• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-38
• /
• 2020

This paper examines how South Korean government regulators and environmental scientists endeavored to improve the environmental quality of Seoul in preparation for the Olympic Games in 1988. When Seoul was nominated as a host city of the Summer Games in 1981, it was suffering from severe environmental pollution. The municipal government of Seoul and the Ministry of Environment initiated a series of pollution survey projects, which were followed by relevant regulatory procedures. One of the outcomes of these projects was the beginning of odor pollution regulation that used the Environmental Official Testing Method. Although the Pollution Prevention Act of 1963 made odor pollution such as unpleasant order, stench, and stink subject to environmental regulation, proper administrative procedures to reduce odor pollution were not in place until the 1980s. In order to reduce odor pollution in urban areas, governmental officers and environmental scientists tried to regulate odor-causing chemicals from factories. In June 1988, however, severe odor pollution was detected not from factories but from unregulated areas in Seoul, such as the waterside parks of the Han river, the downtown, and the marketplaces. The local regulators and scientists were concerned that the odor pollution could make a "wrong" impression on foreign athletes and visitors about the degree of "modernity" of Korea. This paper shows that the 1988 Summer Olympics was a transition point in the early history of odor regulation in South Korea, when the scope of odor regulation could be expanded.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.64 no.4
• /
• pp.337-357
• /
• 2012

This study explores a changing social expenditure structure of welfare states on new social risks, using logistic regression analysis with Panel Corrected Standard Errors Model on panel data of 1997-2007 years from 27 OECD nations. The result of this study presents that social expenditure structures have been adjusted with new social risk structure due to trade openness, female employment rates, and child population rates. Greater trade openness, higher women's employment rates, and lower child population rates are, more social investment expenditures are than income security expenditures. Rates of employment in service industries and elderly population rates are not statistically significant on the change of social expenditure structure. This result does not imply a complete switch from demand-based to supply-based social policy, but somewhat reflects transitions of a social welfare system for changing economic and social environments in order to sustain welfare state economically.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 1985

This study was conducted to ascertain whether a didactic mode of instruction, favored students who indicated a preference for left hemispheric information processing. The subjects were 50 fifth grade students whose California Achievement Test score percentile ranks were between 50 - 80. They were randomly selected from one elementary school in Chapel Hill, NC, USA. All Ss completed the Form CC of "Your Style of Learning and Thinking" (Torrance and McCarthy, 1980) which is a paper/pencil inventory designed to categorize the subjects according to their hemispheric preference for processing information; right hemisphere, left hemisphere, and integrated. Then all Ss received a didactic mode of instruction, a verbal question/answer followed by teacher's reading of a fictional animal story, "The Chinese Bee-eater". After completion of instruction, the Ss were asked to respond to eighteen open-ended questions about the animal. Eight of the 50 subjects were found to fall into the right hemisphere style of information processing group; fourteen into left; and fourteen into integrated. The remaining fourteen could not be assigned to either of these three categories and were not included in the analysis of the results. the mean scores of the comprehensive test among hemispheric groups and among sex groups. A two way analysis of variance also presented no significant differences among the hemispheric preference combined by sex groups. These results failed to prove the research hypothesis that students who indicate a preference for left hemispheric information processing will have higher scores on a comprehensive test after receiving a didactic mode of instruction, the so-called left style of instruction. Some limits in research process and conceptual confusion about hemisphericity were discussed. Finally, it was suggested that educators need to be more careful in drawing educational implications from neurological hemispheric research.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.83-100
• /
• 1980

This study was intended to computerize the structural analysis of two-dimensional continuum by finite element method, and to provide a preparatory basis for more sophisticated and more generalized computer programs of this kind. A computer program, applicable to any shape of two-dimensional continuum, was formulated on the basis of 16-degree-of- freedom rectangular element. Various computational aspects pertaining to the implementation of finite element method were reviewed and settled in the course of programming. The validity of the program was checked through several case studies. To assess the accuracy and the convergence characteristics of the method, the results computed by the program were compared with solutions by other methods, namely the analytical Navier's method and the framework method. Through actual programming and analysis of the computed results, the following facts were recognized; 1) The stiffness matrix should necessarily be assembled in a condensed form in order to make it possible to discretize the continuum into practically adequate number of elements without using back-up storage. 2) For minimization of solution time, in-core solution of the equilibrium equation is essential. LDLT decomposition is recommended for stiffness matrices condensed by the compacted column storage scheme. 3) As for rectangular plates, the finite element method shows better performances both in the accuracy and in the rate of convergence than the framework method. As the number of elements increases, the error of the finite element method approaches around 1%. 4) Regardless of the structural shape, there is a uniform tendency in convergence characteristics dependent on the shape of element. Square elements show the best performance. 5) The accuracy of computation is independent of the interpolation function selected.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.43-57
• /
• 1992

This study was conducted from August, 1980 to March, 9991 to the 40 subjects who were admitted to Kosin Medical Center and received rehabilitation treatment and discharged under the impression of stroke. The objectives are to evaluate the function of the activites of daily living and comprehensive function and find the status of rehabilitation treatment by Modified Barthel Index and PULSES Profile when first requested or rehabilitation treatment(T1), at 2 weeks after rehabilitation treatment(T2), at discharge(T3) and at the time of ambulatory treatment after 2 weeks(T4). The study materials were clinical charts and functional evaluation sheets, and the results are as follows : 21 subject$(52.5\%)$ were male, 19 subjects$(47.5\%)$ were female, and the age distribution was from 19 to 70 in age, the average age was 52.7. By the classification of diagnosis, 21 subjects$(52.5\%)$ were cerebral hemorrhage, 8 subjects$(20.2\%)$ were cerebral thrombosis, 6 subjects$(15.0\%)$ were cerebral embolism, and 5 subjects$(12.5\%)$ were cerebral infarction. The Barthel Index scores were 35.7, 54.5, 71.8, 88.7 on the average at T1, T2, T3, T4 respectively. The PULSES scores were 16.4, 13.7, 11.4, 8.7 on the average at T1, T2, T3, T4 respectively. Regarding the Pearson's correlation coefficient between the Barthel Index scores and the PULSES scores, it was -0.7991(P>0.001) at T1 and -0.8986(P>0.001) at T3, then beth of correlations were very high.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.209-217
• /
• 1980

The relative viscosities and osmotic coefficients of solutions of urea, 1,3-dimethyl-urea(DMU), acetamide(AA), and propionamide (PA) in dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO), water, methanol, and in ethanol have been measured at 25 and $45^{\circ}$C by viscometry and osmometry. Viscosity increment in nonaqueous solutions decreased with increasing of the partial molal volumes of the solutes, but in aqueous solution the result was inversed. Viscosity increment of aqueous solution was smaller than that of aqueous DMU solution, but that of nonaqueous urea solution was larger than that of DMU. Amides, however, showed similar viscosity increment in any solvent.Osmotic coefficients of aqueous solution of urea were larger than those of DMU. In the nonaqueous solutions urea exhibited larger deviation from Raoult's law than DMU. The results indicated that urea molecules break water-structure in water, self-associate in DMSO, and showed larger solute-solvent interaction in alcohols than DMU. It can be also confirmed that amides break alcohol structure to a greater extent than any other solutes.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 2014

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common work-related peripheral neuropathy. In addition to grip force and repetitive hand exertions, wrist posture (hyperextension and hyperflexion) may be a risk factor for CTS among workers. However, findings of studies evaluating the relationship between wrist posture and CTS are inconsistent. The purpose of this paper was to conduct a meta-analysis of existing studies to evaluate the evidence of the relationship between wrist posture at work and risk of CTS. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant studies published between 1980 and 2012. The following search terms were used: "work related", "carpal tunnel syndrome", "wrist posture", and "epidemiology". The studies defined wrist posture as the deviation of the wrist in extension or flexion from a neutral wrist posture. Relative risk (RR) of individual studies for postural risk was pooled to evaluate the overall risk of wrist posture on CTS. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. All were cross-sectional or case-control designs and relied on self-report or observer's estimates for wrist posture assessment. The pooled RR of work-related CTS increased with increasing hours of exposure to wrist deviation or extension/flexion [RR = 2.01; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.646-2.43; p < 0.01: Shore-adjusted 95% CI: 1.32-2.97]. Conclusion: We found evidence that prolonged exposure to non-neutral wrist postures is associated with a twofold increased risk for CTS compared with low hours of exposure to non-neutral wrist postures. Workplace interventions to prevent CTS should incorporate training and engineering interventions that reduce sustained non-neutral wrist postures.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2008

In cleft palate patient, characteristic of speech disorder is the resonance disorder result from velopharyngeal incompetence. Clinically VPI caused by congenital factor as congenital palatal incompetence, submucosal cleft palate, and caused by acquired factor as CNS damage, tumor, palatal palsy. The clinicians more concerned about the speech disorders after cleft palate surgery rather than language pathologist. The resonance disorder devided for hypernasality, hyponasality and nasal emission, but as a rule, hypernasality is typical phenomenon of the resonance disorder. Traditionally clinicians and language pathologists evaluated four-stage or five-stage of hypernasality by subjective assessment. Although language pathologist is well-trained, results of the language level should be different. In late 1980s, Kay Elemetrics Corp. developed nasometer that objective nasalance identified with well-trained language pathologist and originate from nasometer Tonar I and II were developed by Fletcher. Therefore objective nasalance test was possible, the nasometer used in hospital, collage and speech clinic both and home and abroad. Standardization of the cleft palate speech assessment must be settled without delay because of different character result in different language and different assessment results by dialect in same language. In our study, we provide the data base for the standardization of cleft palate speech assessment which through report of objective assessment method, speech therapy effects and problems result in interdisciplinary teamwork by nasometer use in treatment of cleft palate patient.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.85-108
• /
• 2011

Under Ford system, corporations sought to maximize the economies of scale by raising the production efficiency. It aims to lower the production cost by increasing the quantity of output. But in the era of market flux and uncertainty, however, such strategies can no longer be sustained. Replacing the structures of Ford system, Toyota was able to accelerate the pace of process innovation and product innovation. Related to this innovation is JIT, new model development, modularization. The firm's reliance on flexible production technology provides opportunities to expand her production basis to foreign countries successfully. The main objective of this paper is to explore the contribution of process innovation to profit-capital ratio. The model is estimated using a time-series data of 18 years from 1990 to 2007 of auto production industry in korea. An Implication of this estimation shows that process innovation explains a significant portion of profit-capital ratio.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.115-119
• /
• 1980

Snakehead, Channa argus, is one of the most palatable fresh-water fishes in Korea; however, relatively little is known about the characteristics of taste. The present study was undertaken to analyze the proximate composition as well as the taste compounds of dorsal muscle of Korean snakehead. In the dorsal meat, glycine, taurine, alanine and lysine were abundant. Among these, glycine was the most dominant, occupying $63\%$ of total free amino acid. The amount of IMP was $2.78{\mu}mole/g$ and those of another nucleotides and their related compounds were not so high as compared to that of IMP. About $43\%$ of the total extractive-N was total creatinine-N. But the content of betaine-N was very low, occupying only $0.8\%$ of the total extractive-N and TMA-N and TMAO-N were trace in content. In snakehead, the sum of the nitrogen in these constituents amounted to nearly $80\%$ of total extractive nitrogen.