, separated by DEAE-52-cellulose column to give a series of fractions. One of these fractions was further purified via Sephadex G-200 column to give three fractions. Then, the main fraction named as AGBP-A3 was characterized by methylation analysis, NMR spectroscopy, etc. Its anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by RAW 264.7 cell model, zebrafish model and molecular docking. Results: The main chain comprised of α-L-Rhap, α-D-GalAp and β-D-Galp, while the branch consisted mainly of α-L-Araf, β-D-Glcp, α-D-GalAp, β-D-Galp. The RAW264.7 cell assay results showed that the inhibition rates against IL-6 and IL-1β secretion at the concentration of 625 ng/mL were 24.83 %, 11.84 %, while the inhibition rate against IL-10 secretion was 70.17 % at the concentration of 312 ng/mL. In the zebrafish assay, the migrating neutrophils were significantly reduced in number, and their migration to inflammatory tissues was inhibited. Molecular docking predictions correlated well with the results of the anti-inflammatory assay. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the structure of acidic polysaccharides of P. quinquefolius berry and their effect on inflammation, providing a reference for screening anti-inflammatory drugs.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2007년도 학술발표회
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• pp.27-31
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• 2007

This study relates to low and medium molecular weight isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan produced by submerged liquid culture of Agaricus blazei, a method of producing the isoflavone-B-D-glucan using autolysis enzyme of Agaricus blazei mycelia, and use of the isoflavone-B-D-glucan for anti-cancer and immunoenhancing effect. In acordance with one aspect of the present study, it deals with a method of producing isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan, which comprises the followings; 1) culturing and separating mushroom mycelia, 2) producing low-medium molecular weight isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan from high molecular weight one. The cytotoxicity on human cnacer cell line (Caco-2, MCF-7), the expression of Cyclin D, Bcl-2, Bax protein, p21 protein, p53 protein in MCF-7 cells assessed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting, and other immuno related factors such as TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-1B activities were examined. Structural identification of isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan which showed cytotoxicity against cancer cell and immunoenhancing effects was carried by separation with DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, TLC, HPLC, IR, NMR. Clinical test for the cancer patients (n=119) for 6 month was carried out, and immunoenhancing factors (NK. cell number, ratio of T4/T8) were checked. We concluded the identified isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan has immuno enhancing effects and could be useful for cancer chemoprevention.

• 식품저장과 가공산업
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.11-13
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• 2007

This study relates to low and medium molecular weight isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan produced by submerged liquid culture of Agaricus blazei, a method of producing the isoflavone-B-D-glucan using autolysis enzyme of Agaricus blazei mycelia, and use of the isoflavone-B-D-glucan for anti-cancer and immunoenhancing effect. In acordance with one aspect of the present study, it deals with a method of producing isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan, which comprises the followings; 1) culturing and separating mushroom mycelia, 2) producing low-medium molecular weight isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan from high molecular weight one. The cytotoxicity on human cnacer cell line (Caco-2, MCF-7), the expression of Cyclin D, Bcl-2, Bax protein, p21 protein, p53 protein in MCF-7 cells assessed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting, and other immuno related factor such as TNF-a and IL-1B activities were examined. Structural identification of isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan which shoed cytotoxicity against cancer cell and immunoenhancing effects was carried by separation with DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, TLC, HPLC, IR, NMR, Clinical test for the cancer patients (n=119) for 6 month was carried out, and immunoenhancing factors(NK cell number, ratio of T4/T8) were checked. We concluded the identified isoflavone-${\beta}$-D-glucan has immuno enhancing effects and could be useful for cancer chemoprevention.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제20권A호
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• pp.269-278
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• 2000

The pressure-time profile of the explosion gases can controlled for the use of cartridge explosive with two techniques known as Decoupling and spacing of the charges. Decoupling consists of a space between the explosive column and wall of the blast hole. Four different decoupling index 1.4, 1.8, 2.34, 3.0 are selected in this field study. The level of ground vibrations with each decoupling index was measured and the empirical particle velocity equation from these data was obtained. The condition of new cracks at blast hole are also examined. As the decoupling index is increased, the level of the blast vibration is decreased. But the cracks in rock masses are efficiently formed to remove the broken rock. The vibration constant associated with test sites is given as $K=1564.5(D.L)^{-1.3233}$ in terms of D.I.(decoupling index).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.384-389
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• 2004

$100^{\circ}C$에서 반응시켜 2, 4, 6, 8시간의 갈변도 변화는 ${\beta}-1,4-mannobiose$와 urea의 반응혼합물이 시간의 경과함에 따라 강한 착색도의 증가를 나타냈으나 phenylthiourea, thiourea의 반응액은 착색속도가 늦었다. 같은 조건하에서 $Gal^3Man_4$와 urea 관련화합물의 각 반응혼합물의 갈변도를 나타낸 것으로 urea가 강한 착색도의 중가를 보였고 phenylthiourea, thiourea의 반응액은 비교적 높은 착색도를 보였다. DP 7의 galactosyl mannooligosaccharide와의 각 반응혼합물의 갈변도는 urea의 반응액이 강한 착색을 보였으며 phenylthiourea, thiourea의 반응액의 순으로 착색를 나타내었다. 반응혼합물의 TLC 결과에서 ${\beta}-1,4-mannobiose$와 urea의 반응혼합물 이외에 phenylthiourea, thiourea의 반응액은 새로운 화합물이 생성되었고, $Gal^3Man_4$와 D.P 7 galactosyl manooligosaccharide와의 반응혼합물에서는 모든 반응액에서 새로운 화합물이 출현되었다. 반응혼합물의 환원력은 urea관련화합물 중에서 특히 phenylthiourea, thiourea가 ${\beta}-1,4-mannobiose,\;Gal^3Man_4$, DP 7의 galactosyl manooligosaccharide와의 반응혼합물에서 강한 환원력이 나타났다. Linoleic acid에 대한 반응혼합물의 항산화력 측정에서 ${\beta}-1,4-mannobiose$와 thiourea의 반응혼합물의 항산화력이 Ascorbic acid(AsA)수준의 항산화력을 나타내었고, $Gal^3Man_4$와 thiourea, phenylthiourea의 반응혼합물은 AsA와 유사한 항산화능을 나타내었다. DP 7의 galactosyl manooligosaccharide와 thiourea, phenylthiourea의 반응혼합물의 항산화력은 AsA에 미치지는 못하였다. ${\beta}-1,4-Mannobiose$와 thiourea, phenylthiourea의 반응혼합물이 강한 전자공여능을 나타내고 있고, $Gal^3Man_4$와 phenylthiourea의 반응혼합물 및 D.P 7의 galactosyl manooligosaccharide와 phenylthiourea와의 반응혼합물이 전자공여능을 나타내고 있다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.235-248
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• 2020

Progressive collapse in a structure occurs when load bearing members are failed and the adjoining structural elements cannot resist the redistributed forces and fails subsequently, that leads to complete collapse of structure. Recently, construction using precast concrete technology is adopted increasingly because it offers many advantages like faster construction, less requirement of skilled labours at site, reduced formwork and scaffolding, massive production with reduced amount of construction waste, better quality and better surface finishing as compared to conventional reinforced concrete construction. Connections are the critical elements for any precast structure, because in past, major collapse of precast structure took place because of connection failure. In this study, behavior of four different precast wet connections with U shaped reinforcement bars provided at different locations is evaluated. Reduced 1/3^rd scale precast beam column assemblies having two span beam and three columns with removed middle column are constructed and examined by performing experiments. The response of precast connections is compared with monolithic connection, under column removal scenario. The connection region of test specimens are filled by cast-in-place micro concrete with and without polypropylene fibers. Performance of specimen is evaluated on the basis of ultimate load carrying capacity, maximum deflection at the location of removed middle column, crack formation and failure propagation. Further, Finite element (FE) analysis is carried out for validation of experimental studies and understanding the performance of structural components. Monolithic and precast beam column assemblies are modeled using non-linear Finite Element (FE) analysis based software ABAQUS. Actual experimental conditions are simulated using appropriate boundary and loading conditions. Finite Element simulation results in terms of load versus deflection are compared with that of experimental study. The nonlinear FE analysis results shows good agreement with experimental results.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.528-532
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• 2012

국내에서 발생되는 인산석고를 매립성토재로 활용 가능성과 수중생물인 담수조류, 해조류 및 물벼룩에 미치는 생물독성을 평가하였다. 인산석고 혼합에 따라 담수조류의 비성장속도는 대체적으로 해조류에 비해 높았으며, PG30 조건에서는 담수조류 성장이 1.7배 정도 컸다. 물벼룩의 경우는 PG50에서는 다소의 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 평균 독성값(TU)값이 0.3으로 독성기준치 1 이하로 나타나 인산석고에서 발생하는 침출수의 영향이 거의 없는 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구를 통하여 인산석고를 일반토사와 혼합할 경우, 환경학적으로 폐기물 재활용기준을 만족하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 3가지 생물의 독성 실험결과 PG30 조건에서 매립성토재로 사용할 경우 생물독성의 영향이 미미할 것으로 판단된다.