• 전기의세계
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.18-28
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• 1994

현재까지 개발되고 있는 자기부상열차는 상전도 방식과 초전도 방식의 2종류로 대별 할 수 있다. 즉 상전도방식은 상전도 전자석에 의한 흡인력에 의해 지상에서 1cm정도를 부상하여 주행하는 시스템으로 영국의 버밍행공항의 People mover, 독일의 Transrapid, 일본의 HSST, 우리나라의 한양대, 자기 부상열차사업단, 대우중공업, 현대정공의 EXPO전시운행선등이 개발되어 있다. 초전도방식으로는 초전도전류에 의한 반발력에 의해 10cm이상 부상되어 운행되는 시스템으로 MLU 시스템이 있는데 지진이 심한 일본에서 개발되었다. 영국의 버밍햄공함의 People mover는 1984년부터 실용화되어 무인자동운전시스템으로 10년간을 아무 문제 없이 운행되고는 있지만 선로길이 620m 정도의 소규모 저속운송시스템에 지나지 않는다. 반면 독일의 Transrapid시스템은 31.5km의 트랙을 설치하여 시속 450km까지 운행을 계속하여 현재 15만km정도의 운행실적을 올리고 있다. 최근 독일내각은 함부르크-베를린 사이의 290km에 이르는 선로를 2005년까지 완공하기로 결정을 내리고 금년 상반기에 착공을 할 예정이다. 따라서 세계적으로 실용화단계에까지 도달한 대규모 고속시스템으로는 단연 Transrapid시스템을 꼽을 수 있다. 이에 Transrapid사와 미국, 일본등의 각 국에서 그간 세밀하게 조사하여 검토한 자료를 상세하게 소개하므로써 신교통시스템으로서의, 자기부상열차의 적합성과 개발의 타당성 및 당위성을 제시하여 이 분야에 관심있는 분들에게 참고는 물론 우리나라의 개발방향 설정에 유익한 자료가 되었으면 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 1997

Salivary duct carcinoma is rare high grade adenocarcinoma, arising from larger excretory duct in major salivary gland, resembling the ductal carcinoma of the breast histologically. We report a case of salivary duct carcinoma of left parotid gland in which fine needle aspiration cytology was performed. Cytologic examination revealed 1) moderate cellularity, 2) flat sheets or three dimensional, tightly cohesive clusters on the necrotic background, 3) sometimes cribriform or papillary configuration, 4) polygonal or cuboidal cells with moderate anisonucleosis with abundant, granular and eosinophilic cytoplasm, 5) round to oval nuclei with irregular chromatin clumps, and 6) 1 or 2 inconspicuous nucleoli. Histologically, the tumor is mainly composed of cribriform intraductal component with central comedonecrosis, and small foci of infiltrating component including well differentiated ductal structures or irregular sheets in a desmoplastic stroma.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1996

It is well known that fine needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB) is very useful and has a high accuracy rate in the diagnosis of renal neoplasms. Although there is some indecision to perform the FNAB for a rare possibility of tumor seeding along the biopsy needle tract, it tends to be used increasingly. As in the cytologic diagnosis of metastatic lesion through-out the body, renal cell carcinoma should nearly always be considered in the differential diagnosis, the precise understanding of cytologic features of renal cell carcinoma with various cell types and architectural patterns is necessarily required. In this report, we present three cases of primary renal cell tumors, two of renal cell carcinomas and one of oncocytoma, preponderantly emphasizing the cytologic differential points in the FNAB specimen.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.18-21
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• 2013

랑게르한스 세포 조직구증은 골수에서 유래하는 랑게르한스 세포 조직구의 이상 증식에 의해 발병하는 희귀한 질병으로 알려져 있다. 비록 모든 장기에서 발생 할 수 있으나 갑상선을 침범하는 경우는 매우 드물다. 18세 남자가 5달전부터 점점 커지는 갑상선 종괴를 주소로 내원하여 세침흡인 세포검사, 총샘검, 경부 전산화단층촬영을 시행하였다. 세침흡인 세포검사에서 악성신생물이 의심되었고, 총생검에서 랑게르한스 세포 조직구증으로 나타났다. 경부 전산화단층촬영에서는 우측 갑상선에서 윤곽이 잘 구분되는 저음영의 종괴와 우측 기관 주위 림프절의 종대가 관찰되었다. 갑상선 전절제술과 우측 중앙 선택적 경부 림프절 청소술이 시행되었다. 랑게르한스 세포 조직구증이 갑상선을 침범하는 경우는 드물지만 갑상선 비대가 있는 환자가 뇌하수체 기능부전의 증상이나 뼈와 폐의 침범과 관련된 증상을 호소한다면 갑상선의 랑게르한스 세포 조직구증 침범을 고려해야 한다. 또한, 다른 장기의 랑게르한스 세포 조직구증을 치료한 과거력이 있는 경우는 갑상선 종괴를 감별 진단하는데 있어 랑게르한스 세포 조직구증을 고려해야 한다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 1988

This study was made to investigate the influence of mouth breathing to tongue, mandible and hyoid bone position. It has been clinically suggested that the mouth breathing is induced by the respiratory dysfunction of nasopharyngeal airway causing by the Adenoids. The author used the 50 children, who were the nasal breathes with normal occlusion as the control group, and 50 children, who were mouth breathers with Adenoid as the experimental group. Results were as following: 1. In experimental group, the tongue was positioned more anterior and lower than that of the normal children. 2. In experimental group, the mandible was positioned more lower than that of the normal children. 3. In experimental group, the hyoid bone was positioned more anterior and lower than that of the normal children.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.238-243
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• 1996

Aspiration of foreign bodies into the tracheobronchial tree is unusual in adults and it may result in Proximal airway obstruction and acute life-threatening asphyxia. It can be diagnosed by history of aspiration or visualizing the foreign body by chest roentgenogram or bronchoscopy. But it is rarely considered in adults with subacute or chronic respiratory symptoms without a definite history which suggests an aspiration. A 70-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to productive cough for two months and dyspnea which aggravated since the day before admission. Chest X-ray showed Pneumonic infiltration on left upper lobe and right lower lobe. Despite several days of conventional therapy, the patient complained of severe dyspnea and wheezing. We performed chest CT to rule out endobronchial stenosis, and it revealed the narrowing of left main stem bronchus compatible with endobronchial tuberculosis. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy for confirmation disclosed a $3.2{\times}0.7{\times}0.2$cm sized foreign body located longitudinally at the left main stem bronchus. We removed it with alligator forcep and it proved In be a piece of artificial denture. The patient remembered losing it while severe coughing on the day before admission. The microscopic examination of bronchial washing fluid revealed numerous acid fast bacilli. After removal of the foreign body, the patient showed marked improvement in symptom and pulmonary function test. Here we report a case of Pulmonary aspiration of foreign body which is confused with endobronchial tuberculosis with a review of the literature.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.529-539
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• 1998

Prematurity is the main cause for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates. The goal in the treatment of RDS is to maintain respiration with adequate oxygenation. ETS needs to be performed to remove lung secretions in the ventilated premature infants with RDS. Oxygen saturation(SpO$_2$) and heart rate(HR) were compared in 22 premature infants with RDS using two types of ETS : open ETS versus close ETS. The results showed there was no significant difference in the SpO$_2$ and HR responses between open ETS and close ETS. The SpO$_2$ and HR returned to the baseline within 1 minute after suctioning. But in some case, there was a significantly greater incidence in the decrease of SpO$_2$ below 90% occured in the open ETS than in the close ETS. It implies that closed ETS may be beneficial to the premature infants who tend to develop desaturation easily.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.5 s.37
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• pp.209-216
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• 2005

In wireless sensor networks, an estimation method is proposed for distances between nodes within two hops. The method uses only proximity information of nodes without physiccal distance measurements. It drastically improves the performance of localization algorithms based on Proximity information. In addition, it is the first method that estimates distances between nodes exactly in two hops. The distances are estimated from the number of common neighbors under an assumption that the number of common neighbors is proportional to the intersection of two unit disks centered at the two nodes. Simulation analysis shows that the estimation error is roughly from 10 to 20 percent of real distances. Meanwhile, the number of messages required by a distributed algorithm realizing this method is only two times the number of nodes.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of listening to music on pain and vital signs of critically ill patients with ventilatory support in intensive care units during nursing treatment (changes of posture and tracheal suction). Methods: The experimental treatment was to use an mp3 player and a speaker to let them listen to classical music by Mozart during nursing treatment. To determine the effects of music intervention, pain (Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool-K) was used. The data analysis was carried out by using PASW Statistics 20.0. Results: Hypothesis "The scores for pain would differ between the experimental group provided with music intervention during nursing treatment, and the control group" was supported. Conclusion: Application of music intervention during nursing treatment for critically ill patients with ventilatory support in intensive care units was found to be effective in reducing pain. Therefore, music intervention during nursing treatment for critically ill patients with ventilatory support can be used as non-pharmaceutical nursing intervention to reduce pain for the patients.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.755-762
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• 2012

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate risk factor, precaution and treatment of aspirated foreign body during dental procedure. Material and Methods : Twenty cases of accidental aspiration of the foreign body, which removed by bronchoscopy at the Asan Medical Center between 2008 and 2012, were analyzed retrospectively. Results : Ten cases of accidental aspiration were occurred during dental procedure. Symtoms include cough(65%), dyspnea(50%), sputum(25%) and wheezing(25%). The most common location of foreign body was right bronchial tree(50%), left bronchial tree(45%) and carina(5%). Patients risk factors were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, esophageal cancer and vegetative state. Conclusion : Accidental aspiration or swallowing of dental instrument or material is not uncommon accidents in dental practice. Most foreign bodies enter into gastrointestinal tract spontaneously. But aspiration into broncho-trachea can be more serious events and must be treated as an emergency situation. Prompt emergency treatment and removal of the foreign body is necessary to avoid complication. Dentists must have knowledge about the precaution and be ready to deal with foreign body aspiration during dental procedures.