• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.212-220
• /
• 2001

This study was performed to establish the analytical method of radium and radon in various environmental samples with the ${\gamma}$-ray spectrometry. The major problem in the measurements of low level ${\gamma}$-ray, such as environmental radioactivity, is the fluctuation of ${\gamma}$-ray background spectrum. To overcome this problem, a nitrogen gas was filled up in the detector chamber to reduce the background counts due to airborne radioactivities, i.e., $^{214}Pb$ and $^{214}Bi$, the daughters of $^{222}Rn$ in air. When nitrogen gas flowed around the detector, peak counts of ${\gamma}$-rays from the daughters of $^{222}Rn$ decreased about 80% below 1 MeV and about 20~50% above 1 MeV. The use of nitrogen purging results in approximately tenfold increment of sensitivity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 1969

1. In order to obtain useful mutants such as early maturity, resistance to lodging, high protein and oil content, and capability of high yield, dormant seeds of two soybean varieties, Jang Dan Baik Mok and Clark, were treated with ${\gamma}$-ray, Ethyl Methane Sulfonate(EMS), Ethylene Imine(EI)and combinations of ${\gamma}$-ray and EMS or EI. 2. The germination rate and survival rate in a variety Jang Dan Baik Mok were significantly decreased with ${\gamma}$-ray treatment while it was not the same in the Clark variety. A significant decrease for seedling height measured at 14 and 21 days after sowing was found with the increase of ${\gamma}$-ray dose in both varieties. 3. Germination rates in both varieties were significantly decreased as EI concentration increases, particularly severe damage in germination was observed at 0.008 Mo. concentration. Germination rate damages were found with EMS concentration increases in the variety Jang Dan Baik Mok while no regular responses in seedling height were observed in the variety Clark. 4. Germination rate was significantly lowered with the combined treatment of EMS and ${\gamma}$-ray 24KR than that of EMS alone. In the treatments of ${\gamma}$-ray with three levels of EI concentration, the combined treatments except 24KR+EI 0.002 Mol. resulted in better germination than of EI alone. In both varieties, significant reduction in seedling height was observed in the combined treatments of ${\gamma}$-ray with various concentrations of EMS, whereas stimulation effect on seedling height was found with treatment of ${\gamma}$-ray EI +0.08Mol. 5. Germination rate, survival rate, and plant height as criteria of radio sensitivity, variety Jang Dan Baik Mok is moze sensitive to ${\gamma}$-ray, EMS, and EI than the variety Clark, and the varietal difference in responsibility to mutagen may be due to the genetic-constitution of the varieties.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.325-333
• /
• 1986

In order to know the kinds of liver function tests which are applicable to the hepatotoxicity experiment in Korean black goats, 0.3ml of carbon tetrachloride per kilogram body weight was injected intraruminally in 6 Korean black goats and 8 liver function tests were performed sequentially during the 14-day experimental course. Serum total bilirubin concentration, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and BUN concentrotion were suggested not to be applicable to the hepatotoxicity experiment in Korean black goats as they were not altered significantly during the 14-day experimental course. Indocyanine green T 1/2, Serum AST, SDH, gamma-GTP, and OCT activities were suggested to be applicable as sensitive indicators to the hepatotoxicity experiment in Korean black goats.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1993.04a
• /
• pp.75-75
• /
• 1993

The general pharmacological profiles of SKI 2053R were investigeted on the central nervous system, autonomic nervous system, respiratory-cardiovascular system, digestive system and other systems. SKI 2053R had no significant pharmacological effects. Pharmacokinetic studies on time-course of blood levels, tissue distribution and excretion of SKI 20S3R were performed in rats and beagle dogs after intravenous administration of $^{14}$ C-labeled SKI 2053R. The blood level of radioactivity decreased in bi-or tri-exponential manners: rapidly decreased at $\alpha$-phase but slowly decreased at $\beta$-or ${\gamma}$-phase. $^{14}$ C SKI 2053R was well distributed to all tissues except central nervous system. Tissue concentration profiles of radioactivity were almost consistent wi th those of blood, but higher than those of plasma from 1 to 168 hrs after administration. Also, these results were consistent wi th those of whole body ARG study. The urinary and fecal excretions of radioactivity within 168 hr after administration were 84-87 and 9-11 ％ of total radioactivity of $^{14}$ C-SKI 2053R administered. In lactating rats, the levels of radioactivity in the milk were significantly lower than that in the blood, but slightly higher than that in the plasma. The disapperance of the radioactivity from the milk was similar as that in the plasma.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.62 no.1
• /
• pp.14-18
• /
• 2018

The complexes $[Zn(L)(H_2O)_2]{\cdot}2NO_2$ (1) and $[Zn(L)(NO_3)_2]$ (2) (L = 3,14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo $[14,4,0^{1.18},0^{7.12}]$docosane) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system $P2_1/c$ with a = 8.74650(10), b = 18.6880(3), c = $7.96680(10){\AA}$, ${\beta}=109.1920(10)^{\circ}$, $V=1229.84(3){\AA}^3$, Z = 2. The compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system P1 with a = 8.1292(5), b = 8.9244(5), c = $9.1398(5){\AA}$, ${\alpha}=68.035(2)$, ${\beta}=70.109(2)$, ${\gamma}=75.649(3)^{\circ}$, $V=572.70(6){\AA}^3$, Z = 1. The crystal structures of the compounds 1 and 2 show a distorted octahedral coordination geometry around the zinc(II) ion, with four secondary amines and two oxygen atoms of the two water and two nitrate ligands at the axial position. The TGA behaviors of the complexes are significantly affected by the nature of the tetraaza macrocycle and the axial ligands.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.53 no.spc
• /
• pp.115-120
• /
• 2008

Lipid soluble vitamin E consists of tocopherols and tocotrienols depending upon double bonds in phytyl side chains attached to chromanol ring. Recent reports on antioxidative, anticancer, and cholesterol-lowering effects of tocotrienols have increased researches and commercialization of tocotrienols. Purple perilla (Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo) has been reported as a plant containing tocotrienols along with tocopherol forms of vitamin E based upon normal phase HPLC analysis. To confirm the existence or absence of tocotrienol form of vitamin E in purple perilla, comparative analysis using HPLC, GC/FID, and GC/MSD has been conducted for 14 purple perilla genetic accessions collected from Korea and Japan. Normal phase HPLC analysis showed ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-$, ${\gamma}-$, and ${\delta}-tocopherols$ along with peaks with retention times quite similar to ${\beta}-$ and ${\gamma}-tocotrienols$. Same purple perilla samples, analysed by GC exhibited ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-$, ${\gamma}-$, and ${\delta}-tocopherols$ quantitatively equivalent to HPLC results. However, no peaks for ${\beta}-$ and ${\gamma}-tocotrienols$ could be observed and unknown two peaks of similar retention times with ${\beta}-$ and ${\gamma}-tocotrienols$ were identified not corresponding tocotrienols by GC/MSD. These results suggest the absence of tocotrienol form of vitamin E in purple perilla as well as the necessity of using GC-based qualitative and quantitative vitamin E analysis to avoid misinterpretation of peaks with similar retention times as tocotrienol isomers when analysed by an HPLC.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.95-100
• /
• 1973

In order to study the effect of gamma-ray on the storage stability and quality of polished wheat, the grain was irradiated at $50{\sim}1000$ krad levels and quality assessment was made for three-month storage period. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Growth of molds was apparent at equilibrium moisture content above 14.8% of the grain, but their growth was retarded at 250 krad level. 2) Irradiation at 250 krad level had no adverse effect on fat acidity, reducing sugar content and color of the grain. 3) Irradiation of the grain caused the increase of degree of gelatinization and the decrease of viscosity. 4) Irradiation at 250 krad level brought about higher digestibility of the grain but had no effect on the rate of retrogradation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 1969

Whole cure shrimp, eviscerated common squid and little squid meats were irradiated with gamma radiation from 60Co using varying dose up to one Mrad. Changes in quality were assessed by organoleptic, chemical (VRS and TMA-N), biochemical (hypoxanthine) and microbiological tests； and the effect of radiation on prolonging of the storage life at 2-4 C was studied. With the cure shrimp, 0.12-0.20 Mrad appears to be optimal with 8 days of storage life, whereas the unirradiated control samples had a storage life of 3 days. With the common squid meat, 0.20-0.30 Mrad appears to be optimal with 14-21 days of storage life, where-as the unirradiated control samples had a storage life of 8 days. And for the little squid meat, 0.12-0.20 Mrad appears to be optimal with 10 days of storage, where-as the unirradiated control samples had a storage life of 5 to 6 days.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.155-170
• /
• 2003

$Cu-Ce/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ based catalysts were prepared and tested for selective oxidation of CO in a $H_2$-rich stream(1% CO, 1% $O_2$, 60% $H_2$, $N_2$ as balance). The effects of Cu loading and weight ratio(=Cu/(Cu+Ce)) upon both activity and selectivity were investigated upon the change in temperatures, It was also examined how the activity and selectivity of catalysts were varied with the presence of $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ in the reactant feed. Among the various Cu-Ce catalysts with different catalytic metal composition, Cu-Ce(4 : 16 wf%) /${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalyst showed the highest activity(>$T_{99}$) and selectivities(50-80%) under wide range of temperatures($175-220^{\circ}C$). However, in the Cu-Ce(4 : 16 wt%)/ ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$, the presence of $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ in the reactant feed decreased the activity and the maximum activity(>$T_{99}$) in terms of reaction temperature moved by about $25^{\circ}C$ toward higher temperature, the $T_{>99}$ window was seen between $210-230^{\circ}C$ (selectivity 50-75%). From $CO_2-/H_2O-TPD$, it can be concluded that the main cause for the decrease in catalytic activity may be attributed to the blockage of the active sites by competitive adsorption of water vapor and $CO_2$ with the reactant at low temperatures.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.340-350
• /
• 2007

The objective of this study was to determine whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$(PPAR${\gamma}$ is involved in the regulation of weaning to estrus of primiparous sows. Twelve sows composed of 6 groups of 2 full-sibs in a similar age (325.2 d), body weight (BW; 152.4 kg) and backfat thickness (BFT; 27.0 mm) at start of lactation, were allocated to accept 31 MJ (restricted group, R-group) or 53 MJ (control group, C-group) DE/d treatment, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the low energy intake resulted in excessive losses of BW and BFT during lactation in R-group sows, which may be related to decrease of serum 15-deoxy-${\Delta}^{12,14}$-prostaglandin $J_2$ (15d-$PGJ_2$), a ligand of PPAR${\gamma}$ The obvious peak and the frequency of LH, FSH and estradiol ($E_2$) were only observed in C-group sows. Except for $E_2$ at d 1 and 2, serum FSH, LH and $E_2$ concentrations in R-group were lower than those in C-group sows after weaning. However, the serum progesterone ($P_4$) level in R-group sows was always more than that in C-group. The expression abundances of PPAR${\gamma}$and GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) in pituitary, FSH receptor (FSH-R), LH receptor (LH-R), estrogen receptor (ES-R) and aromatase in ovary of anestrous sows were lower than those of estrous sows. Neither the BFT nor the BW was associated with the mRNA abundance of PPAR${\gamma}$in hypothalamus during lactation. Expressions of PPAR${\gamma}$in pituitary and ovary were affected evidently by the BFT changes and only by the loss of BW of sows during and after lactation. Furthermore, PPAR${\gamma}$mRNA level in ovary was significantly related to the expression abundances of GnRH-R, FSH-R, ES-R and aromatase, and GnRH-R was obviously associated with PPAR${\gamma}$expression in pituitary. However, PPAR${\gamma}$expression in hypothalamus likely has no effects on these genes expression and no obvious difference for all sows. Not serum $E_2$ or $P_4$ alone but the ratios of $E_2$ to $P_4$ and 15d-$PGJ_2$ to $P_4$, and serum FSH and LH were evidently related to PPAR${\gamma}$expression in pituitary and ovary. It is concluded that PPAR${\gamma}$is associated with body conditions, reproduction hormones and their receptor expression, which affected the functions of pituitary and ovary and ultimately the estrus after weaning of primiparous sows.