• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.138-143
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• 2011

This study analyzed the maltol quality, composition ratio of fatty acids, and contents of phenolic compounds in white ginseng extracts(four types), red ginseng extracts(five types), black ginseng extracts(two types), and Chinese ginseng extracts(nine types). By examining patterns in these measurements, we determined the characteristic factors of the extracts and measured the possibility of qualitative analysis. In the analysis of maltol using TLC, white ginseng extracts were not detected while red and black ginseng extracts were detected, so the possibility of detection was considered as a characteristic factor for qualitative analysis. Regarding the composition of fatty acids, palmitic and linoleic acids were the main fatty acids in the ginseng extracts palmitic acid was high in white ginseng extracts while linoleic was low in red ginseng extracts. Regarding the ratio(Pal/Lin) of the two fatty acids, there was a large difference between white ginseng extracts(56.7~64.3%) and red ginseng extracts(32.0~38.5%), and these figures seemed to be characteristic factors for the analysis. For the phenolic compounds, extracts contained maltol, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acid. White ginseng extracts contained similar percentages of phenolic compounds while red ginseng extracts had high maltol content. According to the measurement results of the percentages of maltol and cinnamic acid, white ginseng extracts showed values below five, whereas red and black ginseng extracts showed 53~289, which was also a characteristic factor for qualitative analysis. Consequently, we found that we can differentiate between ginseng extracts using characteristic factors that we analyzed in an experiment on white ginseng extracts from China.

• 대한한약신문
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• s.120
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

'제7회 산청한방약초 축제' 성황/한의학연구원, 기술이전 설명회 개최/'2007 대구약령시 한방문화축제'/한약재수급조절소위원회 개최/시중 유통 한약재 허용치 이상 중금속 검출/한약재품질인증센터 기공/올해 한방치료기술개발사업에 21억 투입/한약 포제규격화 전문가 회의 개최/한약재 '포' 제품 규격제정 추진/위해의약품 자진회수 의무화/복지부, 심천사혈요법연수원 고발조치/불법 한방식품 판매업자 검거/신생아 태반, 건강원 '중탕' 단속/KIOM, 지식정보자원 디지털화 사업 추진/양산시, 첨단의료복합단지 유치 '본격화'/한도협, "한약도매상 영세성 가속화" 주장/산청 한의학 박물관 개관/식.의약품 안전관리 연구 141억원 투입/흑삼농축액 발암물질 벤조피렌 검출/비증 이야기/명칭이 비슷하여 감별하기 어려운 한약재/지부탐방-지부장에게 듣는다/우리 약초를 찾아서-천마

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.386-391
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• 2010

Sulgidduk samples containing control, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% black ginseng extracts and a control were examined for moisture content, color, textural characteristics, and sensory qualities to determine the optimal ratio of black ginseng extracts in the formulation. The moisture content of sulgidduk added with black ginseng extracts was 37~40%. Additionally, the lightness decreased and the redness and the yellowness increased as the black ginseng extracts content increased. Hardness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness increase with the addition of black ginseng extracts. however, adhesiveness did not differ significantly among the groups. Sulgidduk containing 1% black ginseng extracts received the highest scores for color, flavor, texture and overall preference. Based on the above results of sensory and texture analyses, sulgidduk containing 1% black ginseng extracts had the highest quality for commercialization.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.438-447
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• 2016

This study was conducted in order to investigate the physiochemical properties and antioxidative activity of red ginseng manufactured using the high temperature high pressure (HTHP) process, which is faster and simpler than the conventional process. According to increasing the steaming temperature, pressure and time, the content of minor non-polar ginsenosides, such as Rg3, Rk3, Rh4, Rk1 and Rg5 gradually increased. Also, the contents of acidic polysaccharide, total phenolic compounds and maltol gradually increased. Based on the results of the physiochemical properties and appearance quality, the optimum conditions of HTHP process were estimated as $140^{\circ}C$, $3kg/cm^2$ in 20 min. The total phenolic compounds and maltol contents of the HTHP process red ginseng (1.0% and 2.49 mg%, respectively) were higher than those of conventional red ginseng (0.23% and 0.60 mg%, respectively). In addition, the antioxidative activity was investigated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-aziono-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging activity. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of HTHP process red ginseng increased by 3.4 and 3.6 folds, respectively, compared with conventional red ginseng. In addition, total phenolic compounds and maltol contents, as well as the antioxidant activity of the HTHP process red ginseng were similar to black ginseng. The present results suggest that the HTHP process is available for the development of value-added red ginseng products.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.3325-3329
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• 2010

This study evaluated anti-wrinkle effect using toner and lotion containing ginsenoside Rg3 enriched black ginseng in oriental medicine like Liriope platy phyllla, Inonotus obliquus, Glycyrrhiza glabra and nourishing of the blood and energy(Atractylodes japonica, Poria cocos Wolf, Angelica gigas, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeonia lactiflora). 6 female adults on average at the age of 42.5 applied lotion after toner under the normal conditions of use on the face including crow's feed area, twice a day (in the morning and evening) for 4weeks. After 4 weeks, the replica of eye wrinkle was made and analyzed the image. The result was decreased in R1($3.15{\pm}0.35$ to $2.28{\pm}0.22$), R2($2.99{\pm}0.37$ to $2.13{\pm}0.21$), R3($2.09{\pm}0.31$ to $1.56{\pm}0.18$), R4($0.37{\pm}0.05$ to $0.29{\pm}0.03$), and R5($0.89{\pm}0.1$ to $0.75{\pm}0.06$)(P<0.05). Therefore, oriental medicine cosmetics containing black ginseng may play a role anti-wrinkle.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.124-124
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• 2018

본 연구는 국내 생약중 도라지를 포함, 인삼, 당귀, 생강, 마 5가지를 선별하여 각 원물별로 항산화 활성 가장 높은 기준으로 증숙시킨 조건의 흑도라지, 흑삼, 흑당귀, 흑생강, 흑마를 확보하였다. 증숙시킨 5가지 생약은 다시 혼합 추출(BMHE; Black Mixed Herbal Extract)하여 증숙하지 않은 생약 혼합 추출물(MHE; Mixed Herbal extract)과 항산화, 항염 및 항알러지 활성을 비교하여 증숙공정이 생약의 생리활성에 미치는 긍정적인 영향을 바탕으로 피부향장 소재로 활용가능성을 확인하고자 연구하였다. 실험은 MHE와 BMHE를 각각 50% Ethyl alcohol로 추출하여 감압농축하여 생리활성을 평가하였으며, MHE와 BMHE 추출물에 대한 세포생존률을 확인한 결과 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 각각 89.4%와 95.3%의 세포생존률을 보임에 따라 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ 이하의 농도에서 HME와 BMHE 모두 세포독성이 거의 적은 것을 확인하였다. DPPH radical scavenging effects 항산화 활성에 대하여 MHE와 BMHE을 비교한 결과 농도 의존적으로 항산화 활성을 보였으며 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서는 각각 66.8%와 74.2%의 라디칼 소거능을 확인하였다. NO assay로부터 항염활성을 비교한 결과에서도 MHE와 BMHE 모두 농도 의존적으로 NO의 함량 감소시켰으며 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$로 처리한 농도에서는 59.5%와 64.7%의 억제율을 각각 보임에 따라 항염 효과도 우수한 것을 확인하였다. 항알레르기 효능 실험 중 하나인 5-LO 억제효능을 측정하여 ME와 BME의 항알러지 효능을 측정한 결과 상기의 결과와 마찬가지로 농도 의존적으로 5-Lipoxygenase를 억제하였으며, $1,000{\mu}g/ml$의 농도로 MHE와 BMHE를 처리하였을 시 5-Lipoxygenase 효소활성에 대하여 각각 76.2%와 83.5%의 높은 억제율을 확인 하였다. 이는 양성대조군인 EGCG를 $200{\mu}g/ml$의 농도로 처리한 9.10%에 근접한 억제율을 보임에 따라 항알러지 효과가 우수한을 확인할 수 있었다. 실험 결과를 바탕으로 BMHE가 MHE보다 항산화, 항염, 항알러지 활성이 우수한 것을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 이는 증숙기법이 생약의 생리활성을 높여주는 것은 물론 더 나아가 본 연구를 통해 확보된 5가지 흑도라지, 흑삼, 흑당귀, 흑생강, 흑마는 향후 피부향장 소재로 활용이 용이할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 2013

Powders prepared from three different varieties of Korean ginseng (white, red and black) are consumed daily by many Koreans as a functional food material. These variants exert a variety of physiological effects. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of Yanggaeng prepared with three different types of ginseng powder. We conducted tests for ginsenosides content, Hunter's color values, mechanical characteristics, and sensory evaluation analysis. The ginsenosides of black ginseng were higher than those of white and red ginseng. The lightness of the black ginseng Yanggaeng was significantly less than the white, red, and control samples (p<0.05). We noted significant differences in Hunter's a and b values. With regard to the mechanical properties of the samples, we noted significant differences in gumminess (p<0.05), but no differences in hardness, springiness, chewiness, and cohesiveness were detected. The results of sensory evaluation showed that there were significant differences in the color, flavor, and overall quality of the samples (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences in taste and texture. Overall, red ginseng Yanggaeng appeared to have the most commercial value for improving the Yanggaeng product.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.361-365
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to provide basic information for developing a high-value ginseng product using ginseng saponin and prosapogenin. In order to achieve the proposed objective ginsenoside compositions of Black (BG) and Red (RG) ginseng extract with 95% ethyl alcohol were examined by means of HPLC. The crude saponin and ginsenoside composition of processed ginseng products were analyzed and compared, with BG topping the list with a crude saponin content of 7.53%, followed by RG (5.29%). Ginseng prosapogenin (ginsenosides $Rg_2$, $Rg_3$, $Rg_5$, $Rg_6$, $Rh_1$, $Rh_4$, $Rk_1$, $Rk_3$, $F_1$ and $F_4$) in BG was found to be contained almost 2.6 times as much as that in RG. Ginsenosides $Rg_3$, $Rg_5$, $Rk_1$, $Rh_4$ and $F_4$ in BG in particular were found to be almost 3 times as much as those in RG. $Rg_6$ and $Rk_3$ in BG were also found to be almost 4 times as much as those in RG.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.4-4
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• 2011

고려인삼의 학명은 Panax ginseng으로 그리스 어원을 해석하면 '모든 질병을 치료 할 수 있는 약재'이다. 본 발표에서는 첫째, 고려인삼의 약리효능에 대한 과학적인 연구 결과를 소개해 고려인삼에 대한 이해를 넓히고 둘째, 국제인삼시장의 현황과 중앙정부의 지원 방법을 소개하고자 한다. 고려인삼은 재배기간인 4~6년 소요되고 수삼, 백삼, 홍삼, 태극삼, 흑삼의 형태로 사용된다. 고려인삼은 사포닌, 알칼로이드, 다당체 등을 함유하고 있으며 생리활성의 유효성분은 ginsenoside로 알려져 있다. 고려인삼의 ginsenoside는 약 35종이 알려져 있고 각 ginsenoside에 따라 항아토피, 알츠하이머 예방, 항당뇨, 면역 증강효과를 보이고 있으며 아직도 그 효능에 대하여 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 고려인삼의 국제거래가격은 캐나다산의 4.8배, 중국산의 5.5배이고 토지 임차료는 미국, 중국의 약 5배, 캐나다의 2.6배이며 인건비는 중국의 13배에 달하나 수량성은 10a 당 450~600kg으로 미국 캐나다(800~1,000kg), 중국(950~1,250kg)의 수량성 보다 낮다. 고려인삼의 산업적 발전을 위해 중앙정부는 생산기반, 유통구조, 안전성, 과학화를 포함한 중장기적인 계획을 수립하고, 이에 따라 다양한 지원시책을 준비하고 있다.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.145-151
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• 2012

To develop fundamental data of herbal materials with heat treatment, we studied analytical and extraction methods of benzopyrene in black ginseng and validated by HPLC analysis. Benzopyrene was successfully separated in mobile phase of acetonitrile:water (80 : 20) and detection of excitation 294 nm, emission 404 nm. The calibration curve of benzopyrene was linear over the concentration range of 1.17~37.50 ng/ml with correlation coefficient of above 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of benzopyrene was 0.25 and 0.75 ng/ml, respectively. Hexane extraction method was used as a new extraction method for benzopyren and the efficient of extraction was over 95%. In conclusion, analytical method and extraction method were suitable for the determination of benzopyrene in the black ginseng and could be applied to fundamental study and guideline of herbal materials with heat treatment.