• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1007-1013
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• 2004

The study was conducted to investigate per oral (PO) effects of Raspberry wine on testosterone levels in Sprague-Dawley rats. Raspberry wine of 13% alcohol concentration, was prepared from ripen fruits of Rubus coreanus fermented with Saccharomyces cervisiae. PO administration of Raspberry wine for 15 week (group A) produced dramatic increases of serum testosterone levels. Increase in the testosterone level was observed, using gamma counter with 1251 testosterone, starting from 1 week post administration. Maximum increase in testosterone level was observed at 5 week post administration, 7.486±6.482ng/mL, which was 14.6 times higher than normal and at 15 weeks post administration it was recorded as 1.84±3.516ng/mL. However, PO administration of Saccharomyces cervisiae broth (Group B) and 13% brewed alcohol (group C) for 15 weeks resulted slight increase in testosterone levels, indicating Raspberry wine as an effective phyto-testosogenic beverage of the future.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.86-90
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• 1980

To define the effect of planting time on the flowering of the peanut varieties, Cheonyup banlip and 9 other varieties were planted seven times at 15 day interval from April 15. The days to flowering of all peanut varieties were shortened proportionately with delayed planting time. The significant negative correlation (r =-0.86**) was recognized between the shortening rate of the days to flowering by later planting time and the days to flowering of peanuts planted at standard seeding time. The short day treatment did not have any effect on the chance of the days to flowering of each variety. A significant negative correlation was recognized between the number of flowers and the days to flowering of the peanut varieties planted at standard seeding time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1752-1757
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to assess the dietary effect of T-2 toxin on the antioxidant systems of the liver in growing quail and to comparatively evaluate the protective properties of two different mycotoxin-adsorbent additives, Mycosorb and zeolite, in preventing inhibition of the antioxidant system. Four groups of 4 day old quail were formed with 20 birds in each group. The birds were maintained on the floor for the course of the study. The three treatment diets consisted of the basal diet with T-2 toxin added in the form of Fusarium sporotrichioides culture (8.1 mg/kg feed), T-2 toxin (8.1 mg/kg) plus zeolite (30 g/kg feed), and T-2 toxin (8.1 mg/kg) plus Mycosorb (1 g/kg feed). After 30 days of feeding (34 days old) all birds were sacrificed and liver samples for biochemical analyses were collected from five quail in each of the four groups. Antioxidant concentrations were evaluated by HPLC-based methods. Inclusion of T-2 toxin in the quail diet was associated with a significant (p<0.05) decrease in concentrations of all forms of antioxidants studied, including ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherols, ascorbic acid, retinol and retinyl esters. At the same time, liver susceptibility to lipid peroxidation significantly (p<0.05) increased. Inclusion of zeolite in the quail diet at the level of 3% was ineffective in preventing antioxidant depletion in the liver by mycotoxicosis. In contrast, Mycosorb in the diet at a 0.1% level was able to significantly inhibit liver antioxidant depletion and as a result decreased lipid peroxidation in the liver. Concentrations of all forms of antioxidants studied were significantly higher in the livers of the quails fed the basal and T-2 toxin/Mycosorb combination in comparison to birds fed the basal with T-2 toxin alone.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 1997

In order to investigate experimentally that effect of Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture on acutely damaged liver of rats induced by radix aconiti, the author gave Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture according to method of manufacture stimulation to corresponding points, Kan-su(B18) and Ki-mun(Liv14), and carried out hematological, serological observation. Experimental groups were divided into 2 group : the one group was injected with extracted solution prepared by distillation method (A aqua-acupuncture treatment group), the other group was injected with extracted solution prepared by alchol extraction method (B aqua-acupuncture treatment group). The following results were obtained : 1. WBC level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 12, 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. RBC and hemoglobin levels were not changed significantly in the experimental groups. 2. Total cholesterol level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 12, 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. ALP level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 6 and 24 hours as compared with the control group. ${\gamma}-GTP$ level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours as compared with the control group. 3. GOT level was decreased significantly in the experimental groups at 6 and 12 hours as compared with the control group. GPT level was decreased siginificantly in the experimental groups at 12, 24 and 96 hours as compared with the control group. According to the above findings, it is considered that Moschus, Bovis Calculus, Ursi Fel aqua-acupuncture has effects of recovery of acutely damaged liver.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2008

The nickel and cobalt resistance of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 is mediated by the CnrCBA efflux pump encoded by the cnrYHXCBAT metal resistance determinant. The products of the three genes cnrYXH transcriptionally regulate expression of cnr. CnrY and CnrX are membrane-bound proteins, probably functioning as anti-sigma factors, whereas CnrH is a cnr-specific extracytoplasmic functions (ECF) sigma factor. The periplasmic domain of CnrX (residues 29-148) was cloned as a N-terminal His-tagged protein, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified using affinity chromatography and gel filtration. The molecular mass was estimated to be about 13.6kDa by size exclusion chromatography, corresponding to a monomer. The tetragonal bipyramid crystals were obtained by mixing an equal volume of protein in 50mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1% glycerol, 100mM NaCl, 1mM DTT, and the reservoir solution of 15% w/v PEG 2000, 100mM lithium chloride at 277K in 2-4 days using hanging drop vapor diffusion. The protein concentration was 24mg/ml. The crystal that diffracted to $2.42{\AA}$ resolution belongs to space group $P4_1\;or\;P4_3$ with unit cell parameters of $a=b=32.14{\AA},\;c=195.31{\AA},\;{\alpha}={\beta}={\gamma}=90^{\circ}$, with one molecule of CnrX in the asymmetric unit.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 2006

New application of rice was carried out by coating the rice with the mixture solution of ginseng and chungkukjang water extract The physicochemical characteristics of the coated rice were investigated. Moisture content of uncoated (15.26%) and coated rice$(15.57\sim15.66%)$ was not different significantly. The contents of crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash of the coated rice were higher as much as $4.28\sim11.82%\;8.47\sim47.46%$, and $11.54\sim42.31%$ than those of control, respectively. As total free amino acids in coated rice were increased by augmenting the amount of the extract, total free amino acids according to rate was increased to $3.1\sim7.8$ times. The major amino acids in the coated rice was alanine$(19.56\sim39.88\;mg%)$, leucine$(5.14\sim17.66\;mg%)$, and proline$(9.98\sim16.82\;mg%)$. Of those amino acids, alanine and $\gamma-aminobutyric$ acid in only coated rice were detected to the level of $19.56\sim39.88\;mg%$ and $7.78\sim12.36\;mg%$ respectively. The calcium amount of coated rice was increased to 15% to 20%. As increasing the coating rate, hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and brittleness of coated rice were decreased, but springiness was increased. Before cooking, the color of coated rice appeared yellow and after cooking turned to the light yellow. The color intensity was increased feasibly as increasing the coating rate. The sensory characteristic of rice coated manufactured by adding 15% of the extract was best and found to be similar to that of the control.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1964

The viscosities of strong electrolytic solutions, such as KCl, KI and NaI have been measured over a fairy wide range of concentration variation (from 0.00002 to 3.7M). It was hoped that a study of the data in the light of modern theories on solution might reveal new relation between viscosity and surface tension of electrolytic solution. To secure more accurate measurements of viscosity and surface tension of the solutions, Ostwald viscometer was made with pyrex glass and modified the timing system for the transit of the meniscus with a new electronics system and with a pulse counter. As the experimental data obtained were in good agreement with the Jone's values, Jones-Dole equations for the electrolytic solutions were deduced, ${\eta}KCl\;=\;1\;+\;0.0052{\sqrt{c}}\;-\;0.01612c\;+\;0.00808c^2\;at\;30^{\circ}C$ ${\eta}KI\;=\;1\;+\;0.0220{\sqrt{c}}\;-\;0.01290c\;+\;0.02988c^2\;at\;25^{\circ}C$${\eta}Na\; =\;1\;+\;0.0240{\sqrt{c}}\;-\;0.0640c\;+\;0.03268c^2\;at\;25^{\circ}C$Gruneisen effect appeared in the dilute solution, whereas anti-Gruneisen effect was found for the extremely dilute solution. No satisfactory interpretation for the variation of the viscosity with concentration can be found at the present.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2012

Objective : The aim of this study was to describe a single center's experience in the management of craniopharyngiomas in children over a 15-year period. Methods : The clinical records of pediatric patients treated for craniopharyngiomas between December 1995 and February 2011 were reviewed. Thirty-five pediatric patients diagnosed with craniopharyngioma were treated, and their medical records and imaging data were analyzed retrospectively. Results : The mean follow-up duration was 76 months (range, 10-195). Overall survival and local control rates at 10 years were $94.7{\pm}5.1%$ and $37.1{\pm}11.9%$, respectively. The female-to-male ratio was 16 : 19, and the mean age was 8.6 years (range, 1-17). Initially, gross total resection (GTR) was performed in 30 patients; subtotal resection (STR) followed by radiotherapy was performed in 5 patients. Of the 14 cases that showed recurrence after GTR, 5 patients were treated with GTR, 1 with radiation therapy (RT), 4 with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS), and 4 with subtotal resection followed by RT. No patients who underwent RT or GKRS had recurrences. Two cases with recurrence after STR followed by RT were treated with GTR. One patient died of hormonal insufficiency 64 months after the first surgery. The overall median time progression was 51.2 months (range, 3-182) : 49.7 months in the patients who underwent GTR and 60.2 months in the patients who underwent STR followed by RT. Conclusion : If safe resection is possible, GTR at the initial treatment should be attempted to reduce the tumor recurrence. However, if the tumor recurs after the first surgery, RT or GKRS with/without reoperation may be an effective salvage treatment for recurrent craniopharyngioma.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.408-415
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• 2004

The expression of the Paenibacillus sp. A11 cyclodextrinase (CDase) gene using the pUC 18 vector in Escherichia coli JM 109 resulted in the formation of an insoluble CDase protein in the cell debris in addition to a soluble CDase protein in the cytoplasm. Unlike the expression in Paenibacillus sp. A11, CDase was primarily observed in cytoplasm. However, by adding 0.5 M sorbitol as an osmolyte, the formation of insoluble CDase was prevented while a three-fold increase in cytoplasmic CDase activity was achieved after a 24 h-induction. The recombinant CDase protein was purified to approximately 14-fold with a 31% recovery to a specific activity of 141 units/mg protein by 40-60% ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Toyopearl 650 M, and Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B chromatography. It was homogeneous by non-denaturing and SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 80 kDa, as determined by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE. It showed the highest activity at pH 7.0 and $40^{\circ}C$. The catalytic efficiency ($k_{cat}/K_m$) values for $\alpha$-, $\beta$-, and $\gamma$-CD were $3.0{\times}10^5$, $8.8{\times}10^5$, and $5.5{\times}10^5\;M^{-1}\;min^{-1}$, respectively. The enzyme hydrolyzed CDs and linear maltooligosaccharides to yield maltose and glucose with less amounts of maltotriose and maltotetraose. The rates of hydrolysis for polysaccharides, soluble starch, and pullulan were very low. The cloned CDase was strongly inactivated by N-bromosuccinimide and diethylpyrocarbonate, but activated by dithiothreitol. A comparison of the biochemical properties of the CDases from Paenibacillus sp. A11 and E. coli transformant (pJK 555) indicates that they were almost identical.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 1991

Four novel amphoteric surfactants of N-(2-alkylamidoethyl)-N, N-dimethyl ammonioacetates were synthesized. The each reaction between four saturated fatty acids containing 10, 12, 14 and 16 carbon atoms and N, N-dimethylethylene diamine permitted to give the intermediate products, N-(2-alkylamidoethyl)-N, N-dimethylamines. Quaterinzation of these intermediates was permitted to form N-(2-alkylamidoethyl)-N, N-dimethyl, ammonioacetates, whose sturctures were identified by CC, TLC, elemental analysis, IR pectrophotometry and $^1$HNMR spectrometry. The products yielded from 48% to 58%. The isoelectric points were shown in the range of $4.30{\sim}6.64$. It showed a tendency to learn to the acidic site and its range was broadened as increase of the hydrophobic group length. Surface tensions of the aqueous solution in the $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-1}$mol/l of amidobetaines were measured. and the critical micell concentration(cmc) were shown in the range of $8.37{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}8.96{\times}10^{-2}$mol/l, and ${\Gamma}_{cmc}$ were reduced to 32.3~38.2 dyne/cm. A linear relationship between log cmc and the number of carbon in the hydrophobic alkyl chain was presented by the formula of log cmc=2.38-0.5n, and the contribution-rate of n on the standard free energy change in micellization ${\partial}({\Delta}G^0$$_m)/{\partial}n$, was calulated as -0.5RT.