• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to develop the apple dressing sauce added pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) and chitosan which has excellent functionality and scent. An apple dressing sauce with pine added to it was manufactured and tested for sensuality and also for quality changes during storage. The sensory test of the sauces added pine mushroom, the apple dressing sauce added pine mushroom and the apple dressing added pine mushroom and chitosan scored high points. The chromaticity of the apple dressing sauce with pine mushroom compared to the pine didn't show much difference in the L, a, b values and also in the sauces added pine and chitosan, the apple dressing showed less change. At $4^{\circ}C$ and 25, the viscosity of the sauces with pine mushroom showed a small increase in all samples as the storage duration went on. At $4^{\circ}C$, a continuous decrease of the pH was seen in all of the apple dressing sauce added with pine mushroom on storages and from 30 days the pH seemed to start increasing slightly. During storage, the titratable acidity in all samples of the apple dressing with pine mushroom at $4^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\cird}C$ seemed to some what increase as the term went on but there was no significant differences to the acidity. At $4^{\circ}C$, the total viable cells in the apple dressing with pine mushroom showed $1.7{\times}10^{2}CFU/g$ which was the lowest in the beginning of storage period but as the storage period grew longer the total viable cells increased in all of the samples.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.524-531
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• 2013

We investigated the quality characteristics of the Korean and American blueberry. There was a similarity between the general composition and sugar content of the Korean and American values. The pH values showed a low of 3.46 in American blueberries to a high of 4.49 in Korean blueberries. The L (lightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness) value scores of the American blueberry were higher than the Korean blueberry. The levels of total phenol content and DPPH radical scavenging abilities were 205 mg%, 93.48% in the Korean blueberry and 182 mg%, 84.32% in the American blueberry, respectively. The free sugar levels showed fructose 2,514 mg%, glucose 2,315 mg%, and sucrose 69 mg% in the Korean blueberry, while the free sugar levels of the American blueberry showed fructose 2,106 mg%, glucose 1,825 mg%. The contents of organic acid were lactic acid and tartaric acid in the Korean blueberry, while the organic acid in the American blueberry contained tartaric acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, and lactic acid. The Korean blueberry has 12 kinds of free amino acids, while the American blueberry has 9 kinds of free amino acids. Furthermore, the Korean blueberry contains 390 mg% of total amino acids, which was higher than 32% in the American blueberry with 295 mg% of total amino acids. The fatty acid contents of the American blueberry (2,897 mg%) was higher than that of the Korean blueberry (2,783 mg%) as well as in the oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid. The mineral contents of all the samples were P>K>Ca>Mg, respectively. Given the above results, the Korean blueberry bioactive chemicals or properties were thought to be somewhat higher than the American blueberry.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.746-752
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• 2016

This research was carried out to identify aerodynamic property as a function of moisture content for designing equipment such as for post-harvest management. Terminal velocity of two wheat varieties {Backjjung (B) and Jogyeong (J)} with selected sound, damaged kernel and foreign materials (Wheat stick, Wheat husks) were measured with a designed vertical wind column at different moisture contents from about 9 to 30% wet basis. The results showed that terminal velocity of wheat and foreign materials except of Jogyeong's husks (p<0.05) had a significant difference at p<0.001. With increasing moisture content, the aerodynamic property values of the kernels and foreign materials of the two wheat varieties increased linearly. In detail, terminal velocity of sound and damaged kernel increased from 5.46 to 7.13 m/sec (B) and 7.48 to 8.60 m/sec (J), damaged kernel from 5.91 to 7.00 m/sec (B) and 6.48 to 7.75 m/sec (J). For foreign materials the terminal velocity of wheat stick increased from 2.92 to 4.07 m/sec (B) and 3.74 to 5.22 m/sec (J) whereas that of husks from 1.07 to 1.85 m/sec (B) and 2.02 to 2.33 m/sec (J) each. For air separation of wheat and foreign materials, the air flow should be less than 5.22 m/sec due to the range (1.07~5.22 m/sec) of foreign materials in wheat.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1103-1112
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the effects of different cooking methods (boiling, roasting, stir-frying, and deep-frying) on folate retention in 6 kinds of mushrooms (Beech-, button-, Juda's ear-, oak-, oyster-, and winter-mushrooms) frequently consumed in Korea. In order to assure reliability of analytical data, trienzyme extraction-L casei method was verified and analytical quality control was also evaluated. Folate contents of mushrooms varied by 6.04-64.82 g/100 g depending on the type of mushrooms. and were significantly affected by cooking methods. Depending on cooking methods, folate contents of mushrooms decreased by 22-48%, 2-31%, and 17-56% for Juda's ear-, oak- and oyster-mushrooms, respectively, while 17-90% of folate was increased in Beech mushroom. Overall, the largest weight loss was found in boiled mushrooms, but the lowest one in deep-fried samples. True folate retention rates considering processing factor were less than 100% for all cooked mushrooms except for Beech samples. Overall, folate loss was the largest by boiling with water but the smallest by deep-frying. Both accuracy and precision of trienzyme extraction-L-casei method were excellent based on a recovery close to 100% and coefficient variations less than 3%. Quality control chart of folate analysis (n=26) obtained during the entire study and an international proficiency test (z-score=-0.5) showed that trienzyme extraction-L casei method is reliable enough for production of national folate database.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.475-480
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• 2017

A new Gomchwi cultivar 'Damogy ' was bred by crossing between Gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz.) and Handaeri-gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai). The selection and investigation of growth and yield characteristics were conducted from 2006 to 2011 in field and greenhouse of Highland Agriculture Research Institute, NICS, Rural Development Administration, Korea. On a newly developed cultivar 'Damogy', Color of petiole ear was purple, petiole trichome was exist, light of leaf back was not exist, and density of leaf vein was degree 4. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length were 45.9, 16.9, 21.1 and 29.0 cm, respectively in the $3^{rd}$ year in growth characteristics. Plant size was also higher than that of Gondalbi. Bolting and flowering time were Aug. $23^{th}$ and Sept. $10^{th}$, respectively. In contrast, Gondalbi showed quite earlier bolting time more than 38 days compared with 'Damogy' and consequently earlier flowering time more than 26 day. 'Damogy' showed similar leaf number (129) per plant compared to 'Gondalbi' (130). Furthermore, yield was higher 'Damogy' (1,889 g/plant) than in 'Gondalbi' (798 g/plant). 'Damogy' showed higher leaf thickness (0.71 mm) than 'Gonalbi' (0.46 mm), and consequently showed more hardness in leaf characteristics ($28.3kg/cm^2$) compared with 'Gondalbi' ($23.0kg/cm^2$). 'Damogy' showed higher resistance in the susceptibility of powdery mildew disease compared to 'Gondalbi'. 'Damogy' variety was registered plant variety protection right as a No. 89 on December 2015.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.485-488
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• 2012

The life table of the Striped Fruit Fly, Bactrocera scutellata, was analyzed by using adult longevity and fecundity of B. scutellata at seven constant temperatures (15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, $33{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$) with 65% RH and 16L:8D in the laboratory. The highest values of longevity were observed at $21^{\circ}C$ with the values of 138.0 days for male and 131.2 days for female, respectively. Females of B. scutellata did not oviposit under $18^{\circ}C$ and larvae of B. scutellata could not survive to adulthood over $33^{\circ}C$. The highest value of total fecundity was observed at $24^{\circ}C$ (111.4 eggs) and daily fecundity per female was observed at approximately 1.0. The parameters of the life table were calculated by using the data from eggs to adults of B. scutellata at 4 different temperatures. Net reproduction rate ($R_o$) was highest at $21^{\circ}C$ (52.27). The intrinsic rate of increase ($r_m$) and the finite rate of increase per day (${\lambda}$) were highest at $27^{\circ}C$ (0.07 and 1.07), respectively. The doubling time ($D_t$) was shortest at $27^{\circ}C$ (with 10.02). The mean generation time (T) was shortest at $27^{\circ}C$(50.39).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.135-146
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• 2002

Background and Purpose : This study shows the clinical effects on treatment with Rheumatoid arthritis using Aqua-acupuncture such as Ursi Fel Bovis Calculus and Cathami Flos that are known for which have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Objective and Methods : This study has been carried out Aqua-acupuncture treatment such as Cathami Flos and Ursi Fel Bovis Calculus twice or three times a week with patients diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis on 7 criteria of US Rheumatism Academy. Results : 1. If you see the sexual distribution, it shows the rates of male and female 1: 1.83. Age distribution shows as age ascend it shows high. 2. If you see the duration distribution, it shows chronic tendency in order of more than 6 months(63.3%), 2 to 5 months, and I month. 3. If you see the invaded distribution, it shows chronic tendency in order of hand(37 cases), wrist joint(34 cases), knee joint(32 cases), ankle joint(21 cases), elbow joint(16 cases), shoulder joint(14 cases), feet(14 cases), hip joint(9 cases), low back(6 cases), neck(4 cases). 4. Seeing the mean post-therapeutic index among groups on RA factor level distinction, it shows that 0-18(normal range) scored 89.0, 19-50 scored 94.8, 51-80 scored 101.2, 81-100 scored 97.3, 101-140 scored 102.4, above 141 scored 97.5. 5. Seeing the mean post-therapeutic index among groups on CRP level distinction, it shows that 0-0.4(normal range) scored 100, 0.5-1.0 scored 48.6, 1.1-2.0 scored 34.9, 2.1-3.0 scored 35.7, 3.1-4.0 scored 37.1, 4.1-5.0 scored 53.8, above 5.0 scored 70.4. 6. Seeing the mean post-therapeutic index among groups on ESR level distinction, it shows that 0-20(normal range) scored 48.6, 21-40 scored 57.5, 41-60 scored 59.2, 61-80 scored 59.2, above 81 scored 66.0. 7. If you see the satisfactory assesment after Aqua-acupuncture treatment such as Cathami Flos and Ursi Fel Bovis Calculus, Excellent is 11 cases, Good is 14 cases, and Moderate 5 cases. Conclusion : It will be better effects, if herbal medicine, moxibustion, and acupuncture are used together with Cathami Flos and Ursi Fel Bovis Calculus on rheumatoid arthritis as chronic inflammatory disease.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.31-43
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• 1973

The trend in modern nursing is toward the performance of comprehensive nursing care. Psychiatric nursing emphasizes education which enables the nurse to understand the underlying difficulties being expressed through a wide range of emotions and through practice to be more adept in her selection of a manner of approach which best meets the needs of a given situation. Presently, in Korea, there is nothing in the literature regarding evaluation of the effect of psychiatric nursing education on the attitudes of nurses towards mental illness and mentally ill patients. This stud!1 was attempted in order to understand 1) some of the problems in psychiatric nursing education 2) some of tile factors which affect the attitudes of nurses towards mental illness and mental patients. A questionnaire, a Korean translation of the "Opinions about Mental illness Scale" by Cohen and Stranding, 1962, was administered to 188 nonpsychiatric registered nurses employed in Yonsei University Hospital (Y. Hospital) and Seoul National University Hospital (S. Hospital) located in the city of Seoul. All of the nurses were directly involved with adult patient care. They graduated from various nursing schools. The data was collected during the period of October 2 to October 16,1972. The age, educational background , marital status, type of previous psychiatric experience, experience as a graduate nurse and close personal relationship with someone who was a psychiatric patient were compared with the O.M.I. scores. The mean and standard errors for each of the comparison groups were computed and tile relationships calculated by a t-test. The results of the study are summarized as follow: 1. There is no significant difference between the age of the nurses and their attitudes toward mental illness and mental patients. 2. There is no significant difference between the. educational backgrounds of the nurses and their attitudes toward mental illness and mental patients. 3. There is a significant difference in the nurses ′student psychiatric nursing experience and their attitudes towards mental illness and mental patients for the nurses in 5. Hospital only. The nurses who had 3-4 week of student psychiatric nursing experience had a significantly higher mean score for Benevolence (factor B) than nurses whose student psychiatric experience had been less than 1 Ivcek (P<0.05). The nurses who had 1-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks and more than 4 weeks of student psychiatric nursing experience had significantly higher mean scores for Interpersonal Ethology (factor E) than nurses whose student psychiatric had been less than 1 week (p<0.05), 4. There is a significant difference in the nurses′student psychiatric nursing experience by types of institution and their attitudes towards mental illness and mental patients for S. Hospital nurses only. The nurses who had their student psychiatric nursing experience in the government psychiatric hospitals recorded significantly higher mean score for Authoritarianism (factor A) than nurses who had their. experience in private psychiatric hospitals (p<0.05). 5. There is no significant difference in the nurses′psychiatric nursing experience as a graduate nurse and their attitudes toward mental illness and mental patients. 6. There is no significant difference in the nature and variety of the nurses′experience as a graduate nurse and their attitude toward mental illness and mental patients. 7. There is no significant difference in the presence or absence of a close personal relationship with a mentally ill person and the nurses′attitude toward mental illness and mental patients. 8. There is no significant difference in the nurses′ marital status and their attitude toward mental illness and mental patients. 9. There is no significant difference between the nurses who were employed ill S. and Y. hospitals and their attitudes towards mental illness and mental patients. Major suggestion for further study was to have more larger and wider scale research for establishing of the reliability and validity of the Korean translation of the O.H.I. Scale.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.17-31
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• 1974

Today, over seventy five percent of nursing in Korea provide a psychiatric experience in the basic curriculum. The psychiatric affiliation presents numerous major problems of adjustment to the student. The Importance of positive attitude toward the nursing care of psychiatric patients is recognized by the nursing profession. I have fined out the unfavorable attitude of non collegiate nursing students toward psychiatric nursing affiliation by previous research. This study was undertaken in response to a felt need to explore the use of several devices which might yield information about attitudes toward psychiatric nursing as a basis for future planning of the program offered at a selected hospital. This study is designed to meet the following objectives; (1) In order to find out the expressed attitudes of fifty·three collegiate nursing students toward their psychiatric affiliation. (2) To compare responses given by selected group of collegiate and non collegiate nursing students to same questionnaire (3) To determine the relationship between the attitudes of nursing students toward psychiatric nursing and the type of instructions where experience was obtained. A questionnaire, a Korean translation of the "Psychiatric Nursing Attitude Questionnaire" by Moldered Elizabeth fletcher, was administered to fifty-three collegiate nursing students who had completed a four-week psychiatric affiliation in a S hospital psychiatric ward during May 7, 1973 to Dec. 16, 1973. - The questionnaire of 100 statements was administered in the following way; (1) Part Ⅰ, Preconceptions, was, given in individual conferences with each subject, during the first few days of their affiliation, and again during the final week of affiliation. The responses to Part I were oral. (2) Part Ⅱ, Expectations, Part Ⅲ, Personal Relations, Part Ⅳ, Personal Feelings, and Part V, Attitudes and Activities of Patients were given to all of the subjects in a group meeting during the second week of the affiliation, and again, during the fourth week at the termination of the affiliation. Responses to Parts Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ·, and V, were written. Each of the 100 statements of the questionnaire was considered to be either Positive or Negative. A favorable response was assigned the positive value of 1 and an unfavorable response was assigned the Negative value of O. The coefficient of correlation was computed between the two sets of scores for the fifty-three nursing students, The mean score, the standard deviation, and the differences in the means on each of the five parts of the questionnaire were computed and the relationships calculated by at-test. The results of the study were as follows; 1. There was no significant correlation between the two sets of the scores for the fifty-three nursing students during the four-week psychiatric affiliation. (r= 0.36) 2. There was no significant difference in the mean scores between the first and final tests for any of the questionnaire. 3. The Part Ⅰ, Preconceptions, data indicated collegiate nursing students have positive attitudes in preconceptions than non collegiate nursing students and preconceptions toward the psychiatric affiliation which affect their psychiatric nursing experience. 4. The Part Ⅱ, Expectations, data indicated more appropriate expectations of collegiate nursing students related to pre psychiatric affiliation orientation and sufficient theory learning than non-collegiate nursing students. 5. The Part Ⅲ, Personal relations, data indicated some students have negative attitudes in personal relations with normal people in respect to psychological security and social responsibilities. 6. The Part Ⅳ, Personal feelings, data indicated nursing students have psychological insecurity & inappropriateness. 7. The Part V, Attitudes and activities of patients, data indicated collegiate nursing students have more positive attitudes to the psychotic behavior of certain situations due to sufficient theory learning. 8. The data indicated collegiate·nursing students have more positive attitude than non-collegiate nursing students. 5. The Part Ⅲ, Personal relations, data indicated some students have negative attitudes in personal relations with normal people in respect to psychological security and social responsibilities. 6. The Part Ⅳ, Personal feelings, data indicated nursing students have psychological insecurity & inappropriateness. 7. The Part V, Attitudes and activities of patients, data indicated collegiate nursing students have more positive attitudes to the psychotic behavior of certain situations due to sufficient theory learning. 8. The data indicated collegiate·nursing students have more positive attitude than non-collegiate nursing students through psychiatric affiliation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1985

The author obtained the oblique lateral trans cranial radiograms from 376 patients (114 of male, and 262 of female) with temporomandibular joint arthrosis. After tracing each film, the author analyzed the dimensional changes of the condylar heads with pain, clicking, mouth opening limitation, and masticatory difficulty respectively, which were the chief complaints of the TMJ arthrosis and compared these data with control group. The results were as follows; 1. There was a great predilection for occurrence of the TMJ arthrosis in female (262 cases) over male (114 cases). But there was no significant difference in ratio between the sexes on each symptom. In male, 60 patients (52.6%) had pain, 28 patients (24.6%) had clicking, 21 patients (18.4%) had mouth opening limitation, and 5 patients (4.4%) had masticatory difficulty. In female, 148 parients (56.5%) had pain, 57 patients (21.8%) had clicking, 47 patients (17.9%) had mouth opening limitation, and 10 patients (3.8%) had masticatory difficulty. 2. Examined controlled group, the author analyzed the dimension of W-W', 0-H, 0-A, 0-B on the right side first, and left side second. In male, the dimension of W-W' was 14.52㎜, 14.13㎜; 0-H was 13.92㎜, 13. 71㎜' 0-A was 8.91㎜, 9.0㎜ and 0-B was 8.67㎜, 8.78㎜. In female, W-W' was 13.77㎜, 13.51㎜; 0-H was 13.42㎜, 13.35㎜; 0-A was 8.92㎜, 9.01㎜; and 0-B was 8.59㎜, 8.80㎜. 3. W-W' and 0-H of the experimental group were distinctly lesser than the controlled group. Male with mouth opening limitation show the least (12.70㎜, 13.00㎜) on W-W', but both sexes with pain show the least on 0-H. There was no significant difference between experimental group with Clicking and controlled group on 0-H, 0-A, and 0-B. And also there was no difference on 0-B in patients with every symptom except masticatory difficulty. The dimensional changes of the condylar heads with those symptoms were as follows; a) In male patients, complaing of pain, W-W' of the right and left was 13.80㎜, 12.80㎜; 0-H was 13.10㎜, 12.90㎜; 0-A was 8.69㎜, 8.18㎜; 0-B was 8.33㎜, 8.42㎜. In female, W-W' was 13.01㎜, 12.90㎜; 0-H was 12.48㎜, 12.80㎜; 0-A was 8.60㎜, 8.49㎜; 0-B was 8.48㎜, 8.50㎜. b) In male patients with clicking, W-W' was 13.70㎜, 13.10㎜; 0-H was 13.90㎜, 13.10㎜; 0-A was 8.81㎜, 8.16㎜ 0-B was 8.34㎜, 8.25㎜. In female, W-W' was 13.10㎜, 13.50㎜; 0-H was 13.30㎜, 12.91㎜; 0-A was 8.95㎜, 8.49㎜; 0-B was 8.23㎜, 8.70㎜. c) In male patients with mouth opening limitation, W-W' was 12.70㎜, 13.00㎜; 0-H was 13.40㎜, 13.40㎜; 0-A was 8.37㎜, 8.48㎜; 0-B was 8.33㎜, 8.62㎜. In female, W-W' was 13.00㎜, 12.50㎜ 0-H was 12.90㎜, 13.10㎜; 0-A was 8.49㎜, 8.09㎜; 0-B was 8.77㎜, 8.01㎜. d) In male patients with masticatory difficulty, W-W' was 13.30㎜, 13.20㎜; 0-H was 13.40㎜, 12.60㎜; 0-A was 8.26㎜, 8.32㎜; 0-B was 7.80㎜, 8.20㎜. In female, W-W' was 12.30㎜, 12.00㎜; 0-H was 13.10㎜, 13.20㎜; 0-A was 8.68㎜, 7.95㎜; 0-B was 7.46㎜, 7.87㎜.