• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2017

This study investigated the quality characteristics of cream soup added with Pleurotus eryngii powder. Pleurotus eryngii was dried in a hot air dryer at $40^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours and at $60^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours. The dried Pleurotus eryngii was pulverized using a pin mill, and the powder was sieved through a 60~100 mesh. Sensory evaluations of cream soup added with different-sized particles of Pleurotus eryngii powder were performed. Cream soup added with Pleurotus eryngii powder of particles below $150{\mu}m$ showed good appearance, taste, and mouth-feel. Quality characterization of cream soup added with 5~20% Pleurotus eryngii powder showed that L value decreased with increasing Pleurotus eryngii, whereas a and b values increased. Sensory evaluations revealed that cream soup with 15% Pleurotus eryngii powder had significantly better taste, mouth-feel, and overall acceptability (p<0.05) than other samples. Thus, cream soup with 15% Pleurotus eryngii powder of particle size below $150{\mu}m$ was the most desirable and could be successfully used as convenience food in the food processing industry.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.170-177
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• 2017

This study was conducted to estimate the light pollution damage caused by night-break lighting in 'Kyoho' grapes. Night irradiation was performed every night for four hours (10 p.m. to 2 a.m.) from the full bloom to the harvest stage using red, blue, and white lamps as artificial light. Fruit yield, soluble solid content, anthocyanin content, and chlorophyll a content were affected by night irradiation. The soluble solid content of the control was $17.5^{\circ}Brix$, approximately $1^{\circ}Brix$ higher than the red ($16.4^{\circ}Brix$), blue ($16.2^{\circ}Brix$), and white light treated grapes ($16.3^{\circ}Brix$). The anthocyanin content of the skin was also higher in the control at $4.08{\mu}g{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ compared to the red ($3.14{\mu}g{\cdot}cm^{-2}$), blue ($2.47{\mu}g{\cdot}cm^{-2}$), and white ($2.82{\mu}g{\cdot}cm^{-2}$) light treated samples. On the other hand, the chlorophyll a content of the control was the lowest at $0.268{\mu}g{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ as compared with the red ($0.339{\mu}g{\cdot}cm^{-2}$), blue ($0.345{\mu}g{\cdot}cm^{-2}$), and white ($0.372{\mu}g{\cdot}cm^{-2}$) light treated samples. Considering that higher soluble solid contents, higher accumulation of anthocyanin, and lower chlorophyll a contents are factors involved in fruit maturation, night irradiation may delay fruit maturation and red light treatment may result in decreased yield. Our results confirmed that night-break lighting regardless of the wavelength provoked light pollution in 'Kyoho' grapes. Therefore, fruit maturation may be poor in the presence of artificial light, including streetlamps, in neighboring vineyards.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

The content of nutrients such as organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulated on soil layers in Quercus mongolica forest of Mt. Songnisan National Park located at central part of Korea was measured, and then the decomposition constants and decay times of the nutrients were also calculated by the negative coefficience model(O1son,1963). The quantities of organic carton of L-layer, F-layer, H-layer and $A_1$-layer of the forest stand were 231.25 g $m^{-2}$, 291.50 g $m^{-2}$,166.91 g$m^{-2}$ and 174.51 g $m^{-2}$, respectively. The content of organic carbon and nitrogen contained in L-layer and F-layer showed large quantity than those of other layers. The large amount of phosphorus and potassium was observed at the B-layer and $A_1$-layer. On the other hand, the decomposition constants(k) of soil organic matter were as follows : organic carbon (k = 0.3657), nitrogen (k = 0.3319), phosphorus (k = 0.2050), and potassium (k = 0.0934) and the decay times needed to 99% decomposition of nutrients in soil organic matter were as follows: that is, organic carton, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 13.94 years, 15.18 years, 24.79 years, and 55.11 years, respectively. By the application of Turbo Pascal Program on the inflowed and outflowed nutrients to the forest stand,87.67% (714.84 g $m^{-2}$) of organic carbon inflowed was decomposed and 81.62% (1,594.62 g $m^{-2}$) of organic carbon accumulated was decomposed. And 84.98% of nitrogen inflowed was decomposed and 70.26% of nitrogen accumulated was also decayed.50.00% of phosphorus input and 40.31% of potassium input were decomposed, and 38.40% of phosphoyus and 33.03% of potassium accumulated were also decayed, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that Quercus mongolica forest surveyed in the present study is maintaining in steady state because input and output amounts of nutrients is shown a similar pattern.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.4-12
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• 1997

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and clinical manifestations of various glomerulonephritis (GN) in children, a clinicopathological anlysis of 310 biopsied cases were performed. Method: We conducted retrospective study with review of histopathologic findings and clinical manifestations of the 310 cases diagnosed as glomerulonephritis by percutaneous renal biopsy which were done between January 1986 and December 1996 at department of pediatrics, Pusan Paik hospital. Results: 1) Male to female ratio was 1.54:1 and the range of age was from 13 months to 15 years 10 months. 2) Among these, 217 (70.0%) patients were belong to primary GN and 93 (30.0%) patients were belong to secondary GN. As a whole, the most common pathologic diagnosis was minimal change lesion (MC, 32.6%), which was followed by IgA nephropathy (IgAN, 15.8%), $Henoch-Sch\"{o}nlein$ purpura nephritis (HSPN, 13.5%), Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSAGN, 8.1%). 3) Clinical manifestations of patients were asymptomatic urinary abnormality (43.2%), nephrotic syndrome (41.0%), acute glomerulonephritis (14.2%), chronic glomerulonephritis (1.0%), rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (0.6%). 4) In primary GN, the most common pathologic diagnosis was MC (46.5%), IgAN (22.6%), thin glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease (7.8%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN, 5.5%), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MesPGN,4.6%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, 4.6%), membranous nephropathy (MN, 0.9%), sclerosing glomerulonephritis (SCGN, 0.9%), crescentic glomerulonephritis (CreGN, 0.5%) and non-specific glomerulonephritis (NonspGN, 6.0%). 5) Major causes of secondary GN were HSPN (45.2%), PSAGN (26.9%), hepatitis B associated glomerulonephritis (HBGN, 17.2%), lupus nephritis (LN, 6.5%), Alport syndrome (2.2%), hemolytic uremic syndrome (1.0%), fibrillary glomerulonephritis (1.0%) in descending order. Conclusions: There are some differences of the results of clinicopathological stuidies of glomerulonephritis in children because of its different indications of renal biopsy, pathologic classification of renal disease and methods of analysis among investigators. In order to establish more reliable data of incidence and classification of childhood glomerulonephritis in Korea, multicenter cooperative study were necessary.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2007

To evaluate the physiological status of laying flocks, the blood chemistry values were measured and analyzed in various ages under different feeding conditions. Total 671 birds from 48 Hyline brown hens flocks from 13 different poultry farms were bled at the ages of day(s) 1, 11, 21, 50, 80, 120, 180, 240, 300, 400, and 500. The 17 blood chemistries including glucose, lipids, proteins, enzymes, electrolytes and metabolic by-products were measured with an autoanalyzer. Blood glucose showed the highest at the hatching day not relate with the dietary carbohydrates and energy, but tended to decrease during the rest of growth stage in hens. Total blood protein, albumin and globulin increased depending on the ages even though dietary protein was decreased. Blood lipid was greatly changed at different growth stages. Cholesterol was the highest at hatching period and maintained consistently until the 120 days of age. It was increased in birds after 180 days of age. HDL was also highest in hatchery, but decreased greatly after 180 days of age. However, TG was the lowest at one day old, but was increased up to 10 times after 180 days of age compared to that of one day old. The enzyme activities were different. AST, ALT, and GGT showed comparatively contained consistently, whereas amylase was slowly decreased. Blood P, Na, K and Cl showed consistency, but Ca content was increased upto two times of the one day of age. The results from this study showed that the blood chemistry values were affected by the general metabolic status of the host with ages not by feeding conditions. Further, the standard data of age-dependent blood chemistry values in the laying flocks were obtained, which can be utilized for early detection of the changes in the physiological status occurred by the infectious or metabolic diseases. The results of these analyses seemed to be useful to increase the productivity of laying flocks through rapid and proper veterinary medical treatments.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study 띤as to determine the potential role of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in the treatment of primary unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The preliminary results on the efficacy and the toxicity of 3D-CRT are reported. Materials and Methods : Seventeen patients were enrolled in this study, which was conducted prospectively from January 1995 to June 1997. The exclusion criteria included the presence of extrahepatic metastasis, liver cirrhosis of Child-Pugh classification C, tumors occupying more than two thirds of the entire liver, and a performance status of more than 3 on the ECOG scale. Two patients were treated with radiotherapy only while the remaining 15 were treated with combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Radiotherapy was given to the field including the tumor plus a 1.5 cm margin using a 3D-CRT technique. The radiation dose ranged from $36\~60\;Gy$ (median; 59.4 Gy). Tumor response was based on a radiological examination such as the CT scan, MR imaging, and hepatic artery angiography at $4\~8$ weeks following the completion of treatment. The acute and subacute toxicities were monitored. Results : An objective response was observed in 11 out of 17 patients, giving a response rate of $64.7\%$. The actuarial survival rate at 2 years was $21.2\%$ from the start of radiotherapy (median survival; 19 months). Six patients developed a distant metastasis consisting of a lung metastasis in 5 patients and bone metastasis in one. The complications related to 30-CRT were gastro-duodenitis $(\geq\;grade\;2)$ in 2 patients. There were no treatment related deaths and radiation induced hepatitis. Conclusion : The preliminary results show that 3D-CRT is a reliable and effective treatment modality for primary unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma compared to other conventional modalities. Further studies to evaluate the definitive role of the 3D-CRT technique in the treatment of primary unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma are needed.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 2001

The purpose of study was to improve the storage time of breads with spices. The quality of breads with garlic, ginger and cinnamon powder containing 1 % concentration were investigated using sensory and mechanical evaluation. For 14 days, total microbial count and chemical properties were analyzed at 18$^{\circ}C$. The result of sensory evaluation was not significantly different between control and breads with spices powder. But breads with spices powder were significantly higher than control in texture and acceptability. Especially, bread with cinnamon powder was most favorable in acceptability. The result of total microbial count showed that breads with spices powder were reduced with storing time passed and bread with cinnamon powder was most reduced in breads with spices powder. ks storing time passed, moisture contents and pH range were decreased and L, a and b value were decreased in all breads. Hardness, gumminess and brittleness of torture analysis were increased as storing time passed, but springiness and cohesiveness were decreased. A negative correlation was observed between the sensory and mechanical properties in general. Sensory Properties of springiness and swelling were positively correlated with the acceptability. In the analysis of correlation between the chemical and mechanical properties showed that lightness of mechanical properties had positive correlation with pH range and moisture contents. Moisture contents of chemical properties had negative correlation with hardness, but had positive correlation with cohesiveness of mechanical properties.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2005

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess cognitive functions and their relationship with sleep symptoms in young narcoleptic patients. Methods: Eighteen young narcolepsy patients and 18 normal controls (age: 17-35 years old) were recruited. All narcolepsy patients had HLA $DQB_1$ *0602 allele and cataplexy. Several important areas of cognition were assessed by a battery of neuropsychological tests consisting of 13 tests: executive functions (e.g. cognitive set shifting, inhibition, and selective attention) through Wisconsin card sorting test, Trail Making A/B, Stroop test, Ruff test, Digit Symbol, Controlled Oral Word Association and Boston Naming Test; alertness and sustained attention through paced auditory serial addition test; verbal/nonverbal short-term memory and working memory through Digit Span and Spatial Span; visuospatial memory through Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test; verbal learning and memory through California verbal learning test; and fine motor activity through grooved pegboard test. Sleep symptoms in narcolepsy patients were assessed with Epworth sleepiness scale, Ullanlinna narcolepsy scale, multiple sleep latency test, and nocturnal polysomnography. Relationship between cognitive functions and sleep symptoms in narcolepsy patients was also explored. Results: Compared with normal controls, narcolepsy patients showed poor performance in paced auditory serial addition (2.0 s and 2.4 s), digit symbol tests, and spatial span (forward)(t=3.86, p<0.01; t=-2.47, p=0.02; t=-3.95, p<0.01; t=-2.22, p=0.03, respectively). There were no significant between-group differences in other neuropsychological tests. In addition, results of neuropsychological test in narcolepsy patients were not correlated with Epworth sleepiness scale score, Ullanlinna narcolepsy scale score and sleep variables in multiple sleep latency test or nocturnal polysomnography. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that young narcolepsy patients have impaired attention. In addition, impairment of attention in narcolepsy might not be solely due to sleep symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2011

Nowadays there are a lot of issues about copyright infringement in the Internet world because the digital content on the network can be copied and delivered easily. Indeed the copied version has same quality with the original one. So, copyright owners and content provider want a powerful solution to protect their content. The popular one of the solutions was DRM (digital rights management) that is based on encryption technology and rights control. However, DRM-free service was launched after Steve Jobs who is CEO of Apple proposed a new music service paradigm without DRM, and the DRM is disappeared at the online music market. Even though the online music service decided to not equip the DRM solution, copyright owners and content providers are still searching a solution to protect their content. A solution to replace the DRM technology is digital audio watermarking technology which can embed copyright information into the music. In this paper, the author proposed a new audio watermarking algorithm with two approaches. First, the watermark information is generated by two dimensional barcode which has error correction code. So, the information can be recovered by itself if the errors fall into the range of the error tolerance. The other one is to use chirp sequence of CDMA (code division multiple access). These make the algorithm robust to the several malicious attacks. There are many 2D barcodes. Especially, QR code which is one of the matrix barcodes can express the information and the expression is freer than that of the other matrix barcodes. QR code has the square patterns with double at the three corners and these indicate the boundary of the symbol. This feature of the QR code is proper to express the watermark information. That is, because the QR code is 2D barcodes, nonlinear code and matrix code, it can be modulated to the spread spectrum and can be used for the watermarking algorithm. The proposed algorithm assigns the different spread spectrum sequences to the individual users respectively. In the case that the assigned code sequences are orthogonal, we can identify the watermark information of the individual user from an audio content. The algorithm used the Walsh code as an orthogonal code. The watermark information is rearranged to the 1D sequence from 2D barcode and modulated by the Walsh code. The modulated watermark information is embedded into the DCT (discrete cosine transform) domain of the original audio content. For the performance evaluation, I used 3 audio samples, "Amazing Grace", "Oh! Carol" and "Take me home country roads", The attacks for the robustness test were MP3 compression, echo attack, and sub woofer boost. The MP3 compression was performed by a tool of Cool Edit Pro 2.0. The specification of MP3 was CBR(Constant Bit Rate) 128kbps, 44,100Hz, and stereo. The echo attack had the echo with initial volume 70%, decay 75%, and delay 100msec. The sub woofer boost attack was a modification attack of low frequency part in the Fourier coefficients. The test results showed the proposed algorithm is robust to the attacks. In the MP3 attack, the strength of the watermark information is not affected, and then the watermark can be detected from all of the sample audios. In the sub woofer boost attack, the watermark was detected when the strength is 0.3. Also, in the case of echo attack, the watermark can be identified if the strength is greater and equal than 0.5.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.14
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• pp.173-189
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• 1973

The followings are the results obtained in a series of experiments concerning of the varieties, the short-day-treatment, the fertilizer application, and the planting space of soybean, which were carried out to investigate the methods best suited for cultivating green soybean as the preceding crop of the rice. in the paddy-field in the middle parts of Korea at the practice farm attached to Agriculture College of Kon Kuk University in 1972. 1. Though the varieties of soybean was planted on the hot-bed on March 15 and then set in the main plot, none of them did flower within May 15, which is the limit time of flowering in growing soybean as the preceding crop of the rice in the paddy-field without the short-day-treatment being applied during raising seedlings. 2. The earliest-maturing variety groups such as HOKKAl#l, WASEMIDORI, YAEHUSANARI, MIT AKARAHAKUCHO, and VERDE flowered within May 15 by the short-day-treatment during raising seedlings. 3. The optimum hours of the day length was known to be 7 to 9 in the medium-maturing and late-maturing variety groups and 7 to 11 in the early-maturing and the earliest-maturing variety groups in the case of appling the short-day-treatment for 10 days from the beginning of the primary regular compound leaf development. 4 The optimum days in appling the short-day-treatment for 11 hours a day was recognized to be about 10 days regardless of the maturity of varieties. 5. Reduction of days required to flower by the short-clay-treatment, that is, light-sensitivity was remarkably higher in the medium-maturing and the late-maturing variety groups than in the earliest-maturing and the early-maturing variety groups. 6. The yield showed an increase of about 17 per cent in the case of appling the standard amount of nitrogen(4.0 kg/10 a), but it tended to reduce on the contrary in appling the increased amount of nitrogen. 7. The application of increased amount of phosphate had less significant effect on the yield increase than in the case of application of its standard amount( 4.0 kg/l0 a). 8. When the number of transplantation plant was changed from 54 to 130 per 3.3 $m^2$, the yield in 130 plant plot was about two times so higher than in 54 plant plot that the effect of close planting cultivation on the yield was proved to be remarkable. 9. Conditions possible for cultivating green soybean as the preceding crop of the rice in the paddy-field in the middle parts of Korea are turned to be as follows: (a) to plant the earliest-maturing-variety groups on the hot-bed on March 15. (b) to apply the short-day-treatment by 11 hours a day for 16 days from April 16, which is about the time when the primary regular leaf begin to develop. And it was, found to be a most remarkable in the increased yield that apply nitrogen 4.0 kg, phosphate 4.0 kg, and potassium 6.0 kg per 10 a as basic manuring totally and apply the close planting by 130 plants per $3.3{m^2}$(50 cm $\times$ 5 cm).