• 노동경제논집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.35-66
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• 2001

본 연구는 한국노동패널조사의 1~2차 자료를 이용하여, 외환위기 전후 한국 노동시장의 불안정성(instability) 정도와 그 변화를 측정하고 있다. 한국과 미국의 노동시장 불안정성 정도를 비교 분석하기 위해, 미국 노동시장의 불안정성(instability)을 계측하려는 논문들과 가능한 동일한 방법으로 한국노동패널자료를 재구성하였다. 실증분석 결과 1995-99년 한국 노동시장의 4년 직장유지율(job retention rate)은 미국 1980~90년대의 최저치를 하회하는 매우 낮은 수준으로 나타나, 한국 노동시장의 불안정성이 상대적으로 심각함을 알 수 있었다. 한국 노동시장에서 보이는 독특한 양태는 근속기간이 증가해 감에 따라 4년 직장유지율이 점증하다가 9년 이상 15년 미만의 근속기간을 정점으로 다시 하락하는 역U자 모양을 따른다는 점이다. 1995~97년과 1997~99년의 두 상이한 기간을 대상으로 2년 직장유지율의 변화를 살펴본 결과, 외환위기의 영향이 거의 모든 계층에서 나타났다. 특히 장기근속자일수록, 비정규직일수록, 고연령층일수록, 그리고 생산직과 서비스 판매직에서 2년 직장유지율이 큰 폭으로 하락한 것으로 나타나, 외환위기 이후 한국 노동시장 불안정성이 특정 계층을 중심으로 더욱 심화되었음을 알 수 있었다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.158-167
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 투입산출 구조분해분석을 통해 도시가스산업의 성장요인을 분석하는 것이다. 산업연관표에 기초한 Syrquin의 분석모형을 활용하여 1995-2000-2005-2009 기간 동안 우리나라 도시가스산업의 성장요인을 분석하였다. 기간별 산출액 변동요인을 (a)국내 최종수요 증가 효과 (b)수출증가 효과 (c)최종재 수입대체 효과 (d)중간재 수입대체 효과 (e)기술변화 효과 등 5개로 분해하였다. 분석결과, 1995-2009 기간동안 성장기여율이 가장 큰 요인은 (a)국내 최종수요 증가효과(48.4%)와 (e)기술변화 효과(38.6%)인 것으로 나타났다. 1995-2000, 2000-2005, 2005-2009 세 기간별 분석결과, (a)국내 최종수요 증가효과는 점차 감소($84.5%{\rightarrow}18.9%{\rightarrow}15.4%$)하고 있었고, (e)기술변화효과는 상승($7.4%{\rightarrow}70.0%{\rightarrow}42.2%$)하는 양상을 보이고 있었다. 최종수요 기여율의 변화 이유는 1980년대 도시가스 보급이 시작되면서 민간분야의 수요가 지속적으로 확대되다가 1998년 외환위기 이후 성장세의 둔화 및 수요포화 현상과 관련이 있고, 기술변화 기여율 변화 이유는 산업 활동에 있어서 에너지 수급방식이 석탄, 석유 등 전통적인 방식에서 천연가스 등 친환경적 에너지를 사용하는 방식으로 바뀌어 가고 있는 양상을 반영한다고 볼 수 있다. 분석결과 도시가스산업의 성장견인 요인의 중심이 국내 최종수요확대에서 기술변화로 옮겨 가고 있으므로, 친환경적 도시가스산업의 지속적인 성장을 위해서는 주거 주택용보다 산업 활동에서의 도시가스 인프라 확대를 고려할 필요가 있다는 정책적 함의를 지닐 수 있다.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제8권
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• pp.241-266
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• 2005

Current information-oriented society is expanding rapidly with the huge change to our society from the information revolution emerged in mid '50s. Information technique such as computer, communication satellite and cable technology play their in this information-oriented society, and in 1980s, digital technique was adopted to media, inviting new phenomenon in communication of overall society. Expectations and hope for new trends and changes from digital era flourished when we entered into new Millenium, the 21st century. Since then we have gone through changes in years from analogue to digital. Now the word 'digital' is conceived in unified manner in almost every fields and influences overall society, changing our life pattern rapidly. Modern society had demanded some speedy and bidirectional communication tool in shifting digital era, and resulted from that was a new culture, Now the society changes more and more quickly under the speedy information sharing. From that perspective we need to establish the aspects of sensibility expression, which is one feature of the communication. The sensibility-oriented digital was originated from the human nature, which counts emotion and composure much. To satisfy the human nature a new cultural value which transcend a traditional one is needed. And the sensitivity expression to meet the need is one communication tendency in digital era. Digital era has totally different social qualities from that of analogue era. In digital era, prompt respond to rapid change and creativity combined with sensitivity are needed. Therefore a man with sensitivity would be more outstanding than a man of intelligence. The picture of digital and analogue in our society consists of two axis one is analogue axis like retrospective trend, admiration for nature , oriental thought etc. , and the other is the digital axis of internet and information technology. Sensibility can be widely interpreted as analogue thinking. It is surely different from the plain retrospective trend or nostalgia for past. It is a tendency that digital technology is used and cooperated with the emotion in human nature, In this paper we suggest the sensitivity expressions in detail through the study cases including both sides of digital and sensitivity expressions such as 'Bravo your life' advertising campaign of Samsung Insurance, MP3 advertising campaign, and 'Mini-homepage' of Cyworld. Under the circumstances the main direction of communication is oriented to human. This study's purpose is to think the true meaning of this digital era, to overcoming its weaknesses, such as over-dependency on technique and selfish individualism and to harmonize digital and sensitivity expression. The sensitivity-oriented expression than the reason-oriented one is expected to be put forth in whole media, and this is a more efficient tendency under the shifting digital era.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.267-276
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• 2016

Objectives: This study, aims to examine the distribution characteristics of asbestos-containing building materials; risk assessment and area of distribution of asbestos-containing building materials depending on year of construction; building materials; types of building materials; and usage in public buildings in order to create fundamental data for safe management of public buildings. Methods: The asbestos investigation was conducted by an asbestos research institution from March to May 2014, targeting 41 public buildings which were subject to asbestos investigation in South Chungcheong-do Province. With respect to 381 presumed asbestos-containing materials, an investigation was conducted into whether they contained asbestos, asbestos type, content, year of construction, and use in the building were examined, and a risk assessment was performed. Results: Asbestos-containing building materials were used in 35 buildings(85.4%). Among them, 31(88.6%) were public buildings. Asbestos was detected in 73% of 381 suspected asbestos-containing materials, which were mostly ceiling materials (85.2%). The older the buildings, the more they showed a tendency to have a significantly higher risk assessment score. The ratio of average area with asbestos-containing building materials to total floor area was 57.6%, 44.1%, and 17.8% for buildings built in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, respectively. This showed a tendency to be significantly higher with the age of the building. Conclusions: From the results above, it can be concluded that with the age of the buildings, the risk assessment score and the ratio of average area with asbestos-containing building materials to total floor area became significantly higher. Given the concern about the exposure to asbestos of residents and civil petitioners, safety management of older public buildings and measures for dismantling and removal of asbestos-containing building materials should therefore be urgently established.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 1980

1. Sodium tetrahydrofurfuryl thiosulphate 제조(製造)에 사용(使用)하는 KI를 사용(使用)하지 않아도 무방(無妨)하다. 2. Thiamine 유도체를 제조(製造)함에있어 thiothiamine(SB_1)$에서 출발(出發)하는 방법(方法)이 $thiamine{\cdot}HCI$에서 출발(出發)하는 방법(方法)에 비(比)하여 득량(得量), 순도면(純度面)에서 손색이 없였다. 3.자외흡수(紫外吸收) spectrum의 최대흡수(最大吸收)는 TTFD는 PH 3.4에서 $244{\sim}246nm$, pH 10.9에서 $234{\sim}285nm$을, (TPD)는 pH 3.4에서 $245{\sim}246nm$, pH 10.9에서 $233{\sim}235nm$을 각각 나타내었다. 4. 적외흡수(赤外吸收) spectrum는 각흡수대(各吸收帶)가 지시(指示)하는 관능기(官能基)로써 TTFD, TPD의 화학구조(化學構造)를 지지(支持)할 수 있다. 5. Box-wilson 계획(計劃)에 따라 TTFD의 제조최적조반(製造最適條伴)은 다음과 같다. a. Thiol형(型) $B_1$의 수용액(水溶液)의 pH는 12.09 b. $B_1{\cdot}HCl$ 20g에 대하여 Bunte's salt 양(量)은 35.01g c. 반응온도(反應溫度) $15.59^{\circ}C$. 6. TTFD, TPD 원료자체정량(原料自體定量)에는 비수적정법(非水滴定法)이 좋고 그의 제제(製劑)의 정량(定量)에는 흡광도법(吸光度法)이 간편(簡便)하고 재현성(再現性)이 있었다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1999

한국의 섬유산업은 저임금을 수단으로 1960년도에서 1980년도 중반까지 국내 수출의 큰 기여를 하여옴과 동시에 경제발전에 이바지하여 왔다. 그러나, 1988년을 계기로 국내외의 경제여건의 큰 변동으로 인하여 저임금의 무기로 하청업 위주의 생산방식이 더 이상 국제시장에서 통하지 않게 되었다. 그러므로 한국섬유제품은 양적인 면에서 질적인 면으로 전환되어야 하며, 저가품생산의 가격위주에서 벗어나 중,고가품생산의 제품위주로 변환되어야 한다. 고부가가치제품의 창출을 위하여는 신소재개발, 염색 및 가공의 혁신과 텍스타일디자인 질의 향상이 함께 이루어져야 한다. 어패럴, 홈퍼니싱, 도메스틱스 그리고 컨트랙트시장의 넓은 국내외의 시장의 석권을 위하여 국내의 텍스타일 디자인의 교육방안이 좀 더 다양해져야 하며, 학생들의 적성에 맞는 세부 전공을 추구할 수 있도록 선택의 여지를 부여해 주어야만 한다. 교육계는 미비한 시설을 강화하여 선진국에 못지 않는 교과목의 재정비가 필요하며, 업체와 교육계는 더욱 더 긴밀한 유대관계를 지녀 학생들의 인턴쉽 제도가 가능하도록 하여 이들에게 졸업전에 산업현장의 이해도를 증진시켜주며, 산업계는 교육계에 기자재 및 섬유, 직물 등의 기증과 교육계는 아이디아 제공 등을 통해 상호협조 해야만 한다. 또한 이러한 재도가 현실화되도록 정부의 적극적인 후원이 필요하다. 디자인의 창조는 문화의 창조에 기인되며, 새로운 문화의 창조는 국민의 의식을 고양시키는 교육에 먼저 기인되며, 국민에게 디자인의식을 심어주기 위하는 첫 번째 단계는 교육에 있음을 정부와 학계가 인정하고 실천해 나가야 할 것이다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.31-51
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• 1980

In order to research into the devel of the concept of movement and speed in our own way and compare with the Piaget's method, and then find out the formative period of such development, we have put the 192 primary school children as the model and obtained the following results. 1. As their grade upyards, all the experimental subjects showed the gradual progress generally regardless of sex or regions, while only the relative speed showed irregular progress. 2. There was no experimental subject which showed any remarkable sexual characteristics. But in the relative movement, the lower grade boys and higher grade girls made progress. In the subjects of circulation movement, intuition of speed, relative speed and speed of simultaneous movement, the boys marked better progress, whilst the girls were advanced a little in the speed of continuous movement with, different distance and time. 3. There was no conspicuous difference between the urban and rural areas, except a slight tendency that the urban children made better progress in the change of progressing direction, native continuous procedure of periodical movement, travelling road, and the speed of continuous movement with different distance and time whereas the rural children were more advanced in the relative movement, relative speed and intuition of speed. But it should be 'taken into consideration that the rural regions in our case were relatively developed in comparison with the traditional rural communities, which may explain about little regional difference. 4. Comparing our research results with the Piaget's theory, we have reached below results. Our research reports that the formative period of the conception of the problems of diverse progressing direction and a native continuous procedure of periodical movement was simultaneous, at the Piagetian level(at the fourth grade) which coincides with Piagetian theory. The travelling road should be made up a little lower at 2A/2B according' to Piagetian Level, whereas it was formed at the 4th grade as shown in our previous research. Intuition of speed should belong to the prior stage to concrete operation, but our research shows it was formed late at the 4th grade. Composition of displacement was made at the 6th grade, and it was almost equal to the first stage of formal operation(3A). But in the subjects of relative movement relative speed, the speed of continuous movement with different distance and time, relation and preservation of invariable speed, and accelerated motion, even 6th grade children marked a poor record. Summed up, the procedure conception as a basic movement conception coincides with the Piagetion level. But as for speed intuition, relative speed and speed fixation, it was Jar behind Piagetian level. Therefore it is required that we have to concentrate on the systematic training in these parts on the spot.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.203-218
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to see what the essential characteristics are in teaching probability and statistics among various mathematical fields. we also tried to connect the study of probability and statistics education with what is needed for a science be synthetic to have its own identity as a unique research field. Since we searched for the future direction of the pedagogic study in the probability and statistics we first selected papers on probability and statistics published in (Series A), the Journal of Korea Society of Mathematical Education, and establish the following research questions. What kinds of characteristics can be found when papers on probability and statistics published in (Series A) are classified into low categories; contents of probability and statistics education, research method of the mathematics education, methods of teaming and teaching, and finally measurements and evaluation\ulcorner We classified papers into two kinds. One is related to the educational contents, consisting of the methods of learning and teaching, and of the measurement and evaluation. The other is reined to the methods of research, which is not a part of the educational curriculum but is essential for establishing the identity of mathematics education. According to the periods, papers on the curricular contents in 1960s were influenced by the New Mathematics, and papers on the curricular contents in 1980s were influenced by 'back to basic'. In 1990s, papers on methods of learning and teaching, and measurement md evaluation were increasing in number. Besides, (series A) from the Journal of Korea Society of Mathematical Education covers contents, methods of Loaming and teaching, and measurement and evaluation. And when I examined the papers on the contents of textbook of a junior high school related to the probability and statistics education and on methods of learning and teaching, 1 found that those papers occupy 1.84% in . When it comes to the methods of loaming and teaching, most of studies in (series A) are about application of concrete implement like experiment and practical application of computer programs, Through this study, I found that over-all and more active researches on probability and statistics are required and that the studies about methods of loaming and teaching must be made in diverse directions. It is needed that how students recognize probability and statistics, connection, communication and representation in probability and statistics context, too. (series A) does not have papers on methods of study. Mathematics pedagogy is a mixture of various studies - mathematical psychology, mathematical philosophy, the history of mathematics and Mathematics. So If there doesn't exist a proper method of study adequate in the situation for the mathematics education the issue of mathematics pedagogy might be taken its own place by that of other studies'. We must search for the unique method of study fur mathematics education so that mathematics pedagogy has its own identity as a study. The study concerning this aspect is needed.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1980

Chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA) has been used as a gallstone dissolving agent since 1972. Recently, ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) has been reported to be effective in dissolving gallstones. Both bile acids increased bile flow. The increase in bile flow associated with an increase in cholesterol level in bile after CDCA or UDCA infusion was reported. In this study, using the smooth muscle strips of guinea pig and fowl, responses of the cholates were observed. In addition, the influence of adrenergic blocking agents on the response of the strips to cholates was investigated. Also the effects of cholates on cardiac function were examined by using isolated atria of rabbit and heart of anesthetized frog. The results are as follows: 1) All cholates, such as UDCA, CDCA, and CA produced a marked inhibitory effect on the motility in isolated duodenal strip of guinea pig and fowl, however, only UDCA showed the contraction in the isolated esophagus of fowl. These effects of cholates were blocked by propranolol. 2) In isolated guinea pig stomach strip and gall bladder, cholates exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on the motility and the effects due to UDCA and CA were blocked by phenoxybenzamine while CDCA was not affected. 3) The spontaneous and ouabain induced arrhythmia was partially abolished by cholates. However, concomitant administration of cholates with ouabain or epinephrine caused a marked prolongation in occurrence of atrial arrhythmia in comparison with ouabain or epinephrine alone in isolated rabbit atria. 4) In the heart of anesthetized frog, the epinephrine-induced arrhythmia was partially abolished by cholates. The combined treatment with cholates and ouabain or epinephrine produced a marked prolongation in occurrence of the arrhythmia in comparison with, ouabain or epinephrine alone. From the above results, it can be suggested that the effects of cholates on the smooth muscle of duodenum and esophagus are produced in response to adrenergic ${\beta}$-receptor and the effect or gall bladder and stomach is more likely due to the direct effect on the muscle. In addition, cholates exhibit a slight antiarrhythmic effect on heart, therefore, cholates can be classified as a nonselective antiarrhythmic drug, such as propranolol.

• 아동학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.1-14
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• 1980

The purpose of this study was to survey the degree of awareness and practice concerning prenatal care among Korean women. In this study, 626women in Seoul, Sungnam City, and Yangju Kun were randomly selected to be given a questionare that was formulated by the researcher. The statistical analysis of the data was obtained by percentage scores and $X^2$ scores on each item by age, educational background, and regional areas. The general out come of the study were as follows. A. The Practice of Prenatal Care 1. Physical Activities: Concerning the hard work, about a half of the women took care of it by themselves, and the others treated it with help. Also it was found that they tried to reduce the amount of travel as much as possible during pregnancy. 2. Dietary Intake: It was revealed that no significant change were observed before and during pregnancy. 3. Drugs: It was revealed that they tried to avoid drugs as much as possible during pregnancy. 4. Emotion: About a half of the women said that the family atmosphere did not change before and during pregnancy. The others said it had improved after pregnancy. In their spare time, most pregnant women rested in bed, read books, and listened to music. 5. Husband's Support: Most of the women expressed that they needed thief-husband's support absolutely, especially with hard work. They moderated the sexual activities when they found that they were pregnant. B. Degree of awareness for Prenatal Care 1. Perception of Prenatal Care: Most women heard about prenatal care at least one time through family, friend, or mass-media. 2. Necessity of Prenatal Care: Most women recognized the necessity of prenatal care, and they thought that the relaxation of body and mind was important during pregnancy. 3. Influence of Prenatal Care: It was revealed that most women recognized the positive influence of prenatal care to the neonate. 4. Practice of Prenatal Care: It shown that the most of pregnant women took serious interest in prenatal care and they tended to be careful during pregnancy. Generally speaking, the difference in educational background seemed to affect most to the pregnant women's awareness and practice of prenatal care: the higher the educational achievement, the more cautious about the prenatal care. The difference in region seemed to affect considerably in most aspects of practice: women in urban areas preceeded the rural women in prenatal care. The age difference seemed to affect least in their prenatal care except the younger generation took more care in avoiding the use of drugs.