• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.115-126
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• 1994

The recent availability of recombinant human erythropoietin has opened new perspectives in the management of a variety of anemias. Clinical trials have been initiated in several countries using different approaches and methodology. We randomly assigned twelve premature infants(gestational age < 32 week) at high risk of requiring erythrocyte transfusion for anemia of prematurity with either subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin or a placebo. Treatment with rHuEPO was initiated at a dose of 100 units/kg day for 3 days a week. All patients were given supplemental oral iron therapy at a dose of 3 mg/kg per day, as tolerated and oral vitamin E at a dose of 25 units per day. Treated and control babies did not differ with respect to weight, hematocrit, overall mean reticulocyte count or rate of growth respectively. However, reticulocyte counts increased earlier in patients given rHuEPO. We conclude that rHuEPO administration is safe and feasible at the dose studied.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1661-1675
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• 2016

Objectives: Can addition of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK1-RAs) be considered as an ideal strategy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)? Researchers differ on this question. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness and safety of NK1-RAs in preventing CINV. The primary end point was complete response (CR) in the acute, delayed, and overall phases after chemotherapy. Subgroup analyses evaluated the types of NK1-RAs, routines of administration, types of malignancies, regimens used in combination with NK1-RAs, and age of patients included in the studies. The incidences of different types of adverse events were also extracted to estimate the safety of NK1-RAs. Results: A total of 38 RCTs involving 13,923 patients were identified. The CR rate of patients receiving NK-RAs was significantly higher than patients in the control groups during overall phase (70.8% vs 56.0%, P<0.001), acute phase (85.1% vs 79.6%, P<0.001), and delayed phase (71.4% vs 58.2%, P<0.001). There were three studies including patients of children or adolescents, the CR rate was also significantly higher in the treatment group (overall phase: OR=2.807, P<0.001; acute phase: OR=2.863, P =0.012; delayed phase: OR=2.417, P<0.001). For all the other outcomes, patients in the NK1-RAs groups showed improvements compared to the control groups (incidence of nausea: 45.2% vs 45.9%, P<0.001; occurrence of vomiting: 22.6% vs 38.9%, P<0.001; usage of rescue drugs: 23.5% vs 34.1%, P<0.001). The pooled side effects from NK1-RAs did not significantly differ from previous reports and the toxicity rates in patients less than eighteen years old also did not diff between the two groups (P=0.497). However, we found that constipation and insomnia were more common in the patients of control groups, whereas diarrhea and hiccups were more frequently detected in patients receiving NK1-RAs. Conclusions: NK1-RAs improved the CR rate of CINV. They are effective for both adults and children. The use of NK1-RAs might be associated with the appearance of diarrhea and hiccups, while decreasing the possibility of constipation and insomnia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.925-928
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• 2014

Background: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a spectrum of disease with abnormal trophoblastic proliferation. Treatment is based on FIGO stage and WHO risk factor scores. Patients whose score is 12 or more are considered as at extremely high risk with a high likelihood of resistance to first line treatment. Optimal therapy is therefore controversial. Objective: This study was conducted in order to summarize the regimen used for extremely high risk or resistant GTN patients in our institution the in past 10 years. Materials and Methods: All the charts of GTN patients classified as extremely high risk, recurrent or resistant during 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2011 were reviewed. Criteria for diagnosis of GTN were also assessed to confirm the diagnosis. FIGO stage and WHO risk prognostic score were also re-calculated to ensure the accuracy of the information. Patient characteristics were reviewed in the aspects of age, weight, height, BMI, presenting symptoms, metastatic area, lesions, FIGO stage, WHO risk factor score, serum hCG level, treatment regimen, adjuvant treatments, side effects and response to treatment, including disease free survival. Results: Eight patients meeting the criteria of extremely high risk or resistant GTN were included in this review. Mean age was 33.6 years (SD=13.5, range 17-53). Of the total, 3 were stage III (37.5%) and 5 were stage IV (62.5%). Mean duration from previous pregnancies to GTN was 17.6 months (SD 9.9). Mean serum hCG level was 864,589 mIU/ml (SD 98,151). Presenting symptoms of the patients were various such as hemoptysis, abdominal pain, headache, heavy vaginal bleeding and stroke. The most commonly used first line chemotherapeutic regimen in our institution was the VAC regimen which was given to 4 of 8 patients in this study. The most common second line chemotherapy was EMACO. Adjuvant radiation was given to most of the patients who had brain metastasis. Most of the patients have to delay chemotherapy for 1-2 weeks due to grade 2-3 leukopenia and require G-CSF to rescue from neutropenia. Five form 8 patients were still survived. Mean of disease free survival was 20.4 months. Two patients died of the disease, while another one patient died from sepsis of pressure sore wound. None of surviving patients developed recurrence of disease after complete treatment. Conclusions: In extremely high risk GTN patients, main treatment is multi-agent chemotherapy. In our institution, we usually use VAC as a first line treatment of high risk GTN, but since resistance is quite common, this may not suitable for extremely high risk GTN patients. The most commonly used second line multi-agent chemotherapy in our institution is EMA-CO. Adjuvant brain radiation was administered to most of the patients with brain metastasis in our institution. The survival rate is comparable to previous reviews. Our treatment demonstrated differences from other institutions but the survival is comparable. The limitation of this review is the number of cases is small due to rarity of the disease. Further trials or multicenter analyses may be considered.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 2017

Recently, governmental authority and local government are looking for a method of utilizing location information of smart phone for urgent rescue in fire and kidnap situation. Under this background, in this study, a method of rapidly collecting, constructing location determination based Wi-Fi AP data utilizing location information of smart phone and mobile mapping system was suggested in order to construct precise positioning information that could be utilized under urgent situation. By performing compensation work for GPS/INS/DMI through collected outcome, position of collected vehicle was acquired. In addition, source data integrating Wi-Fi information and collected position by coupling based on Wi-Fi AP collector and GPS time was constructed and Wi-Fi radiomap was constructed by removing Wi-Fi signal noise that reduces precise position performance. As a result of performing location determination performance assess ment by selecting 10 test positions by each local government, result value of 25.46cm for total local government average and 27.76m for SD could be obtained. It is considered that this result could be utilized as a technology of being able to supplement or substituting GPS location determination technology that is impossible in plocation determination of mobile communication company's base station (200m~2km) and indoor being used at present.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.372-378
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• 2020

Drones, which show strong growth in the fourth industry, are commonly used for disaster response. In the event of an actual disaster, local governments should carry out 13 cooperative functions to respond to the disaster, but there are difficulties in collecting on-site information in places where it is difficult for people to access or grasp the situation. Based on the 13 collaborative functions that are essential for operations in the event of a disaster, a utilization plan of highly utilized drones was derived. Through the analysis of overseas cases and drone utilization by each department, a total of 10 out of 13 collaborative functions of the Disaster and Safety Countermeasures Headquarters (disaster situation management, emergency life safety support, emergency recovery, disaster resource support, traffic measures, medical and quarantine services, disaster site environment maintenance, social order maintenance, search, rescue, and emergency) were derived. These results can enhance the efficiency of the disaster response by presenting a plan to utilize drone images for each function.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.321-328
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• 2017

The effects of the Sewol ferry disaster have infiltrated into various fields, such as politics, the economy, and social fields in Korea, and the population's consciousness of the importance of safety has been strengthened by the disaster. The purpose of, this study is to empirically verify whether there has been any change in the fire service environment following the Sewol ferry disaster. Such a change would be expected to have produced a change in the consciousness of the government about safety and increased the level of support. This study sets out five research hypotheses and verifies their adoption. The years studied are those before and after the accident occurred, viz. 2013 and 2015, respectively, and the main statistical technique is the t-test. The main results of this study are as follows. First, there was no significant difference in the fire-service demand between the two years. Second, the fire-service budget showed a significant difference between the two years. Third, the regional resources facilities tax showed a significant difference between the two years. Fourth, the fire-service budget considering the fire-service demand showed no statistically significant difference. Fifth, the fire service-demand considering (the number of) fire-fighters was significantly different in the rescue and emergency medical services between the two years. Sixth, the fire service-demand considering fire-equipment showed no significant difference between the two years.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.420-426
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• 2020

In this study, an assistive device for BVM (Bag Valve Mask) was developed. When emergencies occur, rescuers must perform artificial respiration within four minutes utilizing suitable BVM. If not, the patient can suffer serious damage within their brain and body systems. The rescuer must execute artificial respiration until the patient arrives at the hospital. In the process of artificial respiration, the rescuer can feel fatigued in their forearm muscles, particularly those who may have smaller hands or weaker muscle strength. Many products have been developed to solve these problems, but these products are difficult to market and commercialize because of their volume, size, and difficulty of use. In this paper, the BVM assistive device that has been previously manufactured was improved, and an attempt was made to devise a new method that reduces the burden on the user. The BVM assistive device can be divided into three-parts: a head part for compressing the air bag, which can control the amount of air; the body part for coupling with BVM; and finally, the handle that can rotate for better use on various postures of patients. Throughout the experiment, the assistive device could inject an equal amount of air into the patients. As a result, the rescuer could feel less fatigue and inject a suitable amount of air to emergency patients during artificial respiration.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 2006

Background: Patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA), using a local anesthetic-opioid mixture, has been effectively applied after total knee replacement (TKR) surgery, which is associated with intense postoperative pain that requires postoperative analgesia for both rehabilitation and the pain itself. However, adverse opioid-related effects, such as nausea, vomiting and pruritus, are commonly encountered. It was our hypothesis that the adverse opioid-related effects could be reduced by the addition of naloxone, an opioid antagonist, to a mixture of fentanyl-ropivacaine PCEA. Methods: In 120 patients undergoing elective TKR surgery, epidural or combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anesthesia was performed and PCEA applied. In the control group (n = 65), 0.16% ropivacaine and $3{\mu}g/ml$ fentanyl ($2.4{\mu}g/ml$ for those older than 65 yrs) were administered. In the naloxone group (n = 55), naloxone ($2{\mu}g/ml$) was coadministered with the above regimen. The incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and the frequency of pruritus, the visual analog score (VAS) and the PCEA volume used were assessed 6 and 24 hrs after surgery. Results: The incidence of nausea and vomiting during the early postoperative period, and those of pruritus during the late postoperative period were significantly lower in the naloxone group. The VAS pain scores, the PCEA volume used and amount of rescue IV meperidine were similar in the two groups. Conclusions: A small dose of naloxone mixed with an opioid significantly reduces the incidence and severity of adverse opioid-related effects in PCEA, without reducing the analgesic effect.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.111-121
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• 2019

Recently, through the services that use drones at fire sites to deliver on-site and road conditions into the situation room and life-saving activities or the deliveries of first aid outfits at the accident scenes that are inaccessible to humans, there are more and more cases of dealing with emergency situations. Therefore, by studying the service design using drones in the initial stage of response to fires in dense residential areas, this study was intended to reify the service design area of the response stage, including the dispatch of fire sites and the fire suppression. To do this, through literature researches, research directions were explored by examining the concept and process review of service design, and by analyzing the application cases using service design. In order examine the validity of this study, a one-on-one interview was conducted to identify the use and problems of drones among incumbent firefighters, and identified the applicability of drones to fire sites by targeting drone experts. Field research was conducted to identify the location and distance of road conditions, site conditions, and 119 safety centers, by making Yongsan-gu, the most vulnerable area to fire in Seoul, as a research sample. And, among the methodologies of service design, Persona and Customer Journey Map were prepared and Insight was derived, by using virtual scenarios for the experience values and behavior analyses of the interested parties. Through these processes, this researcher intended to present the fire-response service design and help establish the direction of service design in the initial stages of fire in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2007

Firemen are directly exposed to various harmful chemicals, physical factors and mental stress during rescue and fire-fighting. In fire extinguishing, unstable posture, poisonous gas, dust, high temperature and heavy equipments are possible hazardous factors. The alertness for emergency, shift work, job strain and stress are also possibly hazardous. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculo-skeletal symptoms and job stress and to determine risk factors in firemen. This study was carried out in a group of 226 firemen in Busan City, Korea. Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of musculo-skeletal symptoms and Psycho-social Well-being Index (abbreviated PWI) was used to investigate the prevalence of job stress. General and occupational characteristics were included education, marital status, alcohol and smoking history, working duration, and work shift system. Body mass index (BMI) scores were calculated by physical examination including height and weight. Concerning musculo-skeletal complaints, the commonest site was neck, and shoulder, lower back, upper back were the next. Complaint site above one area of body was about 80%. From multiple logistic regression analysis, working duration was significant variable in musculo-skeletal symptoms. Odds ratio were 15.4 in working duration. About 16.8% was high risk stress group. From multiple logistic regression analysis, shift work and alcohol drinking were significant variables in PWI scores. Odds ratios were 2.25 in shift work. Accordingly, interventions are needed for health promotion of long term and shift worker.