• Atmosphere
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.129-135
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• 2012

This study restores rainfall measurements taken with the Chugugi (rain gauge) at Wonju, Hamheung, and Haeju from the Deungnok (government records from the Joseon Dynasty). We restored rainfall data corresponding to a total of 9, 13, and 18 years for Wonju, Hamheung, and Haeju, respectively. Based on the restored data, we reconstructed monthly rainfall data. Restoration was most successful for the rainy season months of June, July and August. The restored rainfall data were compared with the summer rainfall data for Seoul as recorded by the Seungjeongwon (Royal Secretariat). In June, the variation in the restored rainfall data was similar to that of the Seungjeongwon data for Seoul. In July and August, however, the variations in the reconstructed data were markedly different from those in the Seoul data (Seungjeongwon). In the case of the worst drought in the summer of 1888, a substantial shortage of rainfall was found in both the Seungjeongwon data for Seoul and the restored data for the three regional locations.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.321-328
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• 2003

In the present study, the residual stresses can have a significant on the life of structural engineering components. Residual stresses are created by the surface treatment such as shot peening or deep rolling. The objective of this experimental investigation is to study the influence of friction and wear characteristics due to residual stress under dry sliding condition. Friction and wear data were obtained with a specially designed tribometer. Test specimens were made of SUP9 (leaf spring material) after they were created residual stress by shot peening treatment. Residual stress profiles were measured at surface by means of the X­ray diffraction. Sliding tests were carried out different contact pressure and same sliding velocity 0.035 m/s (50 rpm). Leaf spring assembly test used to strain gauge sticked on leaf spring specimen in order to measure interleaf friction of leaf spring. Therefore, we were obtained hysteresis curve. As the residual stresses of surfaces increased, coefficient of friction and wear volume are decreased, but the residual stresses of surfaces are high, and consequently wear volume do not decreased. Coefficient of friction obtained from leaf spring assembly test is lower than that obtained from sliding test. From the results, structural engineering components reduce coefficient of friction and resistant wear in order to have residual stresses themselves.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors determining the participation restriction of chronic stroke patients based on international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) model. Sixty-eight stroke patients participated. The participants were assessed participation restriction using the Korean version of London handicap scale (K-LHS), modified Barthel index (K-MBI) to measure activities of daily living, Berg balance scale (K-BBS) to assess balance, and the center for epidemiologic studies depression (K-CES-D) to gauge depression. Also, 3 minutes walking test (3MWT), gait velocity, asymmetric posture, and family support were assessed. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to explore the factors determining participation restriction. There were no significant different in the K-LHS and K-MBI results by gender (p>.05). Correlations between the K-LHS and K-MBI (r=-.656), K-BBS (r=-.543), K-CES-D (r=.266), 3MWT (r=-.363), gait velocity (r=.348), and family support (r=-.389) were significant (p<.05). Also, the K-MBI and family support were the factors that determined participation restriction (p<.05) and that 40.2% of the variation in the K-LHS can be explained. Therefore, it is suggested that evaluation and intervention of patient's activity level and extent of family support is necessary to reduce participation restriction of chronic stroke patients.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.393-402
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• 2017

Many vibration-based global damage detection methods attempt to extract modal parameters from vibration signals as the main structural features to detect damage. The local flexibility method is one promising method that requires only the first few fundamental modes to detect not only the location but also the extent of damage. Generally, the mode shapes in the lateral degree of freedom are extracted from lateral vibration signals and then used to detect damage for a beam structure. In this study, a new approach which employs the mode shapes in the rotary degree of freedom obtained from the macro-strain vibration signals to detect damage of a beam structure is proposed. In order to facilitate the application of mode shapes in the rotary degree of freedom for beam structures, the local flexibility method is modified and utilized. The proposed rotary approach is verified by numerical and experimental studies of simply supported beams. The results illustrate potential feasibility of the proposed new idea. Compared to the method that uses lateral measurements, the proposed rotary approach seems more robust to noise in the numerical cases considered. The sensor configuration could also be more flexible and customized for a beam structure. Primarily, the proposed approach seems more sensitive to damage when the damage is close to the supports of simply supported beams.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.47
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• pp.125-142
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• 1999

Dancing along with mankind has existed in various ways form old age to the present. This dancing combined with artistic meaning is called the art of dancing. This study is mainly about the functions decorations and expressions of dancing costume and the claracteristics of the costumes by the 20th century designers Leon bakst Oskar Schlemer Pablo Picasso. The dancing costume were not so much different from those of the public from old age to middle age. In 18th and 19th centuries the length of the cotstumes become short from the knee to the thigh. The functions have much to do with the development of dancing for example the appearance of toeshoes. The costumes are designed not to prevent the movements of dancers smooth line in old age and ladylike vend high-blown line in the 18th and 19th centuries. Cotton and hemp textiles are turning into the transparent forms such as lace and gauge. The personal ornaments earings and necklaces have change into the pattern with wings and tassels. The dancing costumes of Leon Bakst Oskar Schlemer and Pablo Picasso are designed after the due consideration of body shape. Bakst focused on the beauty of smooth lines with splendid colors and decorations. Schlemer analyzed the body abstractly and metaphysically and expressed it with detaile and simple lines. Picasso emphasized cubic forms with cubism and expressed the characteristics of costumes with clear colors and smooth curved line. Bakst Schlemer and Picasso made the early 20th century the age of functional dancing costumes putting a light on the concept of space and foundation for the modern dancing costumes.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2019

This research studied how game contents related experts recognize the transition of contents industries in intellectual information era. This study also studied experts' priorities of evaluation elements in contents industry policies. For this, Analytic Hierarchy Process was utilized to analyze the relative importance and priorities of evaluation elements in contents industry policies. According to the analysis, the order of priorities was 'strengthening content technology', 'training content experts', 'improving the contents-related system' and 'strengthening content usage and consumer safety'. Also, in complex importance analysis, 'strengthening R&D system for content' was gauge as the most important element. In the analysis about each related group's thinking, industries and policy institutes considered 'strengthening content technology' important and academia evaluated 'training content experts' as the most important one.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2021

In this study, the well-known non-destructive acoustic emission (AE) and electrical resistivity methods were employed to predict quantitative damage in the silo structure of the Wolsong Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Center (WLDC), Gyeongju, South Korea. Brazilian tensile test was conducted with a fully saturated specimen with a composition identical to that of the WLDC silo concrete. Bi-axial strain gauges, AE sensors, and electrodes were attached to the surface of the specimen to monitor changes. Both the AE hit and electrical resistance values helped in the anticipation of imminent specimen failure, which was further confirmed using a strain gauge. The quantitative damage (or damage variable) was defined according to the AE hits and electrical resistance and analyzed with stress ratio variations. Approximately 75% of the damage occurred when the stress ratio exceeded 0.5. Quantitative damage from AE hits and electrical resistance showed a good correlation (R = 0.988, RMSE = 0.044). This implies that AE and electrical resistivity can be complementarily used for damage assessment of the structure. In future, damage to dry and heated specimens will be examined using AE hits and electrical resistance, and the results will be compared with those from this study.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.19-29
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to gauge the economic evaluation and sample distribution of conserving the Belum Royal State Park (BRSP) in Perak, Malaysia and to identify factors influencing its use by the community. This study aims to examine community perception on the conservation of the Belum Royal State Park (BRSP) and maximum community's willingness to pay for park entry permits fees. Research design, data and methodology: A questionnaire survey was conducted involving a total of 280 respondents. The study adopted the Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Approach (DC-CVM) and the Logistic Model, to estimate the maximum community's willingness to pay for park entry permits fees. Results: The results established that the factors of respondent's occupation, income, ecotourism influence on the BRSP and maximum entry price, significantly influenced visitors' decision on community's willingness to pay. The average community's willingness to pay was RM9.68 per person. Conclusions: In conclusion, surveillance and patrols in protected areas should be expanded. The extra expense for ensuring safety can be offset through income from ecotourism that should also benefit the local community on economic evaluation and equal distribution on the BRSP.

• Atmosphere
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

We need water equivalent unit data of snowfall for the purpose of forecast and hydrology related research area. This study developed new method of automatic recording snowfall as weight unit with circle type plate using stain-gauge loadcell. Field test of instrument carried out at Daegwallyeong Obs. Station from 20 to 23 Jan. 2008 during heavy snowfall. There is 74.2cm snow depth and 54.6mm precipitation by Daegwallyeong Obs. Station. But the instrument of this study recorded 71.0mm of precipitation amount. Because of different observation method can cause more 15.4mm than Daegwallyeong Obs. Station. But this study gives the possibility of observation of new snow fall measurement under freezing conditions of snow. From the observation data the density of snowfall calculated from 0.09 to $1015g/cm_3$ from the observation period. And have a good relations between manual observation and automatic observation data from this study instrument with slope of 1.35 to 1.39.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 1993

In deep excavations for creation of underground spaces, it would be difficult to predict earth pressure, especially multilayered ground including rock strata. The earth pressures and displacements on the retention walls are measured by load cell, strain gauge and inclinometer which were installed at struts or anchors at 4 deep excavation sites in Seoul area. In this paper, the measured earth pressure from the struts or anchors are compared with Peck's empirical values, and the coefficient of the earth pressures for each strata and horizontal wall displacement are investigated. The coefficient of earth pressure distribution, a(0.65zka), in the flexible and the rigid walls was about 74% and 88% of Peck's value respecitively. The measured earth pressure distributions for the 4 sites showed about 70%∼80% of Peck's empirical values and the average earth pressure coefficients based on the measured data were 0.3 for the felted layer, 0.23 for the weathered rock and 0.19 for the weak rock. The maximum w리1 displacements were found to be less 0.2% of excavation depth.