Preliminary Results of 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Primary Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

절제 불가능한 원발성 간암의 입체조형 방사선치료의 초기 임상 결과

  • Keum Ki Chang (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Park Hee Chul (Department of Radiation Oncology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Seong Jinsil (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Chang Sei Kyoung (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Han Kwang Hyub (Departments of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Chon Chae Yoon (Departments of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Moon Young Myoung (Departments of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim Gwi Eon (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Suh Chang Ok (Departments of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
  • 금기창 (연세대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학교실) ;
  • 박희철 (한림대학교 의과대학 한림성심병원 방사선종양학과) ;
  • 성진실 (연세대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학교실) ;
  • 장세경 (연세대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학교실) ;
  • 한광협 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 전재윤 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 문영명 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김귀언 (연세대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학교실) ;
  • 서창옥 (연세대학교 의과대학 방사선종양학교실)
  • Published : 2002.06.01

Abstract

Purpose : The purpose of this study 띤as to determine the potential role of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in the treatment of primary unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The preliminary results on the efficacy and the toxicity of 3D-CRT are reported. Materials and Methods : Seventeen patients were enrolled in this study, which was conducted prospectively from January 1995 to June 1997. The exclusion criteria included the presence of extrahepatic metastasis, liver cirrhosis of Child-Pugh classification C, tumors occupying more than two thirds of the entire liver, and a performance status of more than 3 on the ECOG scale. Two patients were treated with radiotherapy only while the remaining 15 were treated with combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Radiotherapy was given to the field including the tumor plus a 1.5 cm margin using a 3D-CRT technique. The radiation dose ranged from $36\~60\;Gy$ (median; 59.4 Gy). Tumor response was based on a radiological examination such as the CT scan, MR imaging, and hepatic artery angiography at $4\~8$ weeks following the completion of treatment. The acute and subacute toxicities were monitored. Results : An objective response was observed in 11 out of 17 patients, giving a response rate of $64.7\%$. The actuarial survival rate at 2 years was $21.2\%$ from the start of radiotherapy (median survival; 19 months). Six patients developed a distant metastasis consisting of a lung metastasis in 5 patients and bone metastasis in one. The complications related to 30-CRT were gastro-duodenitis $(\geq\;grade\;2)$ in 2 patients. There were no treatment related deaths and radiation induced hepatitis. Conclusion : The preliminary results show that 3D-CRT is a reliable and effective treatment modality for primary unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma compared to other conventional modalities. Further studies to evaluate the definitive role of the 3D-CRT technique in the treatment of primary unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma are needed.

목적 : 수술적 절제가 불가능한 원발성 간암 환자들을 대상으로 삼차원적인 방사선치료계획 시스템을 이용한 입체조형 방사선치료를 전향적으로 실시하고 조기 임상 결과를 분석하였다. 또한, 이를 통해 원발성 간암의 비수술적 치료에서 입체조형 방사선치료의 잠재적인 역할과 가능성을 판단해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1995년 1월부터 1997년 6월까지 원발성 간암으로 진단 후 입체조형 방사선치료의 기법을 적용하여 치료를 받은 17명의 환자가 본 연구 대상에 포함되었다. 대상 환자의 선정 기준은 방사선치료의 과거력이 없는 경우, 간외 전이가 없는 경우, 간경변증의 정도가 Child-Pugh classification A또는 B군인 경우, 종양이 전체 간 용적의 2/3를 넘지 않는 경우, 전신수행도가 European Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 3기 이상으로 악화되지 않은 경우이었다. 15명의 환자에서 경동맥화학색전술과 입체조형 방사선치료의 병용요법이 시행되었다. 대상 환자는 In-ternational Union Against Cancer (UICC) 병기별로 II기 1명, III기 8명, IVA기 8명이었다. 4명의 환자에서 간문맥 혈전증이 동반되었으며, 종양의 평균 직경은 8 cm이었다. 조사영역은 종양과 주변 1.5 cm이었고 조사선량의 분포는 $36\~60\;Gy$로 중앙값은 59.4 Gy이었다. 종양의 반응은 치료 후 $4\~8$주에 시행한 영상 진단을 기준으로 평가하였다. 추적관찰기간의 중앙값은 15개월이었다. 결과 : 2년 생존율은 $21.2\%$였고 평균 생존 기간은 19개월이었다. 완전 반응과 부분 반응을 포함하여 11명의 환자에서 치료에 대한 반응을 보여 반응률은 $64.7\%$였다. 종양의 진행을 보인 환자는 3명으로 이 중 2명의 환자가 조사영역 밖에서 종양의 진행을 보였다. 추적 기간 중 6명의 환자에서 원격 전이가 나타났고 폐 전이와 뼈 전이가 각각 5명과 1명이었다. 삼차원 입체 조형 치료와 관련된 것으로 판단되는 방사선 간염은 발생하지 않았으며 Grade 2의 위염과 십이지장염이 각각 1명씩 발생했다. 치료로 인해 사망하였던 경우는 없었다. 결론 : 절제 불가능한 원발성 간암의 치료에 입체조형 방사선치료를 적용할 것은 비교적 안전하였고 실제적인 치료 효과를 나타내었다. 향후 원발성 간암의 비수술적 치료에 입체조형 방사선치료의 역할이 기대되며 이 치료법의 우수성을 입증하기 위한 제 3상 연구가 뒤따라야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

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