• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 2010

The effect of forging condition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 9Cr-1Mo heat-resisting steel was investigated. Microstructure of centrifugal casted 9Cr-1Mo heat resisting steel and forged heat resisting steel are consisted of martensite. With the increase of forging ratio, tensile strength and hardness increased, while elongation and impact value decreased. By increasing of forging starting temperature and finishing temperature, tensile strength and hardness increased, while elongation and impact value decreased. We obtained the optimum forging conditions as follow, forging ratio is 30%, forging starting temperature is $1200^{\circ}C$ and forging finishing temperature is $950^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.156-162
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• 2010

The modified 9Cr-1Mo steel (P91 steel) is very popular as a boiler tube material of the USC (Ultra-Supercritical) power plants. The steels were tempered in the temperature range of 400 to $650^{\circ}C$ and the mechanical tests, such as impact and hardness tersts were performed at the room temperature for the tempered steels. A drop in the impact value (embrittlement) and the hardeness increase were simultanously observed in the range of temperature between $475^{\circ}C$ and $600^{\circ}C$, particularly at $550^{\circ}C$. TEM observation shows the hardening was caused by $M_2C$, resulting in the embrittlement. And the maximum volume fraction of $M_3C$ was also observed at $550^{\circ}C$, Therefore, the embrittlement seems to be caused by both the $M_2C$ and $M_3C$.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.375-380
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• 2021

In this study, we investigate the effect of the duration of mechanical alloying on the microstructures and mechanical properties of ODS ferritic/martensitic steel. The Fe(bal.)-10Cr-1Mo pre-alloyed powder and Y₂O₃ powder are mechanically alloyed for the different mechanical alloying duration (0 to 40 h) and then constantly fabricated using a uniaxial hot pressing process. Upon increasing the mechanical alloying time, the average powder diameter and crystallite size increased dramatically. In the initial stages within 5 h of mechanical alloying, inhomogeneous grain morphology is observed along with coarsened carbide and oxide distributions; thus, precipitate phases are temporarily observed between the two powders because of insufficient collision energy to get fragmented. After 40 h of the MA process, however, fine martensitic grains and uniformly distributed oxide particles are observed. This led to a favorable tensile strength and elongation at room temperature and 650℃.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.283-289
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• 2009

This paper dealt with a statistical analysis for evaluating the creep crack growth rate (CCGR) for Modified 9Cr-1Mo (ASTM Grade 91) steel. The CCGR data was obtained by the creep crack growth (CCG) tests conducted under various applied loads at $600^{\circ}C$. To obtain logically the B and q values used in the CCGR equation, three methods such as the least square fitting method (LSFM), the mean value method (MVM) and the probabilistic distribution method (PDM) were adopted and their CCGR lines were compared, respectively. In addition, a number of random variables were generated by using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), and the CCGR lines were predicted probabilistically. It was found that both the B and q coefficients followed a 2-parameter Weibull distribution well. In the case of the ranges of 10-90% for the probability variables, P(B, q), the CCGR lines were predicted. Fractographic study was conducted from the specimen after the CCG tests.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.517-522
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the thermal embrittlement and the mechanical properties of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel aged at high temperature and stress for 250 hours. Original, aged artificially material were tested to obtain the hardness and impact absorbed energy. Hardness and impact absorbed energy decreased with the increasing aging time. The carbide morphology with the thermal embrittlement was found to contribute to the mechanical property change by X-Ray diffraction method.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.65-66
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• 2005

In order to evaluate disbonding properties caused by hydrogen on the Electro Slag Strip Welding for 1.25Cr-0.5Mo steel, two kinds of welding consumables were selected and tested under the disbonding condition of $97.2kgf/cm^{2}$ at $425^{\circ}C$. Chemical composition of the welds showed that they have similar chemical compositions. The microsturucture investigation, however, indicated that 'A' weld has high ratio of coarse grain area, while B weld has low. Disbonding results showed that high ratio coarse grain welds showed unacceptable, while low ratio coarse grain welds showed acceptable.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.29-34
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• 2010

As the steam temperature of fossil power plant boiler is increasing, the use of 9Cr-1Mo high alloy material is prevalent and it is needed to investigate the characteristics of low cycle fatigue for high alloy and austenite stainless steel that has used up to recently. As a result of test, in 9Cr-1Mo high alloy steel, the relation of strain and fatigue life is non-linear and the crack mode of low cycle fatigue is brittle but in the austenite stainless steel, that of strain and fatigue life is linear and the crack mode of low cycle fatigue is ductile. Comparing the fatigue life between high alloy and austenite stainless steel, there is no consistent characteristics as to strains. But the fatigue life of 9Cr-1Mo steel is longer by 25% than that of STS304 stainless steel in the relatively low, 0.3% strain. In the other strain, the fatigue life of two materials is similar.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2003

Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) was applied to the determination of Ni, Cr, Mo in low alloy steel reference materials. The Mo isotope ratio measurement was performed by dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (DRC-ICP/MS) using ammonia as a reaction cell gas. In the case of Ni and Cr measurement, all data were obtained at medium resolution mode (m/${\Delta}m=3000$) of double focusing sector field high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP/MS). For the method validation of the technique was assessed using the certified reference materials such as NIST SRM 361, NIST SRM 362, NIST SRM 363, NIST SRM 364, NIST SRM 36b. This method was applied to the determination of Ni, Cr and Mo in low alloy steel sample (CCQM-P25) provided by NMIJ for international comparison study.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 1990.04a
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• pp.122-127
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• 1990

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.251-257
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• 2011

This paper deals with the statistical properties of parameters B and q in the creep crack growth rate (CCGR) law, da/dt=B$(C^*)^q$, in Mod. 9Cr-1Mo (ASME Gr.91) steel which is considered a candidate materials for fabricating next generation nuclear reactors. The CCGR data were obtained by creep crack growth (CCG) tests performed on 1/2-inch compact tension (CT) specimens under an applied load of 5000N at a temperature of $600^{\circ}C$. The CCG behavior was analyzed statistically using the empirical equation between CCGR, da/dt and the creep fracture mechanics parameter, $C^*$. The B and q values were determined for each specimen by the least-squares fitting method. The probability distribution functions for B and q were investigated using normal, log-normal, and Weibull distributions. As far as this study is considered, it can be appeared that B and q followed the log-normal and Weibull distributions. Moreover, a strong positive linear correlation was found between B and q.