• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.243-254
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• 2010

Objectives : The study examined the correlation the between smoking and the actual smoking condition, knowledge, attitude and practice on the dental health of korean soldiers. Methods: The data was collected from a questionnaire given to 301 soldiers at two separate units in Kangwon-DO. Results : Soldiers dependance on nicotine according to the smoking frequence showed positive correlation(p<0.001). The respondents who had bad breath and bleeding gum had smoked for a relative correlation with how long they had smoked. Among the content of the dental health care program that respondents wished to undergo, dental whitening was the most attractive topic(37.9%) and decayed teeth was the most important part in dental health care(25.2%). The correlation coefficient between the dependancy on nicotine the less effort they made to improve their dental health(p<.05). Conclusion : The study suggest that antismoking campaigns should be include in military dental health care programs. Furthermore, the development of dental health care programs considering the needs of each military unit is basic for practice on dental health care between Korean soldiers.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.277-288
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to provide basic information for preventing high school students from smoking by examining their actual smoking condition and their knowledge and attitude about smoking. Method: The subjects were 515 students selected from six(6), high schools in Jecheon. Data were collected using a questionnaire from the 1st to the 17th of December 2002. The author prepared the tool by modifying the scale of knowledge and attitude about smoking developed by Moon(2001). Data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN program using frequencies, percentages, $x^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA. Duncan test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Result: 1. The percentage of ex-smoking students was 29.9% of male students and 18.6% of female ones. The percentage of currently smoking students was 23.9% of male students and 3.0% of female ones. The percentage of non-smoking students was 46.2% of male students and 78.4% of female ones, 2. There were not significant differences in smoking knowledge according to smoking status in male and female students. 3. There were significant differences in smoking attitude according to smoking status in male(F=32.70, p=.000) and female(F=11.15, p=.000) students. 4. In smoking status according to general characteristics, there were significant differences according to the type of school($x^2$=32.93, p=.000), grade($x^2$=11.91, p=.018), educational level of the father($x^2$=30.52, p=.000) and the mother($x^2$=14.23, p=.027), monthly allowance($x^2$=17.19, p=.028), harmony of family members($x^2$=15.23, p=.019), school life($x^2$=26.96, p=.00l) and school record($x^2$=30.24, p=.000). 5. In smoking status according to smoking-related characteristics, there were significant differences according to experience in cigarette purchase($x^2$=150.04. p=.000), experience in errands for cigarette($x^2$=20.00, p=.000), knowledge of cigarette price($x^2$=72.52, p=.000), close friends' smoking($x^2$=107.41. p=.000) and smoking of brothers and sisters($x^2$=16.97, p=.002). 6. There were significant correlation between knowledge and attitude about smoking in the whole students(r=.337. p=.000), ex-smokers(r=.324. p=.000), non-smokers(r=.369. p=.000) but there was not a significant correlation between knowledge and attitude about smoking in current smokers(r=.128. p=.30l). Conclusion: Smoking prevention education should considered students' smoking status. Current smokers need smoking prevention education aiming to change their attitude toward smoking in order for them to reduce smoking and to practice smoking cessation.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.230-238
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• 2002

Objectives: This pre-post quasi-experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of school based smoking prevention education on knowledge and attitude toward smoking, and the satisfaction of education among middle school students. Methods: The subjects included 94 middle school students in the experimental group. and 87 students in the control group. The educational content contained smoking refusal skills, which were taught through lectures and videos. Data collection was achieved using a self-reported questionnaire developed by the investigator. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 10.0 program including frequency, percentile, X2, paired t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: The results were as follows: 1. After the smoking prevention education, the smoking knowledge of the experimental group was significantly improved, whereas that of control group didn't change significantly. 2. There were no significant differences between pretest and post test attitude scores in both groups. 3. Refusal skill was the education content that provided the highest satisfaction for the subjects, and the degree of satisfaction was higher with video watching than with a lecture. Conclusion: Smoking prevention education for middle school students increased their level of smoking knowledge, but did not affect their attitudes toward smoking. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more effective program, and to evaluate the effects of a long term education program with further studies.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.45-61
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was to get database of health service for smoking preventing through investigating the smoking status of students and the knowledge, attitude on smoking. Methods: The subjects were consisted of 463 students who were currently enrolled in 1, 2 and 3 grade of 6 high schools located in Ulsan-city. The instruments for this study were smoking knowledge and smoking attitude questionnaire(each 20 items) developed by WHO. Results: Among the students 25.8% answered they had the experience of smoking. The experience of smoking related to general characteristics were showed significantly different according to opposite sex friends. Student's knowledge level about smoking prevention is high score to mean get obtain 0.65 out of 1. Smoking prevention knowledge level related to highest score(0.82) were have affect on pregnancy and an unborn child. Smoking prevention knowledge level related to low score(0.19) were get rid of stress. Therefore smoking prevention knowledge high level is non smoker rather than smoker. Student's attitude level about smoking prevention is high score to mean get obtain 2.0 out of 3. Smoking prevention attitude level related to highest score(2.5) were no smoking allowed public area and put a stop smoking to friends. Therefore smoking prevention attitude high level is non smoker rather than smoker. Conclusion: It follows from this study that education for smoking prevention should be continued from lower grade student and sustaining teaching for refusal skill against smoking is needed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2005

Purpose: this study was to verify the effects of the smoking prevention education as an intervention to prevent smoking among male middle school students. Method: this study was designed using one group pre-post test. The subjects were 169 male middle school students living in Jecheon city. The instruments used in this study were scales on smoking cessation intention and knowledge and attitude toward smoking. Students received 8 sessions of smoking prevention education for 45 minutes every week. from April to July 2003. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and paired t-test using the SPSS Win 8.0 program. Results: after the completion of the smoking prevention education, the smoking cessation intention(t=.37, p=.705)was not increased significantly but the knowledge(t=-3.84. p=.000) and attitude(t=-3.16, p=.002) on smoking were increased significantly. Conclusion: the smoking prevention education for male middle school students increased their knowledge on smoking and student's attitude to smoking turned more negatively. Further study on longitudinal effect using Pre-test/ Post-test control group design are also recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2016

Purpose: This study is to analyze influencing factors of smoking intention among nonsmoking middle school students with regard to smoking attitude, knowledge and social influence. Methods: Data were collected from non smoking students of 5 middle schools in D metropolitan city. The 1,892 enrolled subjects provided informed voluntary consent prior to completing a structural questionnaire covering smoking attitudes, knowledge, social influences and general characteristics. The data were analysed using SPSS/Win 21.0 program by -test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the nonsmoking students, 85.5% never had an intention to smoke. In relation to general characteristics, smoking intention was significantly associated with sex, school records, socioeconomic status, relationship with parents, smoking experience, and smokers around them. In relation to attitude, knowledge, and social influence, smoking intention was significantly associated with a lower attitude score, a lower knowledge score, and a lower social norm. In the logistic regression analysis, smoking intention was associated with a lower attitude score (2.99 times), a lower social norm (2.65 times), being male (2.35 times), low socioeconomic status (2.22 times). and having smoking experience (2.70 times). Conclusion: It is needed to develop promotional strategies that could provide adjusted systematic smoking prevention education for the preferred smoking group and afford smoking prevention programs considering subject characteristics to help young adolescents avoid access to smoking in their early age.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.339-344
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge of some adults about oral hygiene devices and their use of the oral hygiene devices. After a survey was conducted from December 3 to 17,2007, the answer sheets from 352 respondents were gathered. and the collected data were analyzed with a SPSS Ver. 17.0 program. The findings of the study were as follows. 1. Concerning the level of knowledge, the adults investigated knew the best that a toothbrush should be kept by making the head upward (76.77). On the other hand, they had little knowledge on water pick, tongue cleaner and interdental brush. 2. As for the level of use, they scored highest on keeping their toothbrushes by making the head upward(76.77), In contrast, they scarcely put water pick, electronic toothbrushes, tongue cleaner to use. 3. Knowledge impact of general characteristics involving mate(62.54). 50s over(66.28) and up, four family members(61.54), graduate school graduate(66.78), self-employed and, professionals(63.63), income of 1 to 1.5 million won(66.66), fathers were smokers(51.89) got the highest marks with a mean. 4. Use impact of the general characteristics female(47.70), 40s over 49s under(47.78), four family members(48.18), graduate school graduate(50.17), professionals(49.79), income of 1 to 1.5 million won(51.89), fathers were smokers(48.10) got the highest marks with a mean.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.128-150
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• 1995

본 연구의 목적은 중학생의 보건교육에 대한 요구도를 살피기 위해 먼저 현재 자신이 알고 있는 보건지식에 대한 만족도와 보건교육에 대한 필요도 및 이에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 알아보고, 이와 관련하여 보건지식에 대한 만족도와 보건교육에 대한 필요도가 보건교육 요구도에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보는 데 있다. 연구를 위한 조사대상으로 경기도 소재 M, S 중학교의 1,2학년 전체 학생 688명을 선정하였고, 1994년 12월 1일부터 15일까지 자기기입식 설문지를 통해 보건교육에 대한 요구도를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자의 분포는 남학생이 59.3%, 여학생이 40.7%였고, 자신의 건강상태에 대해 건강하다고 응답한 학생이 78.9%, 건강하지 않다고 응답한 학생이 21.1%였다. 또한 현재 알고 있는 보건지식에 대해 만족한다고 응답한 학생은 68.2%였고, 31.8%의 학생이 만족하지 않는다고 응답하였다. 보건교육에 대한 필요도에 대해서는 92.7%의 학생이 필요하다고 응답하였다. 2. 보건교육에 대한 요구도에서는 첫째, 보건교과설정에 대해 45.6%가 찬성하였고, 둘째, 보건교육 실시시기에 대해서는 82.8%가 유치원 및 국민학교에서부터 시작되어야 한다고 하였다. 셋째, 보건교육의 적정시간에 대해 82.4%가 1주일 또는 1달에 1-2시간이라고 하였으며, 넷째, 보건교육 담당교사에 대해서는 63.2%가 보건교육 전문가가 담당하여야 한다고 응답하였다. 다섯째, 보건교육 내용에 대한 선호도 순위는 구급처치, 안전교육, 영양, 환경, 음주와 흡연 및 약물남용, 구강보건, 개인위생, 식품위생, 전염병관리, 성교육, 건강과 운동, 정신건강, 비전염성질환 관리, 공중보건, 의료기관의 기능 순이었다. 3. 현재 알고 있는 보건지식에 대한 만족도에 영향을 미치는 변수로는 성(p<0.01). 형제순위(p<0.05), 아버지의 학력(p<0.01), 어머니의 학력(p<0.01), 학업성적(p<0.05)이었으며, 보건교육 필요도에 영향을 미치는 변수는 성(p<0.05), 어머니의 학력(p<0.05), 학업성적(p<0.01)이었다. 4. 현재 알고 있는 보건지식에 대한 만족도에 따라 보건교육에 대한 요구도에 차이가 나타났다. 보건지식에 대해 만족하고 있지 못한 비만족군의 경우 보건교과의 설정에 대해 만족군보다 더 적극적으로 찬성하였고(p<0.05), 보건교육의 실시 시기에 대해서는 유치원 시기부터가 적정하다고 응답하였다(p>0.01). 보건교육의 내용선정에 있어서도 만족군과 비만족군간의 차이가 나타났는데, 만족군의 경우는 안전교육, 건강과 운동, 공중보건, 비만족군의 경우는 성교육을 요구하였다(p<0.05). 5. 보건교육에 대한 필요도에 따라 보건교육에 대한 요구도에 차이가 나타났다. 보건교육이 필요하다고 응답한 필요군의 경우 보건교과의 설정에 대해 적극적으로 찬성하였다(p<0.01). 또한 필요군은 보건교육의 실시 시기에 대해 유치원 시기부터가 적정하다고 응답한 반면, 보건교육이 필요하지 않다고 한 비필요군의 경우는 중학교 이후부터 적정하다고 응답하였다(p<0,01). 보건교육의 내용선정에 있어서도 음주와 흡연 및 약물남용, 식품위생, 건강과 운동, 비전염성질환 예방을 제외한 내용에서 필요군과 비필요군간의 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.388-399
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• 2002

This study would tend to clarify effects on knowledge and attitudes of smoking by preventive education for the fifth grade student in elementary school. It would also hope to contribute to activate smoking preventive education, improvement of health quality for the young and reduce school children's misdeeds. One hundred and sixty-eight school children, the fifth grade student in K city's elementary school have been gathered as testees and divided into two groups : 84 in an experimental group and other 84 in a group for comparison.. Data has been collected between 27th November, 2001 and 8th February, 2002 and methods, which were based on literature study, have been developed by myself and used after reliability test. The process has been formed in this order - pre-survey, experiment (smoking preventive education), the first post-survey and the second post-survey. The pre-survey was to fill the questionnaire and the post survey has done with the same way in 2 and 9 weeks later. The smoking preventive education has been carried out 4 times and the time for each experiment was 40 minutes. The collected data has been analysed by the purpose into $\chi^2-test$, t-test,. F-test, Duncan multiple range test with SPSS. The results of study would be as follows 1. The rate of smoking experience is $17.3\%$ and the biggest motive $(75\%)$ is curiosity. Also $5.4\%$ of respondents reply to have friends smoking a little. 2. The first hypothesis - the group with smoking preventive education would have much knowledge about smoking than comparison group - would be supported with statistical data (t=-3.329, p=.000). 3. The second hypothesis - the group with smoking preventive education would show higher attitude than the other group - would also be backed by statistically meaningful difference (t=-3.856, p=.000). 4. The variables of extent for smoking knowledge would be school record and the variables of extent for smoking attitude is friends' smoking, parents' reaction, experience until now and plan from now on.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1089-1090
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• 2003

본 연구는 대구ㆍ경북지역 대장직장암 환자의 일반 생활 상황과 식행동 특성을 분석 평가하여 지역민의 대장직장암 예방을 위한 영양교육에 활용할 수 있는 식생활 관련 기초 자료를 얻고자 수행되었다. 최근 경북대학교 병원에서 대장직장암 진단을 받고 입원한 수술 전후 환자 123명 (남 79명, 여 44명)을 환자군 대상으로 하였고 대장질환이 없는 정형외과 환자 등 182명(남 117명, 여 65명)을 비교군 대상으로 하였다. 대상자의 일반 특성, 식습관, 식행동 특성, 식품섭취 빈도 등의 내용을 포함한 설문지를 이용하여 개인 면담을 통하여 조사하였다. 현재 BMI와 과거 가장 높았던 체중의 BMI는 남녀 모두 환자군에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 환자군의 교육 수준은 비교군에 비해 낮았고 주 거주지역 분포는 농촌이 가장 많았으며 가계 소득은 환자군에서 비교군에 비하여 높은 것으로 나타났다. 주요 일상활동 강도는 비교군에 비해 환자군에서 유의적으로 가벼운 것으로 나타났다. 발병 전 일상생활에서 느끼는 스트레스의 정도가 환자군에서 비교군에 비해 유의적으로 높았던 것으로 나타났다. 자신의 성격 유형을 비관적인 것으로 생각하는 비율과 가족의 암 병력이 환자군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 식사의 규칙성에서도 환자군에서 끼니를 거르는 비율이 유의적으로 높았다. 환자군은 비교군에 비해 육식을 유의적으로 높게 선호하였으며 외식시 고기류를 선호하는 비율이 높았다. 평소 물 섭취량은 환자군에서 비교군에 비해 적었다. 환자군이 비교군에 비해 짠맛에 대한 선호도가 유의적으로 높았고 단 맛과 매운 맛은 비교군에 비해 싫어하는 경향을 보였으며 기름진 맛을 선호하는 경향이 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 환자군에서 굽기, 튀기기를 좋아하는 경향이 유의적으로 높았다. 환자군에서 음주 빈도, 음주량 그리고 커피 섭취량이 높게 나타났으며, 1일 흡연량이 많았고, 흡연 시작 연령은 빨랐으며, 금연 연령은 늦어 흡연 기간이 유의적으로 긴 것으로 나타났다. 환자군의 영양지식 정도와 영양태도는 비교군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았고 환자군의 영양지식 수준이 높을수록 좋은 영양태도를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 과거 10년간 식품 섭취 빈도 조사 결과 환자군은 등푸른 생선류와 콩류 및 된장, 두부를 비교군에 비해 유의적으로 더 많이 섭취하였고 해조류, 생 녹황색채소류, 익힌 녹황색 및 담색채소류와 녹차를 더 적게 섭취한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 일상생활의 스트레스와 가족의 암 병력 및 비관적 성격 유형이 대장직장암 발병의 위험인자가 될 수 있음을 제시하며 육식 선호, 적은 양의 물 섭취, 짜고 기름진 맛에 대한 높은 기호도, 음주, 흡연, 커피의 섭취 그리고 나쁜 식습관이 대장직장암 발생과 관련된 식생활 위험인자가 될 수 있음을 제시한다. 해조류, 녹황색채소, 담색채소, 녹차가 대장직장암 발생의 보호인자의 가능성도 제시되었다. 따라서 향후 지역적 식문화 특성을 고려한 보다 광범위하고 체계적인 조사 연구를 통해 이 지역의 대장직장암 발생의 위험인자와 보호인자를 재확인할 필요가 있다고 보며 본 연구의 결과는 지역민의 대장직장암 예방을 위한 영양교육 자료로서 활용될 수 있다고 본다.