• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.21
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• pp.169-246
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• 2009

The national records management system of the Korean Government has been developed in a close relationship with changes in the administrative system. The national records management system established immediately after the establishment of the Korean Government, began to be reformed as a system with a new feature during the quick transition of the administrative system during the early 1960s. Particularly this new system holds an important meaning in that it began to cope with the mass production system of records and was established on the government level for the first time since the establishment of the government. Also this was a basic framework that defined the records management pattern of the Korean Government for the later 40 years. Therefore, this study aims to identify the origin and the meaning of the national records management system established during the early 1960s. At the time of establishing the government, the administrative system of the Korean Government was not completely free from the framework of the administrative system of the Chosen General Government. This was mainly because the Korean Government had no capability to renovate the administrative system. This was not an exception also for the national records management system. In other words, the forms and preparation methods of official document, an official document management process, and the classification and appraisal system used the records management system of the Chosen General Government without any alteration. Main factors that brought about the reform of the national records management system as well as the change in the Korean administrative system during the early 1960s, were being created in Korean society, starting from the mid 1950s. This resulted from the growth of Korean Army, public officers, and students of administrative science as being the intrinsic elites of Korean society through their respective experience of the US administration. In particular, the reform of the creation, classification, filing, transfer, and preservation system shown during the introduction of a scientific management system of the US Army in the Korean Army was a meaningful change given the historic developing process of Korean records management system history. This change had a decisive effect on the reform of the national records management system during the early 1960s. As the Korean Army, public officers, and students of administrative science, who had posted growth beginning in the mid-1950s, emerged as administrative elites during the early 1960s, the administrative system of the Korean Government brought about a change, which was different from the past in terms of its quality, and the modernization work of documentary administration pursued during the period, became extended to the reform of the national records management system. Then, the direction of reform was 'the efficient and effective control' over records based on scientific management, which was advanced through the medium of the work that accommodate the US office management system and a decimal filing system to Korean administrative circumstances. Consequently, Various official document forms, standards, and the gist of process were improved and standardized, and the appraisal system based on the function-based classification were unified on the government level by introducing a decimal filing system.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.21
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• pp.247-281
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• 2009

Local governments in Korea, sixteen in total, shall establish local government archives to and manage preserve their permanent archives to comply with the Public Records Management Act amended in October 2006. National Archives of Korea(NAK) directed the local governments to recruit legally qualified archivists by the end 0f 2006 and to plan on the establishment and operation of the local government archives by the end 2007. However, none of the government archives was established by far. Government officials in NAK and the local governments raised the limits of the budget and human resources. What is more serious is that they don't concern why the archives are necessary and what missions and functions the archives should have. In this paper, I summarized the present situation and problems in establishing the local archives, and what we will do to establish normal government archives. First, local governments should establish "local government records commissions" and employ qualified archivists. The local government records commission should comprise concerned and qualified members. The records commission, as a policy and decision-making body, should make plans and implement the plans to establish the local archives, establish professional training programs to produce qualified archivists, promote local archives community activities, determine operational issues, and make a long-term development plan satisfying local demands. Second, the local government archives share existing repositories of NAK. Third, after the establishment of the archives, the local archives should perform normal records and archives management of the local governments as records acts mandate, do general records surveys and appraise the records created in the local governments. The local government archives should collect valuable local archives including private archives, and arrange and make usable them to provide access. They also promote and coordinate various cultural heritage community activities related to the local archives.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of seeding dates and cultivated period on the growth characteristics, dry matter yield and feed value of Teosinte new variety "Geukdong 6"[Zea mays L. subsp. mexicana (Schrad.) H. H. Iltis]for feed. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of five time seeding dates, 10 May(T1), 25 May(T2), 10 June(T3), 25 June(T4) and 10 July(T5), and same time harvesting, 22 October. Therefore, growing period were 164 days(T1), 149 days(T2), 134 days(T3), 119 days(T4) and 103 days(T5), respectively. In growth stage at harvest time, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were early flowering, end heading, middle heading, early heading and early heading stage, respectively. Plant length and dead leaf were highest in T1, but leaf width and number of leaf were highest in T2 than others (p<0.05). Leaf length, stem diameter and number of tiller were not significantly different among the treatments (p<0.05). Stem hardness was higher in order of T1(2.0)> T2(1.9) > T3=T4(1.7) > T5($1.2kg/cm^2$). Fresh yield and dry matter yield showed significantly higher as the sowing time was faster and the cultivation period was longer (T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 > T5, p<0.05). Crude protein, crude fat and TDN content were highest in T5, but ADF and NDF content were highest in T1 than others (p<0.05). T1, T2 and T3 showed significantly higher crude protein yield compared to T4 and T5 (p<0.05). Total digestible nutrients yield were higher in order of T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 > T5 (p<0.05), and relative feed value were higher in order of T5 > T4 > T3 > T2 > T1 (p<0.05). Based on the above results, seeding dates could be recommended from the early May to the late May, and it is efficient that the cultivation period is over 150 days for dry matter yield, crude protein yield and total digestible nutrients yield.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.261-272
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the difference in the quality of chicken thigh meat from conventional and animal welfare farms during refrigeration storage over 9 days. Chicken thigh meat from conventional (CTC, n = 30) and animal welfare farms (CTW, n = 30) was tested. The pH value was significantly lower in CTW (6.28) than in CTC (6.37) on day 1; however, no significant differences were found on subsequent days. The yellowness of CTW was higher than that of CTC on day 1, but CTW showed lower yellowness than did CTC on day 7 and 9. The cooking loss, water holding capacity, lightness, redness, and coliform levels of CTC did not show any significant difference when compared with CTW during storage. The shear force of CTW was significantly higher than that of CTC on day 1, 3, 7, and 9. Total microorganism and coliform in CTC and CTW increased with increasing storage days. On day 7 and 9, the total microorganism level of CTW was lower than that of CTC. The thiobarbituric acid value of CTW was lower than that of CTC on day 9. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) of CTW was lower than that of CTC during storage. Anserine content and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) scavenging activity of CTW was significantly higher than CTC on day 1. These results suggest that CTW stayed fresher for longer than did CTC because of low total microorganism level on day 7 and 9, and VBN during refrigerated storage.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.4-21
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• 2018

This paper reviewed the legitimacy of the name of those sixteen pieces of hat artifacts known in Korean as pyeongjeongmo and currently housed by the National Palace Museum. This was undertaken in order to rectify the error of calling them pyeongjeongmo. Also, the paper suggested pyeongjeongmo's production method to apply representation of the artifacts or production of Joseon officials' hats as representation of ritual costumes in the royal court. The name pyeongjeongmo originated from pyeongjeonggeon. Gyeongguk Daejeon recorded that noksas wore yugak-pyeongjeonggeon and seoris wore mugak-pyeongjeonggeon, but the pyeongjeongmo artifacts housed in the National Palace Museum have been found irrelevant to those pyeongjeonggeons put on by both noksas and seoris. Rather, they has been confirmed as corresponding to dugeon or jogeon worn by byeolgams or suboks who served at the palace of the crown prince or princess. Through the investigation of the artifacts, the researchers could find out the tailoring and sewing methods, the finished look, and the folding manner of pyeongjeonggeon. Although the structure of pyeongjeonggeon was generally consistent, the frontal look was slightly different depending on the folding manner, resulting in three distinguished types of pyeongjeonggeon. Regardless, the pyeongjeongmo was made with one piece of fabric by a flat tailoring and folding method to create a three-dimensional hat. The finished shape appeared low in the front and high in the back side structure. The head girth was 55~59 cm, and the height was 19.4~21.5 cm. To make it with one piece of fabric, the head girth part was tailored in the same direction as the strands. Based on the artifact Changdeok 23820, this paper has also suggested a finished reproduction through the processes of preparing the materials, mounting, making the center ornaments, sewing and folding. The tailoring was completed with black silk fabric which was cut in a unique shape designed in advance, and hemp fabric which was mounted to the former. The top part of the head was finished with black threads, and the center line at the back was fixed with decolored cotton threads by blanket stitches with 3.5~4 cm intervals. Bamboo strands were inserted in the inside of the front-folded part, which then was fixed by patterned stitches with white cotton thread. At the back, a small bamboo clasp was attached so that one can lock it to the headband and prevent it from falling off.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2019

This study was carried out to explore the accuracy of near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) for the prediction of moisture content and chemical parameters on winter annual forage crops. A population of 2454 winter annual forages representing a wide range in chemical parameters was used in this study. Samples of forage were scanned at 1nm intervals over the wavelength range 680-2500nm and the optical data was recorded as log 1/Reflectance(log 1/R), which scanned in intact fresh condition. The spectral data were regressed against a range of chemical parameters using partial least squares(PLS) multivariate analysis in conjunction with spectral math treatments to reduced the effect of extraneous noise. The optimum calibrations were selected based on the highest coefficients of determination in cross validation($R^2$) and the lowest standard error of cross-validation(SECV). The results of this study showed that NIRS calibration model to predict the moisture contents and chemical parameters had very high degree of accuracy except for barely. The $R^2$ and SECV for integrated winter annual forages calibration were 0.99(SECV 1.59%) for moisture, 0.89(SECV 1.15%) for acid detergent fiber, 0.86(SECV 1.43%) for neutral detergent fiber, 0.93(SECV 0.61%) for crude protein, 0.90(SECV 0.45%) for crude ash, and 0.82(SECV 3.76%) for relative feed value on a dry matter(%), respectively. Results of this experiment showed the possibility of NIRS method to predict the moisture and chemical composition of winter annual forage for routine analysis method to evaluate the feed value.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.688-696
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• 2019

This study investigated changes in triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis and tyrosinase activity induced by ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) extract, which cannot be stored for long periods of time due to its high moisture content when it was fermented to improve its storage stability. The accumulation of triglyceride and cholesterol in HepG2 cells inhibited the accumulation with a relatively large magnitude in n-butanol and aqueous fractions that generally have high polarity, however, changes in inhibition potency due to the fermentation were not significant. As for the effect to inhibit tyrosinase activity, when L-tyrosine was used as a substrate, the inhibitory activity was the highest for the aqueous fraction at $60.58{\pm}4.03%$ and $63.35{\pm}4.35%$, before and after fermentation, respectively, which amounted to 72% of that of the positive control group (arbutin, $100{\mu}g/ml$). In addition, when L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) was used as a substrate, the inhibitory activity was also found the highest for the aqueous fraction at $56.85{\pm}1.57%$ and $59.38{\pm}1.74%$, before and after fermentation, respectively, which amounted to at least 88% of that in the positive control (kojic acid, $100{\mu}g/ml$). Overall, the activity of the fermented ice plant extract was similar or a little higher compared to that of the one without fermentation, indicating that fermentation can be a good approach to improve the storage stability of the ice plant.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2019

Objectives : Although delirium is a common complication among patients hospitalized in intensive care units(ICUs), little is known about the roles that diagnostic and therapeutic procedures play in its development. This study investigates the procedure-related risk factors of delirium in ICU patients. Methods : All the consecutive patients admitted to the ICU between June 2016 and May 2017 were routinely evaluated for delirium by psychiatrists. In total, 1156 patients met the inclusion criteria and were retrospectively analyzed. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate independent risk factors of delirium development while adjusting for other characteristics. Results : The age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, proportion of patients who had undergone an operation, and proportion of patients who were foley catheterized, mechanically ventilated, and physically restrained were higher in the delirium group. The multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that the use of restraint was an independent risk factor of delirium (odds ratio : 10.006 ; 95% confidence interval : 6.120-16.360 ; p<0.001). The patient factors independently associated with delirium were an advanced age and a higher APACHE II score. The incidence of delirium was 15.3%. Conclusions : There is a high prevalence of delirium influenced by potentially harmful procedures in patients in ICU settings. The use of physical restraint had the strongest association with the development of delirium. These findings advocate the need to target procedure-related risk factors such as the use of restraints as preventive intervention measures for ICU delirium.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2019

This study was carried out from 2015 to 2016 to identify the suitable sowing and harvesting dates of summer crops in the mountain of Yeongnam, South Korea. The experimental design consisted of the different sowing and harvesting dates as follows: corn hybrid (Z. mays, Kwangpyeongok) of sowing (May 8, 19, and 27) and harvesting (August 10, 20, and 30); sorghum${\times}$sorghum hybrid (Sorghum bicolor ${\times}$ Sorghum bicolor, SS405) of sowing (May 27, June 19 and June 27) and harvesting (August 10, 20, and 30). In corn hybrid, ear rate and dry matter (DM) yield decreased (p<0.05) with the postponement of sowing date. Otherwise, ear rate and DM yield increased (p<0.05) with the postponement of harvesting date. Crude protein content decreased (p<0.05) with the postponement of sowing date, but neutral detergent fiber content increased (p<0.05). In sorghum${\times}$sorghum hybrid, plant length and DM yield with the postponement of harvesting date increased (p<0.05), while crude protein content with the postponement of harvesting date decreased (p<0.05). This study concluded that sowing corn hybrid in early May and sorghum${\times}$sorghum hybrid in early June then harvest in the middle of August was recommend to increase dry matter yield and feed value.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2019

The newly bred Picnic apple was extracted using water and ethanol for extracting solvent. Each water and ethanol extract showed relatively high phenolic compound of 3.69 and 5.55 mg/g. Each water and ethanol extract of Picnic apple showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl of 88.10 and 88.07%, 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) of 98.79 and 97.25%, antioxidant protection factor of 2.07 and 2.00 PF and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances showed anti-oxidation effect of 9.69 and 19.83% all at $100{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics concentration. Therefore extract of Picnic apple can be considered as anti-oxidant for anti-aging. The anti-inflammatory effect (hyaluronidase inhibition) of extract of Picnic apple were 4.62% with water extract and 4.39% with ethanol extract both at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics concentration. Both water and ethanol extract showed low ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibition effect but each showed 67.37 and 79.16% of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition effect at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics concentration. In anti-wrinkle effect, water extract showed each 23.70 and 66.29% in elastase inhibition and collagenase inhibition and ethanol extract showed 64.83 and 65.70% each. These result show high potential for functional food and cosmetic source. Picnic apple was identified to have various functions of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-wrinkle effect, and anti-diabetic effect. Therefore, Picnic apple is qualified as a source for new functional cosmetics and functional foods.