• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

Purpose : Brain Stereotactic Radiosurgery can treat non-invasive diseases with high rates of complications due to surgical operations. However, brain stereotactic radiosurgery may be accompanied by radiation induced side effects such as fractionation radiation therapy because it uses radiation. The effects of Coplanar Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy(C-VMAT) and Non-Coplanar Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy(NC-VMAT) on surrounding normal tissues were analyzed in order to reduce the side effects caused fractionation radiation therapy such as head and neck. But, brain stereotactic radiosurgery these contents were not analyzed. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of NC-VMAT by comparing and analyzing C-VMAT and NC-VMAT in patients who underwent brain stereotactic radiosurgery. Methods and materials : With C-VMAT and NC-VMAT, 13 treatment plans for brain stereotactic radiosurgery were established. The Planning Target Volume ranged from a minimum of 0.78 cc to a maximum of 12.26 cc, Prescription doses were prescribed between 15 and 24 Gy. Treatment machine was TrueBeam STx (Varian Medical Systems, USA). The energy used in the treatment plan was 6 MV Flattening Filter Free (6FFF) X-ray. The C-VMAT treatment plan used a half 2 arc or full 2 arc treatment plan, and the NC-VMAT treatment plan used 3 to 7 Arc 40 to 190 degrees. The angle of the couch was planned to be 3-7 angles. Results : The mean value of the maximum dose was $105.1{\pm}1.37%$ in C-VMAT and $105.8{\pm}1.71%$ in NC-VMAT. Conformity index of C-VMAT was $1.08{\pm}0.08$ and homogeneity index was $1.03{\pm}0.01$. Conformity index of NC-VMAT was $1.17{\pm}0.1$ and homogeneity index was $1.04{\pm}0.01$. $V_2$, $V_8$, $V_{12}$, $V_{18}$, $V_{24}$ of the brain were $176{\pm}149.36cc$, $31.50{\pm}25.03cc$, $16.53{\pm}12.63cc$, $8.60{\pm}6.87cc$ and $4.03{\pm}3.43cc$ in the C-VMAT and $135.55{\pm}115.93cc$, $24.34{\pm}17.68cc$, $14.74{\pm}10.97cc$, $8.55{\pm}6.79cc$, $4.23{\pm}3.48cc$. Conclusions : The maximum dose, conformity index, and homogeneity index showed no significant difference between C-VMAT and NC-VMAT. $V_2$ to $V_{18}$ of the brain showed a difference of at least 0.5 % to 48 %. $V_{19}$ to $V_{24}$ of the brain showed a difference of at least 0.4 % to 4.8 %. When we compare the mean value of $V_{12}$ that Radione-crosis begins to generate, NC-VMAT has about 12.2 % less amount than C-VMAT. These results suggest that if NC-VMAT is used, the volume of $V_2$ to $V_{18}$ can be reduced, which can reduce Radionecrosis.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.320-329
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• 1977

p-Phenylenediamine dihydroperchlorate, $C_6H_4N_2H_4{\cdot}2HC1O_4$, crystallizes in space group $P\={1}$ with $a=4.79{\pm}0.02,\;b=9.03{\pm}0.02,\;c=7.12{\pm}0.03{\AA},\;{\alpha}=109.4{\pm}0.2,\;{\beta}=79.6{\pm}0.2,\;r=104.6{\pm}0.2^{\circ},\;Z=1$. The structure has been solved by the Patterson and Fourier methods. The refinement by block-diagonal least-squares cycles gives R = 0.13 for 387 observed reflexions collected on equi-inclination Weissenberg photographs with CuK${\alpha}$ radiation. There are two different types of five hydrogen bonds. The first type consists of one trifurcated N${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O hydrogen bond and the second of two normal N${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O hydrogen bonds, both of which exist between the amino group and the perchlorate, groups. A p-phenylenediamine group is approximately planar within an experimental error and bonded to twelve perchlorates: ten perchlorates forming hydrogen bonds and two being contacted with the van der Waals forces. A perchlorate group is surrounded by six p-phenylenediamines and four perchlorates; among the six p-phenylenediamines, five of them are hydrogen-bonded, and the rest contacted with the van der Waals force.ce anaysis of our samples and investigated the variarions in the values of parameters obtained through fitting the theoretical impedance to the experimental impedance. The characters of the dielectric constant and the impedance showed abnormal variations for the 0.2 at K-doped NSBN ceramics, which we were able to interpret in terms of the variations in the number A-site vacancies with the K doping ratio. From these results, A-site vacancies are thought to be space charges that influence the ferroelectric properties of NSBN ceramics.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5189-5192
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• 2013

Aim: We aimed to investigate the associations of dietary intake of folate, vitamin $B_6$ and $B_{12}$ and MTHFR genotype with breast cancer in a Chinese population. Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted, and 435 patients with newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed breast cancer and 435 controls were collected. The folate intake, vitamin $B_6$ and vitamin $B_{12}$ were calculated, and MTHFR C665T, C677T and A1298C were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Results: We found vitamin $B_{12}$ was likely to reduce the risk of breast cancer, and MTHFR 665TT was associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Folate intake, vitamin $B_{12}$ intake and variants of MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C demonstrated no association with risk of breast cancer. However, we found patients with low intake of vitamin $B_6$ and MTHFR 665TT genotype had a higher risk of breast cancer (OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.29-2.77), the association being less pronounced among subjects with a moderate intake of vitamin $B_6$ and MTHFR 665TT genotype (OR=1.58, 95% CI=1.03-2.49, P=0.03). Conclusion: Our study indicated that the MTHFR C665T polymorphism and vitamin $B_6$ are associated with risk of breast cancer, which indicated roles for nutrients in developing breast cancer.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.331-333
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• 2015

Gravitational interactions - mergers and fly-by encounters - between galaxies play a key role as the drivers of their evolution. Here we perform a cosmological N-body simulation using the tree-particle-mesh code GOTPM, and attempt to separate out the effects of mergers and fly-bys between dark matter halos. Once close pair halos are identified by the halo finding algorithm PSB, they are classified into mergers ($E_{12}$ < 0) and fly-by encounters ($E_{12}$ > 0) based on the total energy ($E_{12}$) between two halos. The fly-by and merger fractions as functions of redshift, halo masses, and ambient environments are calculated and the result shows the following.(1) Among Milky-way sized halos ($0.33-2.0{\times}10^{12}h^{-1}M{\odot}$), $5.37{\pm}0.03%$ have experienced major fly-bys and $7.98{\pm}0.04%$ have undergone major mergers since z ~ 1; (2) Among dwarf halos ($0.1-0.33{\times}10^{12}h^{-1}M{\odot}$), $6.42{\pm}0.02%$ went through major fly-bys and $9.51{\pm}0.03%$ experienced major mergers since z ~ 1; (3) Milky-way sized halos in the cluster environment experienced fly-bys (mergers) 4-11(1.5-1.7) times more frequently than those in the field since z ~ 1; and (4) Approaching z = 0, the fly-by fraction decreases sharply with the merger fraction remaining constant, implying that the empirical pair/merger fractions (that decrease from z ~ 1) are in fact driven by the fly-bys, not by the mergers themselves.

• River and Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.86-87
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• 2011

다음은 "법제업무운영규정" 제26조 및 "법제업무운영규정 시행규칙" 제22조에 의해 법제처에서 "한강변에 부유식 수상구조물을 설치하는 행위의 점용허가권자는 누구인지 여부" 에 대한 법령 유권해석(안건번호 2010-0393, 회신일 2010.12.03)의 내용입니다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1402-1405
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• 2003

The QTL(quantitative traits loci) linkage mapping of Hanwoo (Korean Cattle) chromosome 6 for daily gain and marbling score was performed using 378 individuals from 18 paternal half-sib families in Hanwoo. Hanwoo chromosome 6 were mapped to total length of 394.2 cM between 28 microsatellite loci using 36 microsatellite primers of BTA 6 linkage group. The QTL analysis for daily gain in Hanwoo showed 8 microsatellite loci (BM3026-5.66, EL03-5.58, BM4311-5.29, ILSTS035-4.50, BMS1242-4.37, BM1329-3.67, BM415-3.11, BMS2460-3.03) in larger than LOD score 3.0. Based on the QTL analysis for marbling score, LOD scores of 12 microsatellite loci (BM415-8.88, BM3026-7.15, ILSTS093-5.45, ILSTS035-4.91, EL03-4.69, BMS690-4.52, BM1329-4.43, BMS511-3.74, BMS1242-3.66, BMS518-3.65, BM4311-3.41, BMC4203-3.36) were found larger than 3.0.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Premna foetida is a woody plant with short and twisted trunk. P. foetida is a scandent, erect shrub or small tree, thorny on the trunk and large branches. Leaves are opposite or whorled and entire or serrate. Premna foetida is a wild plant locally known as "Daun Sebuas". P. foetida is used for it nutritive and as traditional treatment. The fruit and leaves of P. foetida are prepared for salad. The study aimed at the hydrodistillation and antioxidant activity of leaves, stem-bark and fruits essential oil from Premna foetida Linn, they were analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. Ninety eight compounds representing 81.68±0.02, 37.31±0.05 and 93.45±0.03 of the isolates of leaves, stem-bark and fruits respectively were identified, the most abundant were α -Duprezianene (77.27±0.03, leaves, α-Gurjunene (36.06±0.05) fruits and Hinesol acetate (77.19±0.03) stem-bark. Components among which sesquiterpenoids dominated. The total volatiles were assayed for antioxidant potentials using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The total volatiles showed strong activity with IC₅₀ of 11.74±0.82㎍/ml, 9.63±0.34 ㎍/ml and 49.73±1.12 ㎍/ml for leaves fruits and stem-bark respectively.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.429-442
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• 2000

Based on current evidence in the literature, it is known that endotoxin is a weakly adherent surface phenomenon and that power-driven instruments can be used to accomplish definitive root detoxification and maximal wound healing without overinstrumentation of root and without extensive cementum removal. And one of the newly developed curette tips used with low power of piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler, is effective to remove calculus and not to remove the excessive cementum. The purpose of this study is therefore, to assess the influence of ultrasonic power and various working parameters on root substitute removal when instrumentation is performed with the curette tip on piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler. This study assessed defect depth, width and area resulting from instrumentation using a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler with a curette type tip in vitro to acrylic resin block as a root substitute. The working parameters was standardized by the sledge device which controls lateral force(0.5 N, 1 N, 2 N) and instrumentation time(5 sec, 10 sec, 20 sec) and power setting was adjusted 0,2,4,8 in P mode. Power setting had the greatest influence on defect depth compared to lateral force and instrumentation time(standardized regression parameter estimates${\pm}$standard error, $0.37{\pm}0.02$, $0.19{\pm}0.02$, $0.07{\pm}0.02$). The effects on defect area also greatest for power setting($0.57{\pm}0.03$) compared to lateral force and instrumentation time($0.33{\pm}0.03$, $0.12{\pm}0.03$). The effect of the power setting on the defect width($0.15{\pm}0.01$) is not so great as defect depth or defect area compared to lateral force($0.12{\pm}0.01$) and effect of instrumentation time is minimal($0.02{\pm}0.01$). It could be concluded that the power setting has the greatest influence on the defect depth and area in curette type tip with low power of piezoelectric ultrasonic device. Many parameters can be adjusted in various situation in clinical use of piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler but the power setting is the first parameter to be adjusted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.253-257
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• 1986

The aroma component analysis of raw and cooked Korean edible mushroom (Trichloma matsutake) by GC, GC-MS is as follows; 1) The volatile aroma component of raw mushroom is identified as 13 kinds, and among them, 4 kinds of aroma component such as 1-octene-3-ol (73.95%), methyl cinnamate (12.52%), 2-octanol (7.62%) and octyl alcohol (2.78%)-consists 95.87% of total aroma component 2) Meanwhile, The volatilearoma component of cooked one is identified as 9 kinds and 4 of them-1-octen-3-ol (64.94%), methyl cinnamate (22.03%), 2-octanol (7.68%), and octyl alcohol (3.31%)-consists 89.61% of total aroma component. 3) The major composition of aroma component of both raw cooked ones are carbonyl compounds and alcohols. Their number of carbons is $C_8$ short chain aliphatic compounds.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.101-110
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• 2023

This study was conducted to identify factors influencing weight loss efforts in hypertensive patients with obesity in Korea using data from the 2016-2019 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weight perception, weight loss efforts, and weight control methods were investigated for 1,910 subjects. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, cross-tabulation analysis and logistic regression. Among obese hypertensive patients, 12.6% perceived their weight as normal. Weight loss efforts were 2.03 times (95% CI: 1.48 to 2.78) higher in people with overweight perception than those with normal weight perception, and 1.74 times (95% CI: 1.33 to 2.26) higher in women than in men. In addition, those with class 1 obesity were 1.50 times (95% CI: 0.85 to 2.65) higher than those with class 3 obesity, and those with class 2 obesity were 2.16 times (95% CI: 1.16 to 4.00) higher than those with class 3 obesity. These results suggest that weight management approaches for hypertensive patients with obesity should be individually designed according to weight perception, gender, and obesity class.