• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2011

This study was conducted to establish a freezing method of miniature pig spermatozoa. The semen 더aculated from PWG M-type miniature pig was collected by gloved-hand method. The semen was diluted with same volume extender (m-Modena B). The frozen solution used frozen solution of four different (LEY, TCG, BF-5 and m-Modena+egg yolk) for find optimal frozen solution in miniature pig sperm. The diluted semen for frozen rate assay was added to LEY solution (solution I: 11% lactose+egg yolk; solution II: solution I+glycerol+OEP), and frozen depending on freezing rate by the three different freezing methods (A: until $5^{\circ}C$ for 1 hrs, holding at $-102^{\circ}C$ for 10 min; B: until $5^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs, holding at $-102^{\circ}C$ for 10 min; C: until $5^{\circ}C$ for 3 hrs, holding at -80 and $-102^{\circ}C$ for 10 min). Semen cooled until $5^{\circ}C$ was added with glycerol 1, 3 and 5%, and take a equilibrium time for 0, 10 and 30min. Frozen-thawed sperm were evaluated for viability, acrosomal status and morphological abnormality. The results of frozen-thawed sperm ability by frozen solution, viability was higher in LEY solution compared to other three different frozen solution. AR pattern of LEY solution were lower than other three different frozen solution. The results of freezing rate, viability was higher in B method compared to other methods (p<0.05). Acrosomal statute was intacted in A and B methods than C method. The experiment for glycerol condition was showed that sperm viability was higher in extender with 1% and 3% glycerol and equilibrium time of 0 min. The acrosome damage was lower in extender with 1% glycerol and equilibrium time of 10 min than other conditions. In conclusion, the optimal conditions for cryopreservation of miniature pig spermatozoa obtained in LEY frozen solution, cooling rate of 1~2 hrs, 1~3% glycerol concentrations and glycerol equilibrium time of 0~10 min.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2013

해수담수화장치에서 배출되는 농축수로부터 희소금속인 리튬을 추출하는 공정을 개발하기 위한 선행 연구로, 용매추출제 TTA와 TOPO를 사용하여 수용액 중의 리튬이온을 추출하는 연구를 수행하였다. 추출제의 농도, 유기용매의 종류, 추출액과 수용액의 비, 수용액의 pH 및 알칼리제 종류 등을 변화시키면서 리튬 이온의 용매추출에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 해수의 주요 성분인 염화나트륨의 첨가가 리튬 이온의 용매추출에 미치는 영향도 함께 조사하였다. 리튬 추출의 최적 조건은 추출제 농도는 TTA 0.02 M, TOPO 0.04 M, 유기용매는 케로센, pH는 10.2~10.6 이었으며, 알칼리제로는 암모니아 수용액을 사용한 경우 리튬이온의 추출효율이 가장 높았다. 또한 염화나트륨을 첨가하여 리튬 용매추출을 진행한 결과 염화나트륨은 리튬이온의 추출을 방해하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2019

Serratia marcescens 2354(ATCC 25419) 균주로부터 추출한 붉은 색소는 prodigiosin (PG)이었고, 이를 methanol에 녹여 자외선 및 가시광선 흡수 스펙트라를 측정한 결과 537 nm의 최대흡수파장 (${\lambda}_{max}$)을 갖는 산성용액에서의 전형적인 PG의 흡수 스펙트라이었다. 또한 methanol 용액에서 PG의 농도를 $1.0{\times}10-5M$에서 $9.0{\times}10-5M$로 증가시키면, 537 nm의 흡수강도는 증가하고 467 nm의 흡수강도는 감소하였으며, 500 nm에서 isosbestic point가 관측되었다. 이러한 현상은 537 nm와 467 nm가 각각 산과 염기용액에서의 PG 흡수대이고, 500 nm의 isosbestic point 등을 고려하면 가역적 산-염기 평형반응에 의한 결과라고 볼 수 있다. 한편 pH, 4.75의 acetic acid 완충용액에서 PG의 농도를 $6.0{\times}10^{-4}M$에서 $1.0{\times}10^{-4}M$로 감소시키면 500 nm에서 ${\lambda}_{max}$를 가지는 새로운 흡수대가 나타난다. 이 흡수대는 pH 4.75의 수용액에서만 나타나는 것으로 같은 pH의 순수한 methanol 용액에서는 나타나지 않는다. 이는 PG 분자가 $H_2O$에 의해 ${\alpha}$-이성질체에서 ${\beta}$-이성질체로의 전환에 기인하는 것이다. 즉 PG의 색변화는 용액의 농도 및 용매의 특성에 의해서도 일어날 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.294-297
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• 2000

Heavy metals are extracted from Chonju stream sediment, roadside soils and sediments along Honam expressway, soils and tailings from mining area using partial ectraction in Standard Method, partial ectraction method with maintaining 0.1N of extraction solution and acid digestion. In samples having buffer capacity against acid, 0.1N of extraction solution can not be maintained and pH of extraction solution increases up to 8.0 when partial extraction in Standard Method is used. The averages and ranges of (heavy metals extracted using partial extraction in standard method, HPE)/(heavy metals extracted using partial extraction method with maintaining 0.1N of extraction solution, HPEM) values are 0.506 and 0.145~1.126 in Cd, 0.534~ and 0.078~0.928 in Zn, 0.461 and 0.041~1.715 in Mn, 0.359 and 0.011~0.874 in Cu, 0.195 and 0.018~1.785 in Cr, 0.710 and 0.003~3.075 in Pb, and 0.088 and 1.73$\times$10$^{-5}$ ~0.303 in Fe. These data indicate that the difference between HPE and HPEM is big in the order of Fe, Cr, Cu, Mn, Cd, Zn and Pb. It is quite possible that the partial extraction method in Standard Method of soil in Korea is not adequate for an assessment of contamination in area where buffer capacity of soil will be decreased or lost after a long term exposure of soils to environmental damage.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2009

We have tested the stability of paeoniflorin, a new cosmetic ingredient, extracted from the roots of Paeoniae lactiflora. The stability of aqueous paeoniflorin solution at pH 3, 5 and 7 varied by adding buffer solution was tested at $0^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;40^{\circ}C,\;and\;65^{\circ}C$. The test was performed with or without UV light. The solution of paeoniflorin was stable at pH 3.0, however, the recovery rate of paeoniflorin was 40% at pH 7.0. The stability of paeoniflorin solution was decreased as the pH of paeoniflorin solution was increased by pH 7.0. The effect of storage temperature of paeoniflorin solution shows that the stability of paeoniflorin solution was decreased as the temperature was increased. The stability of paeoniflorin was rather good under UV light than the condition given above $40^{\circ}C$. The stability of paeoniflorin in W/O emulsions shows similar pattern to that of aqueous solution.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.42-51
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• 1996

Alkaline hydrolysis to improve the hand of PET/acetate union fabric was studied in relation to skin saponification and retarding effect of salts on the alkaline hydrolysis of cellulose acetate fiber, accelerating effect of salts on the alkaline hydrolysis of PET fiber, and changes of total hand value(T.H.V) of PET/acetate union fabric treated with alkali/salt solution. It was found that the rate of saponification of acetate was delayed by the addition of salts such as LiCl, NaCl and CH$_{3}$COONa into NaOH solution below 10 minutes. The rate of shrinkage of acetate fabric treated with 5g/l NaOH solution at 9$0^{\circ}C$ and 60 minutes showed 20 % but it was decreased 8% by. the addition of 120g/l Concentration of inorganic salts. We could know that the rate of alkaline hydrolysis of filament yarn treated with alkali solution at 9$0^{\circ}C$ and 60 minutes was delayed about 3 % using 2,000T/M of hard twist yarn, especially acetate filament treated with alkali solution at 9$0^{\circ}C$ and 10 minutes was delayed about 10%. T.H.V. of PET/acetate union fabric was increased from 2.77 to 3.04~3.18 by the addition of salts into alkali solution.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2011

This study aimed at developing cryopreservation protocol for chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzelevcv. peak) shoot apices based on droplet-vitrification procedure, which is a combination of droplet-freezing and solution based vitrification. Progressive preculture of shoot apices in liquid MS medium supplemented with 0.3 and 0.7 M sucrose for 31 and 17 hours, respectively, was found optimum among preculture treatments tested. The composition of both loading and vitrification solutions significantly affected recovery growth of shoot tips before and after cryopreservation. Balancing glycerol and sucrose concentrations in the solutions was beneficial for recovery growth. The highest recovery after cryopreservation was observed when apical shoot tips were extracted from 4-week-old in vitro plantlets, progressively precultured with 0.3-0.5-0.7 M sucrose for 32-16-6 hours, respectively, then treated with loading solution comprising of 1.9 M glycerol + 0.5 M sucrose (35% PVS3 solution). Apices were then dehydrated with the vitrification solution consisted of 50% glycerol + 50% sucrose for 90 minutes then directly immersed in liquid nitrogen.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2001

Fe-Cr-Al alloy has been studied for application in automobile muffler materials due to good corrosion and oxidation resistance. In order to develop the automobile muffler materials, corrosion behaviors of electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) coated surface of muffler matericls of muffler materials were investigated using potentiostat. For 0.1M NaCl solution, corrosion potential and pitting potential of Fe-20Cr-10Al was higher than that of Fe-5Cr- 10Al samples. Especially, in the case of Ti and Nb coated samples, pitting potential increased remarkably compared with non-coated samples. For 0.1M $CaCl_2$ solution, Ti-coated Fe-20Cr-10Al showed remarkably improved pitting corrosion resistance in comparison with non-coated Fe-20Cr-10Al and Fe-5Cr-10Al. The number and size of pits were decreased in the case of Ti coated samples in the 0.1M NaCl and 0.1M $CaCl_2$ solution.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1092-1098
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• 2006

The influence of the concentration of precursor solution and the number of solution coatings on the densification of the $Pb(Zr_xTi_{1-x})O_3$ (PZT) thick films was studied. PZT powder and PZT precursor solution were prepared by3 sol-gel method and PZT thick films were fabricated by the screen-printing method on the alumina substrates. The composition of powder and precursor solution were PZT(70/30) and PZT(30/70), respectively. The PZT precursor solution was spin-coated on the PZT thick films. A concentration of a coating solution was 0.5 to 2.0 mol/L[M] and the number of coating was repeated from 0 to 6. The XRD patterns of all PZT thick films shelved typical perovskite polycrystalline structure. The porosity of the thick films was decreased with increasing the number of coatings and 6-time coated films with 1.5 M showed the dense microstructure and thickness of about $60{\mu}m$. The relative dielectric constant of the PZT thick film was increased with increasing the number of solution coatings and the thick films with 1.5 M, 6-time coated showed the 698. The remanent polarization the 1.5 M and 6-time coated PZT thick films was $38.3{\mu}C/cm^2$.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2014

To control the disease of root rot in ginseng nursery, inorganic sulfur solution of 0.1%, 1.0%, and 2.0% were irrigated by amount of $10{\ell}$ per $3.3m^2$ before sowing. On the last ten days of July, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were similarly detected by 44.8% and 43.8%, respectively, while Cylindrocarpon destructans was low detected by 4.4% in the diseased seedling. The more sulfur's concentration was increased, the more soil pH was decreased. Soil pH was decreased from 5.87 to 4.59 by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0%. The more sulfur's concentration was increased, the more electrical conductivity (EC) of soil was increased. EC was increased from 0.27 dS/m to 1.28 dS/m by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0%. Irrigation of sulfur solution was effective on the inhibition of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani in ginseng seedling. Control value for damping-off by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0% and 2.0% were 75.7%, and 78.5%, respectively. Growth of leaf was inhibited by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 2.0%. Root weight per $3.3m^2$ showed the peak in sulfur solution of 1.0%, while survived-root ratio and root weight per plant were decreased in the level of 2.0%. Survived-root ratio of seedling in sulfur solution of 1.0% was distinctly increased by 4.7 times compare to the control, but control value for root rot was relatively low as 49.2%. Mycelium growth of C. destructans, F. solani, and R. solani were distinctly inhibited by the increase of sulfur's concentration in vitro culture using PDA medium.